Gloriosa (genus)

Gloriosa
	Crown of Fame ( Gloriosa superba )
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Lily-like (Liliales)
Family :	Timeless plants (Colchicaceae)
Genre :	Gloriosa
Scientific name
	Gloriosa
	L.

The plant genus Gloriosa belongs to the timeless family (Colchicaceae). There are about twelve species common in the Old World .

description

Crown of Fame rhizomes ( Gloriosa superba )

Long-stalked flower bud and flowers of the crown of glory ( Gloriosa superba )

Fruit with seeds of the crown of glory ( Gloriosa superba )

Illustration of Gloriosa modesta

Gloriosa modesta

Crown of Fame flower ( Gloriosa superba )

Appearance and leaves

Gloriosa species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . As storage organs, these geophytes form underground, thick, bulbous rhizomes on which there are fiber roots. The bare or papillous -flaumig hairy stems are branched depending on the type self-erect or rambling and sometimes.

Lower leaves (cataphylls) are often present. The alternate and more or less double-spaced, opposite or in whorls arranged on the stem leaves have a leaf sheath and are sessile stalked short to very. The simple leaf blades are egg-shaped, lanceolate, linear or sub-like, depending on the species. The leaf blades have many parallel veins and often a clear central vein is present. The leaf blades end in the climbing species ( e.g. Gloriosa modesta , Gloriosa superba ) in a tendril .

Inflorescence and flower

The flowers are individually in the leaf axils or in several clustered inflorescences . The bracts are similar to foliage. The flower stalks are usually long. The flowers are often pendulous, nodding and sometimes resupinate (reversal of the flower by turning the pedicel).

The showy, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six identical bloom cladding sheets are mostly free or, in some species, briefly fused at their base, spread out to the ends, bent back and usually durable until the fruits enlarge. Nectaries and often white hairs are found on the barely recognizable bulging base of the bracts. There are two circles with three stamens each. The free stamens inserted at the base of the bracts are thread-like or sometimes flattened. The dorsifix anthers are narrow, linear-elongated, freely movable, curved outwards and open with longitudinal slits. Three carpels are a seated, ovate to oblong, dreikammerigen ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains many ovules . In some species (for example Gloriosa baudii , Gloriosa superba ) the stylus sits at a right angle on the ovary. The relatively long, thin stylus is simple in the lower area and then becomes three-forked towards the upper end; the awkward stylus branches have scar tissue on the upper side.

Fruit and seeds

The loculicidal, egg-shaped to elongated capsule fruits have a leathery skin and contain many seeds. The almost spherical seeds are fleshy and have a bright red or orange seed coat (testa).

Systematics and distribution

The Gloriosa species are widespread in the Old World . Ten species are found in southern and tropical Africa and only two in tropical Asia . Half of the species are endemic or have a relatively small range.

The genus Gloriosa was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 305. Type species is Gloriosa superba . The generic name Gloriosa is derived from the Latin word gloriosus and refers to the magnificent appearance of the flowers. Synonyms for Gloriosa L. are: Methonica Gagnebin , Mendoni Adans. , Eugone Salisb. , Clinostylis Hochst. , Littonia Hook.

Since Vinnersten & Reeves 2003 and Vinnersten & Manning 2007, the species of the genus Littonia belong to the genus Gloriosa s. l. so that this is monophyletic . 78 Gloriosa species names have been published. In the new revision Alfred Maroyi: The genus Gloriosa (Colchicaceae) - ethnobotany, phylogeny and taxonomy , doctoral thesis at Wageningen University, 2012 twelve species are accepted.

The genus Gloriosa belongs to the tribe Colchiceae within the family Colchicaceae ; it was formerly part of the Liliaceae family.

There are about twelve species of Gloriosa :

Gloriosa baudii (A. Terracc.) Chiov. : It occurs only in arid areas in southern Ethiopia , Somalia and Kenya .
Gloriosa carsonii Baker : It occurs from Sudan to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Namibia .
Gloriosa flavovirens (Dammer) JCManning & Vinn. : This endemic occurs only in the Malange region in Angola .
Gloriosa lindenii (Baker) JCManning & Vinn. (Syn .: Gloriosa katangensis Maroyi ): It occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi , Tanzania and Zambia .
Gloriosa littonioides (Welw. Ex Baker) JCManning & Vinn. : It occurs in Angola, Malawi, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Zambia.
Gloriosa modesta (Hook.) JCManning & Vinn. (Syn .: Littonia keitii Leichtlin , Littonia modesta Hook. ): Their distribution area extends from Zimbabwe to southern Africa. It is rated in the Red List of South African Plant Species as “least concern” = “not endangered”.
Gloriosa revoilii (Franch.) JCManning & Vinn. : This species is only found in Djibouti , Ethiopia, Somalia and southern Yemen .
Gloriosa rigidifolia (Bredell) JCManning & Vinn. : This endemic occurs only in Limpopo . It is rated in the Red List of South African Plant Species as “least concern” = “not endangered”.
Gloriosa sessiliflora Nordal & Bingham : It occurs only in Zambia, in the Bié region in Angola and in the Caprivi Strip of Namibia.
Gloriosa simplex L .: It occurs in tropical and southern Africa and Madagascar .
Crown of Fame ( Gloriosa superba L. ): It is widespread in Southeast Asia , Malesia , southern and tropical Africa. It comes naturally in Sri Lanka , India , Nepal , Myanmar , Thailand , Cambodia , Laos , Vietnam, southern Yunnan , Malaysia , Indonesia , Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan , Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda , Senegal , Mozambique , Botswana , Namibia, South Africa , Swaziland and Madagascar. In many areas of the tropics and subtropics it is a neophyte . It is rated in the Red List of South African Plant Species as “least concern” = “not endangered”.

use

Crown of fame ( Gloriosa superba ) is used as an ornamental plant in tropical parks and gardens, as well as in rooms. Also Gloriosa modesta is used as an ornamental plant.

Gloriosa superba is used in folk medicine.

literature

Alfred Maroyi: The genus Gloriosa (Colchicaceae) - ethnobotany, phylogeny and taxonomy : PhD thesis, May 29, 2012, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 194 pages: full text PDF. (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Gloriosa , p. 158 - same text online as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
GJ Harden: Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online . (Section description)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gloriosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 29, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Gloriosa , p. 158 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d GJ Harden: Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online . last accessed on March 18, 2013
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Alfred Maroyi: The genus Gloriosa (Colchicaceae) - ethnobotany, phylogeny and taxonomy : Doctoral thesis, May 29, 2012, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 194 pages: full text PDF.
↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
^ Gloriosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 18, 2013.
^ ^A ^b ^c Gloriosa in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry in Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved March 18, 2013.
↑ Gloriosa superba - data sheet at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk = PIER . Retrieved March 18, 2013.
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (pages 408 and 536).

Web links

Commons : Gloriosa - collection of images, videos and audio files

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gloriosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 29, 2018.

[FoC-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Gloriosa , p. 158 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5

[NSWFo-3] GJ Harden: Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online . last accessed on March 18, 2013

[Maroyi2012-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Alfred Maroyi: The genus Gloriosa (Colchicaceae) - ethnobotany, phylogeny and taxonomy : Doctoral thesis, May 29, 2012, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 194 pages: full text PDF.

[biodiversitylibrary-5] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[tropicos-6] Gloriosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 18, 2013.

[GRIN-7] A ^b ^c Gloriosa in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 18, 2013.

[redlistSA-8] Entry in Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved March 18, 2013.

[PIER-9] Gloriosa superba - data sheet at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk = PIER . Retrieved March 18, 2013.

[Botanica2003-10] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (pages 408 and 536).