Gypsum karst landscape Hainholz

Gypsum karst landscape Hainholz IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
View from the west of the NSG
location	Southwest of Osterode , in the district of Göttingen in Lower Saxony
surface	705 ha
Identifier	NSG BR 122
WDPA ID	163253
Geographical location	51 ° 41 ′  N , 10 ° 16 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 10 ″  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 13 ″  E
Setup date	02/16/1973
administration	NLWKN

The Hainholz gypsum karst landscape is a nature reserve on the southwestern edge of the Harz Mountains in Lower Saxony . It is about five kilometers south of Osterode am Harz and immediately west of Düna .

Location and nature

The NSG Hainholz-Beierstein is one of the most important gypsum karst areas in Europe. Paleolithic and Iron Age finds bear witness to a long use. The medieval high road led through the Hainholz. During the extraction of marl to improve lime-poor soils, bone finds ( woolly rhinoceros ) were made in the 18th century , which gave the wood of the grove a place in the history of science. Between 1596 and 1732 the wood of the grove was covered with thorn bushes, many hornbeams, older oaks and a few beeches. Today the plaster of paris is covered with beech and wild garlic forest. The South Harz Karst hiking trail leads through the nature reserve. The intensively karstified area is a representative part of the gypsum karst landscape of the southern Harz . Confined space one finds the typical forms of karst landscape, such as sinkholes , solution sinkholes , Bach disappearance , karst springs , Estavellen , Karst cones, shallots (geological organs), carts and old Erdfallfüllungen (inverted relief). The Hainholz was early due to its z. T. large-scale gypsum caves known:

Forest path in the grove

• Jettenhöhlen system (total length 748 m)
• Marthahöhle (total length 450 m)
• Clinker fountain (> 50 m)
• Poland Hole (approx. 50 m)

as well as numerous small caves, e.g. B .:

• Jettenufer grottos (17 m)
• Pentecost column (15 m)
• Aldebaran Cave (15 m)
• Franzspalte (15 m)
• 6 m shaft (6 m)
• Jettenbrunnen

History of the grove

• 1308 First mention of the largest cave in the area as Gettenhelle ( Jettenhöhle ) in a Katlenburg document, as the first evidence of a cave name in Germany (e.g. Tomasek , 1978; Reinboth, 1996).
• 1596 first mention of the grove in the decree for the mapping of the location of the Schwiegershausen cooperative forest.
• 1751 Samuel Christian Hollmann reports on bones found in the marl, which he identified as originating from the rhinoceros (Vladi, 1979).
• 1799 Johann Friedrich Blumenbach describes the woolly rhinoceros (today Coelodonta antiquitatis) as one of the first extinct large mammals based on the bones from the grove.
• In the 1920s and 1930s, Friedrich Stolberg examined the caves of the Hainholz and measured the Jettenhöhle and Marthahöhle. The grove appears in geological literature (Stolberg, 1926, 1936).
• In 1944 consideration was given to using the Jettenhöhle for war production.
• In 1954 Walter Gerd Bauer noted in the Schwiegerhäuser Heimatbuch that the area was a nature reserve as early as 1930.
• In 1963 the temporary security takes place. Fritz Reinboth applies to the Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers for a resolution on definitive protection. He investigates other caves in the area (Polenloch) (Reinboth, 1963).
• Rigips (Bodenwerder) and the forest cooperative as the owner conclude a "handshake agreement" on the mining rights of the area.
• 1966 Prof. Gerhard Richter-Bernburg from the Lower Saxony State Office recommends rejecting a compromise on the dismantling and maintenance of the entire area.
• October 5, 1967 final protection as a gypsum karst landscape Hainholz (Official Gazette of the Reg. Bez. Hildesheim No. 20/67 p. 130)
• 1967–68 Stephan Kempe , Peter Gürtler, Lutz Möller and Willi Twardosz measure the Jettenhöhle again by triangulation and become Hamburg state winners in youth research .
• 1969 Stephan Kempe is again the Hamburg youth research state winner with a work on the genesis of the plaster caves of the grove.
• In 1969 the Working Group for Lower Saxon Caves (ArgeNH) was founded, which mainly deals with the scientific investigation of grove wood.
• In 1969, 160 karst researchers signed a petition to preserve the grove during the International Speleological Congress in Stuttgart.
• In 1970 Stephan Kempe, Martin Seeger and Firouz Vladi geologically map the grove wood, which turns out to be a tectonic rift (later published with additions by Herrmann, 1981).
• In 1972 a book about the grove appears (Kempe et al., 1972).
• In 1973 Andreas Brandt, Stephan Kempe, Martin Seeger and Firouz Vladi von der ArgeNH investigated the hydrogeology of the grove (Brandt et al., 1976).
• 1974–1974 all bodies of water in the Hainholz are sampled every fortnight by the same operators (hydrogeological "lottery funds project") (Kempe, 1982).
• As part of his diploma thesis, Hans-Joachim Weinberg drills the Beierstein depression and works out its sinkhole genesis as an example (Weinberg, 1981).
• The protected status leads to legal proceedings that last for years, which ultimately lead to an out-of-court settlement between industry, owners and nature conservation. The Bundeswehr releases the Blossenberg for the gypsum industry and the forest cooperative is compensated with compensation areas.
• In 1990 the first circular hiking trail was set up.
• In 1995 the Hainholz is integrated into the Südharzer Karst hiking trail.
• June 29, 1997 a storm destroys almost all of the old beech trees in the grove.
• In 2000 a larger circular hiking trail was set up.
• In 2000 the area was expanded to a total of approx. 640 ha.

• 

  Visitor parking lot on the edge of the grove

• 

  Chimney in the ground

• 

  Entrance to the Jettenhöhle

• 

  The water-filled sinkhole horse pond

• 

  Jettenquelle

• 

  Clinker fountain

literature

• Friedrich Stolberg : The caves of the Harz. - Der Harz, 2nd special issue, Magdeburg, 40 pages, 1926.
• Friedrich Stolberg: Marthahöhle and clinker fountain near Düna on the southern Harz. - Mitt. And Karst and Speleology 1936 (1): 17-26, 1936.
• Fritz Reinboth: The Polenloch near Düna / Hörden. - Mitt. Verb. Dt. Höhlen- u. Karstf. 9, No. 1, 3–6, [4 fig.], Munich, 1963.
• Stephan Kempe , Erich Mattern, Fritz Reinboth, Martin Seeger, Firouz Vladi : The Jetten Cave near Düna and its surroundings . - Depending on karst and Speleology A6, 63 pp, Herzberg, 1972.
• Stephan Kempe: What about the grove? - Mitt. Verb. Dt. Höhlen- u. Karst research. 18: 11-14, 1972.
• Stephan Kempe, Andreas Brandt, Martin Seeger, Firouz Vladi: Five aspects of the development of the gypsum caves in Hainholz / Südharz. - Mitt. Verb. Dt. Höhlen- u. Karst research. 22: 7-10, 1976.
• Andreas Brandt, Stephan Kempe, Martin Seeger, Firouz Vladi: Geochemistry, hydrography and morphogenesis of the gypsum karst area of ​​Düna / southern Harz. - Geol. Jb. C 15: 3-55, 1976.
• Tomas Tomasek : The naming of the Jetten Cave. - Unser Harz 26 (11): 209-210, 1978.
• Firouz Vladi: The rhinoceros finds in Düna (NSG Hainholz) from 1751 - and their significance for the physical history of our planet. - Heimat Blätter für den Südwestlichen Harzrand 35: 63-74, 1979.
• Stephan Kempe, Kay Emeis: History of a chimney in the nature reserve Hainholz / Südharz. Home pages for the southwestern Harz border 35: 39-54, 1979.
• Stephan Kempe: The Hainholz gypsum karst area, danger for an important natural monument in the southern Harz. - Nature protection and nature parks 95: 33-40, 1979.
• Firouz Vladi: The rhinoceros finds at Düna (NSG Hainholz) from 1751 - and their significance for the "physical history of our planet" . - Heimatblätter for the southwestern edge of the Harz 35: 39-54, 1979.
• Axel Herrmann: A new geological map of the grove near Düna / Osterode am Harz. - Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover 124, 17–33, 2 illustrations, 2 ct., Hannover, 1981
• Firouz Vladi: Bibliography on the gypsum karst areas of Hainholz and Beierstein in the district of Osterode. Ber. natural history. Ges. Hannover 124: 195-218, 1981.
• Hans-Joachim Weinberg: The geological development of the Beierstein depression as a model for the young Quaternary morphogenesis in the gypsum karst region of Hainholz / Beierstein (southwestern Harz foreland). - Ber. naturhist. Ges. Hannover 124: 67-112, 1981.
• Stephan Kempe: Long-term records of CO2 pressure fluctuations in fresh waters. - Habilitation thesis. In: "Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers" , Pt. 1 (ed. ET Degens), Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg, SCOPE / UNEP special volume 52: 91-332, 1982.
• Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Rhinoceros in the Hainholz , pp. 16-18, in: If stones could talk. Volume I, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-7842-03973 .
• Fritz Reinboth: The history of cave research in the Harz. - Karst und Höhle, 1996, Karst und Höhle, 1994/95, (contribution to the history of karst and cave research in Germany, part 2), Munich: 63–80, 1996.
• Stephan Kempe: Gypsum karst of Germany. - In: Gypsum Karst of the World (A. Klimchouk, D. Lowe, A. Cooper & U. Sauro, eds.), Intern. J. Speleol. Spec. Issue Vol. 25 (3-4): 209-224, 1996.
• Stephan Kempe, Angela Helbing: The "size" of German plaster caves. - The Cave, 51 (1): 13-20, 2000.
• Stephan Kempe: Gypsum karst - an overview. - Excursion guide and publ. DGG, 235: 30-41 (5 figs., 1 tab., Hanover), 2008.
• Stephan Kempe: How deep is hypogene? Gypsum caves in the South Harz. - In: Klimchouk, A., Sasowsky, ID, Mylroie, J., Engel, SA, & Engel, AS (eds): Hypogene Cave Morphologies, Karst Waters Inst. Spec. Publ. 18: 57-64. (Proc. San Salvador, Bahamas Feb. 2-7, 2014), 2014.
• Petra Bordfeld: Hainholz nature reserve turns 50. - Harzkurier, Herzberg, p. 3, November 9, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Gipskarstlandschaft Hainholz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Hainholz at karstwanderweg.de
• Wind throw in the nature reserve at karstwanderweg.de
• Hainholz nature trail, 10 stations at karstwanderweg.de
• Nature reserve "Gipskarstlandschaft Hainholz" in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN)
• Literature on the nature reserve "Gipskarstlandschaft Hainholz" at the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation
• Karst morphological mapping of the grove

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ina Begemann: Palynological studies on the history of the environment and settlement in the southwestern Harz foreland (including geochemical findings) , dissertation on obtaining a doctorate from the mathematical and natural science faculties of the Georg-August University in Göttingen, Göttingen 2003, page 45, web link ( Memento of October 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (pdf, 2890kB)
2. ↑ Nature reserve "Gipskarstlandschaft Hainholz". Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, accessed on November 9, 2010 . 
3. ↑ Nature reserve "Gipskarstlandschaft Hainholz". (No longer available online.) Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, formerly the original ; Retrieved November 9, 2010 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.