Johann Simon Mayr

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Johann Simon Mayr
Signature Johann Simon Mayr PNG

Johann (es) Simon Mayr (born June 14, 1763 in Mendorf near Altmannstein , Eichstätt district , †  December 2, 1845 in Bergamo ) was a German composer and music teacher who lived in Italy and is best known as a composer of Italian operas . Therefore he is also known by his Italian name Giovanni Simone Mayr . He also went down in music history as the teacher of Gaetano Donizetti .

Life

Mayr's birthplace in Mendorf

Johann Simon was the second son of five children of Josef Mayr, teacher and organ player, and Maria Anna Prantmayer, daughter of a beer brewer from Augsburg. He received his first music lessons from his father. After 1769 Mayr received his further education in the Benedictine monastery of Weltenburg and in 1774 switched to the Jesuit college in Ingolstadt , where he received a free place because of his extraordinary musical talent. From 1777 he studied theology, philosophy, medicine, law and canon law in Ingolstadt and also worked as an organist. The first compositions were published in Regensburg in 1786, it is a collection of twelve songs: Songs to sing with the piano .

In 1787 Thomas de Bassus became aware of Johann Simon Mayr and brought him to work as a music teacher at his country estate, Schloss Sandersdorf , the ultimate secret meeting place for the Illuminati. On the run from the Bavarian police who occupied the castle, Johann Simon Mayr fled to Poschiavo in Switzerland. In 1789 he came to Bergamo . Here he studied with Carlo Lenzi , Kapellmeister in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore . This did not satisfy Mayr and he intended to move back to Ingolstadt. Count Pesenti convinced him to stay in Italy and study in Venice with Ferdinando Bertoni , the Kapellmeister of St. Mark's Basilica , a well-known composer of sacred music at the time.

Mayr studied with Bertoni in Venice and established close contacts with the Italian theater scene. During his stay in the lagoon city he wrote his first oratorio Jacob a Labano fugiens , his first mass and several Vespers and cantatas. In 1796 he married Angiela Venturali, the daughter of a Venetian merchant.

Mayr's tomb

Mayr's encounter with Niccolò Piccinni and Peter von Winter , who encouraged him to embark on the path of opera composer, was of great importance . After some church music , he took over the commission in 1794 to write the opera Saffo for the carnival . In the thirty years that followed, around 60 operas were written and performed across Europe. Napoleon offered him the post of opera director in Paris. In the last 20 years of his life, Mayr turned back to church music. From 1802 until his death he held the position of Kapellmeister at the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo . His most important student was Gaetano Donizetti .

In 1838 he visited his sister in Bavaria , where he was received with great enthusiasm by the musicians there. At the end of his life he went blind. He died in Bergamo at the age of 82 and was buried next to Donizetti in Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo. Mayr was close to the Illuminati movement around Adam Weishaupt .

posterity

In 1875 Johann Simon Mayr and his student Donizetti were honored by the city of Bergamo . The coffins of both musicians were transferred to the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Italian composer Amilcare Ponchielli composed a cantata for the occasion .

In 1964 the Johann-Simon-Mayr-Realschule named after the composer was founded in Riedenburg , and in 1995 the international Simon-Mayr-Gesellschaft was founded .

Works (selection)

Johann Simon Mayr is considered one of the most important composers of Italian opera of the early 19th century. He wrote more than 60 operas and 600 church and chamber music works , which have experienced a renaissance in recent years. Mayr used the usual forms of opera buffa , opera semiseria , but above all Farsa and opera seria . "Almost half of all Mayr operas - and almost all of the successful pieces - are series ." The sources of some works are uncertain. In autumn 2009, Medea in Corinto was shown at the St. Gallen Theater in collaboration with the Ricordi publishing house in a source-critical new edition . In the summer of 2010 the opera was staged by Hans Neuenfels at the Munich State Opera.

Operas

title genre Librettist Place of the UA Date of the UA Tradition (selection)
Verter - Simeone Antonio Sografi after Goethe Venice, private performance 1794 (Mayr's authorship doubtful)
Saffo, ossia i riti d'Apollo Leucadio dramma per musica Simeone Antonio Sografi Venice, La Fenice February 17, 1794 Score autograph in I-BGc 188
La Lodoiska dramma per musica Francesco Gonella after Filette-Loreux Venice, La Fenice January 26, 1796 Score autograph (incomplete) in I-BGc 169
Un pazzo ne fa cento (I rivali delusi; la contessa immaginaria) dramma giocoso Giuseppe Maria Foppa after Domenico Somigli Venice, San Samuele October 8, 1796 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 180
Telemaco nell'isola di Calipso dramma per musica Simeone Antonio Sografi Venice, La Fenice January 16, 1797 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 167
L'intrigo della lettera (Il pittore; Il pittore astratto; L'imbroglio della lettera) farsa Giuseppe Maria Foppa Venice, San Moisé September 24, 1797 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 172
Il secreto (Il segreto; Il matrimonio per concorso) farsa Giuseppe Maria Foppa Venice, San Moisé September 24, 1797 Score autograph in I-BGc 172, I-PAc
(Un) Avviso ai maritati opera buffa / dramma giocosa Francesco Gonella to Marmontel Venice, San Samuele January 15, 1798 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 180
Likewise e Lidia dramma per musica Giuseppe Maria Foppa to Marmontel Venice, La Fenice February 14, 1798 Copyist's score in I-BGc 191
Adriano in Siria dramma per musica after Pietro Metastasio Venice, San Benedetto April 13, 1798 -
Che originali! (Gli originali; Il pazzo per la musica; Le melomane; Il trionfo della musica; Il fanatico per la musica; La musicomania) farsa / opera buffa Gaetano Rossi Venice, San Benedetto October 18, 1798 Copyist's scores in I-Mc Noseda G3
Amor ingegnoso farsa Caterino Mazzolà Venice, San Benedetto December 27, 1798 Score autograph in I-BGc 174
L'ubbidienza per astuzia farsa Caterino Mazzolà Venice, San Benedetto December 27, 1798 Score autograph in I-BGc 174
Adelaide di Guesclino dramma per musica Gaetano Rossi after Voltaire Venice, La Fenice May 1, 1799 Score autograph (incomplete) in I-BGc 195
L'accademia di musica farsa giocosa Gaetano Rossi Venice, San Samuele August 1799 Score autograph in I-BGc 2
Labino e Carlotta (Werter e Carlotta; Sabino e Carlotta) farsa Gaetano Rossi Venice, San Benedetto October 9, 1799 Copyist's score in I-BGc 174
L'avaro farsa Giuseppe Maria Foppa to Goldoni to Molière Venice, San Benedetto November 1799 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 178
La Lodoiska opera semiseria - rev. Version of the work from 1796 for Parma, not listed (1799) Copyist's score (incomplete) in I-BGc 292
La locandiera (La bella locandiera) farsa Gaetano Rossi after Goldoni Vicenza, Teatro Berico Spring 1800 Score autograph (incomplete) in I-BGc 298
Il carretto del venditore d'aceto (L'oro fa tutto; L'acetaio; Il barile portentoso) farsa giocosa Giuseppe Maria Foppa after LS Mercier Venice, Sant'Angelo June 28, 1800 Copyist's score in I-BGc 175
L'imbroglione e il castiga-matti farsa Giuseppe Maria Foppa Venice, San Moisé Autumn 1800 (Whereabouts unknown)
L'inconvenienze teatrali farsa after Simeone Antonio Sografi Venice, San Luca Autumn 1800 (Whereabouts unknown)
L'equivoco ossia Le bizzarie dell'amore (I due viaggiatori) dramma giocoso Giuseppe Maria Foppa Milan, La Scala November 5, 1800 Copyist's scores in I-BGc 181, 182
Gli sciti dramma per musica Gaetano Rossi after Voltaire Venice, La Fenice December 26, 1800 Score autograph (incomplete) in I-BGc 291
I virtuosi (I virtuosi a teatro) farsa Gaetano Rossi Venice, San Luca December 26, 1801 Partial autograph score (incomplete) in I-BGc 175
Ginevra di Scozia (Ariodante; Ginevra ed Ariodante) dramma serio eroico per musica Gaetano Rossi after Ariosto Trieste, Teatro Nuovo April 21, 1801 Score autograph in I-Mr
Le due giornate (Le due giornate di Parigi; Il portatore d'acqua) dramma eroicomico per musica Giuseppe Maria Foppa after Jean Nicolas Bouilly Milan, La Scala August 18, 1801 Score autograph in I-Mr
Argene dramma eroico per musica Gaetano Rossi after V. Monti Venice, La Fenice December 28, 1801 Partial autograph score in I-BGc 192
I misteri elusini (Antinous in Eleusi; Polibete) dramma per musica Giuseppe Bernadoni Milan, La Scala January 16, 1802 Score autograph in I-Mr
I castelli in aria ossia Gli amanti per accident farsa Giuseppe Maria Foppa Venice, San Benedetto May 1802 (Whereabouts unknown)
Ercole in Lidia dramma per musica Giovanni de Gamerra Vienna, Burgtheater January 29, 1803 Copyist's score in A-Wgm
Gl'intrighi amorosi dramma giocoso Giuseppe Bertati Parma, Teatro Ducale Carnival 1803 (Whereabouts unknown, possibly adaptation of L'intrigo della lettera )
Le finte rivali melodramma giocoso Luigi Romanelli Milan, La Scala August 20, 1803 Copyist's score in I-BGc 184
Alonso e Cora (La vergine del sole) dramma per musica Giuseppe Bernadoni to Marmontel Milan, La Scala December 26, 1803 Score autograph in I-Mr
Amor non ha ritegno (La fedeltà delle vedove) melodramma eroicomico Francesco Marconi after Carlo Gozzi Milan, La Scala May 18, 1804 Copyist's score in I-Mc Noseda F.71 / 1.11
Elisa ossia Il Monte San Bernardo; The Passagio di Monte San Bernardo dramma sentimental Gaetano Rossi after Jacques-Antoine de Révéroni Saint-Cyr Venice, San Benedetto July 5, 1804 Copyist's score in I-Fc B.82 A.111.107-109
Zamori ossia L'eroe dell'Indie dramma musicale Luigi Prividali and NN Piacenza August 10, 1804 Copyist's score in I-BGc 194
Eraldo ed Emma dramma eroico per musica Gaetano Rossi Milan, La Scala January 8, 1805 Copyist's score in I-Fc A11.132-133
Di locanda in locanda e semper in sala farsa Luigi Giuseppe Buonavoglia after E. Mercier-Dupaty Venice, San Moisé June 5, 1805 Score autograph in I-BGc 21
L'amor coniugale (Il custode di buon cuore) farsa sentimentale Gaetano Rossi after Jean Nicolas Bouilly after Pierre Gaveaux Padua, Teatro Nuovo July 26, 1805 Score autographs in I-Mr and I-BGc 280
La roccia di Frauenstein (Gli emigrati di Franconia) melodramma eroicomico Gaetano Rossi after Angelo Anelli Venice, La Fenice October 26, 1805 Copyist's score in I-Mc
Gli americani (Idalide) melodramma eroico Gaetano Rossi Venice, La Fenice December 26, 1805 Score autographs in I-BGc 198 and US-Wc
Ifigenia in Aulide azione seria drammatica Apostolo Zeno Parma Carnival 1806 ( Whereabouts unknown, probably later reworked to Il Sacrificio d'Ifigenia )
Palmira (Il trionfo della virtù e dell'amore) dramma per musica - Florence, Teatro La Pergola Fall 1806 ( Revised by Zamori , copyist's score in I-Fc A.111.113-115)
The piccolo compositore di musica farsa - Venice, San Moisé 1806 (Whereabouts unknown)
Adelasia e Aleramo melodramma serio Luigi Romanelli Milan, La Scala December 28, 1806 Copyist's score in I-Mc 243.187
Né l'un, né l'altro dramma giocoso Angelo Anelli Milan, La Scala 17th August 1807 Score autograph in I-BGc 203
Belle ciarle e tristi fatti (L'imbroglio contro l'imbroglio) dramma giocoso Angelo Anelli Venice, La Fenice November 1807 Score autograph in I-Mr
I Cherusci dramma per musica Gaetano Rossi Rome, Teatro Argentina Carnival 1808 Score autograph (incomplete) in D-Mbs
Un vero originale (La finta sposa; Il barone burlato) burletta per musica MA Brunetti Rome, Teatro Valle 1808 Copyist's score in I-BGc 185
Il ritorno di Ulisse azione eroica per musica Luigi Prividali Venice, La Fenice Carnival 1809 Score autograph in I-BGc 199
Raoul di Crequi dramma per musica Luigi Romanelli after Monvel Milan, La Scala December 26, 1810 Score autograph in I-Mr
Amore non soffre opposizione (Amore irresistibile) opera giocosa / opera buffa Giuseppe Maria Foppa Venice, San Moisé Carnival 1810 Score autograph in I-BGc 185
L'amor branch (Il disertore) farsa sentimentale Gaetano Rossi Venice, San Moisé Carnival 1811 Copyist's score in I-BGc 178
Il sacrificio d'Ifigenia azione seria drammatica per musica G. Arici after François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet Brescia, Teatro Grande Carnival 1811 -
Tamerlano melodramma serio Luigi Romanelli after Morel Milan, La Scala December 26, 1812 Score autograph in I-Mr
La rosa bianca e la rosa rossa (Il trionfo dell'amicizia; Le due rose) melodramma eroico Felice Romani after RCG de Pixérécourt Genoa, S. Agostino February 21, 1813 Copyist's score in I-BGc 289
Medea in Corinto melodramma tragico Felice Romani after Euripides Naples, San Carlo November 28, 1813 Score autograph in I-BGc 320
Elena (Elena e Costantino) dramma eroicomico per musica Andrea Leone Tottola Naples, Teatro dei Fiorentini January 28, 1814 Score autograph in I-BGc 189
Atar (Il serraglio d'Ormus) melodramma serio Felice Romani after Beaumarchais Genoa, S. Agostino June 1814 Score autograph in I-Mr
Le due duchesse ossia La caccia dei lupi (Le due amiche) dramma semiserio Felice Romani Milan, La Scala November 7, 1814 Score autograph in I-Mr
Cora dramma per musica Francesco Berio di Salsa Naples, San Carlo March 27, 1815 Copyist's score in I-Nc (complete new version by Alonso e Cora )
Mennone e Zemira (La figlia dell'aria ossia La vendetta di Giunone) dramma per musica Gaetano Rossi Naples, San Carlo March 22, 1817 Score autograph in I-Nc 14.2.12-14
Cupid avvocato commedia per musica - Naples, Teatro dei Fiorentini Spring 1817 Copyist's scores in I-Nc X.7.813
Lanassa melodramma eroico Gaetano Rossi and Bartolomeo Merelli after La veuve di Malabar by AM Lamierre Venice, La Fenice December 1817 (Whereabouts unknown)
Alfredo il grande , Re degli Anglo Sassoni melodramma per musica Bartolomeo Merelli after Gaetano Rossi Bergamo, Teatro della Società December 26, 1819 Score autograph in I-BGc 201
Le danaide (Danao) melodramma serio Felice Romani Rome, Teatro Argentina Carnival 1819 Score autograph in I-Mr
Fedra melodramma serio Luigi Romanelli Milan, La Scala December 26, 1820 Score autograph in I-Mr
Demetrio dramma per musica after Pietro Metastasio Turin, Teatro Regio Carnival 1824 (Whereabouts unknown)

Cantatas

Secular vocal works

  • Over 40 canzonets, arias, songs and trios for piano, including:
    • 12 songs (1786, Regensburg)
    • 12 ballate venetiane (1797, London)
    • 6 canzonette e duettini (Vienna)
    • Italian and German songs
  • Diversi lavori vocali con orchestra per la Scuola Musicale di Bergamo

Oratorios and sacred dramas

Chiesa di San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti , Venice
  • Iacob e Labano fugiens (oratorio in Latin, libretto by Giuseppe Maria Foppa , 1791, Venezia)
  • Sisara (oratorio in Latin, libretto by Giuseppe Maria Foppa , 1793, Venice Church of San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti )
  • Tobiae matrimonium (oratorio in Latin, 1794, Venice)
  • La passione (Oratorio in Italian, 1794, Forlì)
  • David in spelunca Engeddi (Oratorio in Latin and Italian, 1795, Venice)
  • Il sacrificio di Iefte (Oratorio in Italian, 1795, Forlì)
  • Il ritorno di Jefte, o Il voto incauto (oratorio in Italian, libretto by Jacopo Ferretti, 1814, Rome; lost)
  • Gioas salvato (oratorio in Italian, 1816–17, Palermo; lost)
  • Ifigenia in Tauride (sacred drama, music in scenic form, after Apostolo Zeno , 1817, Florence; lost)
  • Samuele (Oratorio in Italian, Libretto di Bartolomeo Merelli, 1821, Bergamo)
  • Atalia (sacred drama, music with stage design, libretto by Felice Romani , 1822, Naples)
  • San Luigi Gonzaga (oratorio in Italian, libretto by P. Cominazzi, 1822, Bergamo)

Other church music

  • Fair for Novara (1812)
  • Mass in C minor for solos, choir and orchestra (1826)
  • Fair for Einsiedeln (1826)
  • 7 requiems
  • 277 sets for masses
  • 28 movements for Requiem
  • 111 phrases for grief
  • 159 sentences for Vespers
  • 43 inni
  • 14 antiphons
  • 29 movimenti per funzioni della Settimana Santa
  • 13 motets
  • Another 11 sacred works

Instrumental music

Music for orchestra

  • 57 symphonies
  • 2 symphonies concertanti
  • 2 concerts for piano
  • 2 ballets
  • 3 interludes
  • 3 marches
  • 1 concert movement for viola

Chamber music

  • 3 sonatas for piano and other musical instruments
  • 8 sonatas 6 per fiati
  • 13 settetti per fiati
  • 3 ottetti per fiati
  • 2 sestetti per archi e fiati
  • Quintets for archi

Music for keyboard instruments

  • 4 sonatas
  • 10 symphonies
  • 58 studies
  • 10 divertimenti
  • Sonata for organ
  • 2 symphonies for organ

grades

  • Piano booklet, Munich, G. Ricordi, c 2006,
  • 12 bagatelle a 3 per flauto, clarinetto e fagotto. Adliswil; Lottstetten, Edition Albert J. Kunzelmann, 2001

literature

Discography

  • Medea in Corinto - Eaglen, Kenny, Ford, Miles, Parry, Opera Rara ORC11 [1993]
  • Concert recordings of works by Johann Simon Mayr - Wilhelm Schmailzl, Karlskron [1996]
  • Samuele - Fono-Schallplattengesellschaft, Laer [1997]
  • L'Armonia / Cantata for the death of Beethoven - Talia Or (soprano), Altin Piriu (tenor), Nikolay Borchev (bass), Simon Mayr Choir, Ingolstadt Georgian Chamber Orchestra , conductor: Franz Hauk, Naxos [1997]
  • Che Originali - Guild [1999]
  • Stabat mater - Dynamic [1999]
  • Passion, Canzones and Arias - Agora 2000
  • Mass in C minor - Guild [2001]
  • Ginevra di Scozia - Elisabeth Vidal (soprano); Daniela Barcellona (mezzo-soprano); Antonio Siragusa (tenor); Luca Grassi (baritone); Giuseppina Piunti (soprano); Marco Lazzara (countertenor); Orchestra del Teatro Verdi di Trieste ; Tiziano Severini (head). Label: Opera Rara ORC23 [2002]
  • La Passione - Chamber Orchestra Ingolstadt Guild [2002]
  • Atalia - Franz Hauk, Maria Jette, Simon Mayr Choir, Guild [2003]
  • Sisara - Accademia I Filarmonici di Verona, Simon Mayr Choir, conductor: Franz Hauk, Guild GmbH, recorded in the Maria de Victoria church in Ingolstadt ( Asamkirche ) [2004]
  • La Rosa Bianca e la Rosa Rossa - Antonacci, Anselmi, Serraicocca, Canonici, Facini, Briccetti; Fonit Cetra RFCD [2007]
  • David in Spelunca Engaddi - Naxos [2008]
  • L'Amor Coniugale - Naxos Opera [2008]
  • Tobiae Matrimonium - Simon Mayr Choir and Ensemble, Naxos [2009]
  • Medea in corinto - Theater St. Gallen , Oehmsclassic [2010]
  • Fedra - Chiaudani, Nelsen, Zagorski, Lee, Schaller, OEHMS Classics 920
  • Verter - Herrmann, Gemmabella, Cicchetti, Salsi, Zarelli, Terracini, Czech Chamber Soloists, conducted by Paul Terracini Bongiovanni, [2004] GB 2343-4.
  • Te Deum / Missa Solemnis, Simon Mayr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Ingolstadt Georgian Chamber Music Orchester, Naxos [2010]
  • Gioas - Andrea Lauren Brown, Robert Sellier, Cornel Frey, Andreas Burkhart, Simon Mayr Chorus & Ensemble; Head: Franz Hauk, Naxos [2012]
  • Concerto Bergamasco , Concerto D minor - Natalie Schwaabe (flute / piccolo) & Andrea Steinberg (clarinet / basset horn) Franz Hauk (harpsichord) Naxos [2012]

Movies

  • Martin Pfeil and Hermann Käbisch: The forgotten musician: Johann Simon Mayr (1763–1845) . INTV Media Ingolstadt, 1995 (VHS, 30 min.)

Web links

Commons : Simon Mayr  - collection of images, videos and audio files

proof

  1. ↑ Uta Schaumberg: The opera serie Giovanni Simone Mayrs (Mayr Studies 3), 1999, vol. 1, p. 8
personal data
SURNAME Mayr, Johann Simon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mayr, Johannes Simon; Mayr, Simon; Mayr, Giovanni Simone (Italian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and music teacher
DATE OF BIRTH June 14, 1763
PLACE OF BIRTH Mendorf , today Altmannstein , Eichstätt district
DATE OF DEATH December 2, 1845
Place of death Bergamo