Border Convention between Prussia and France

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The Border Convention between Prussia and France was an agreement between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Kingdom of France of October 23, 1829 on the course of the border between the two states. The definition of the border line replaced the previous definition by the Second Paris Peace of 1815 and a related declaration by the two states of 1827. Since then, the Convention of 1829 has determined the course of the French - with the exception of the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871 and 1920 Eastern border in this border section. The border convention between Bavaria and France regulated the course of the French eastern border towards the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1825 .

prehistory

After the defeats of Napoleon and the end of the First Empire , the borders of France were first redefined in the First Peace of Paris of 1814 and then in the Second Peace of Paris in 1815. In the Second Peace of Paris, France was drawn into the borders of 1790. For this purpose, France had to cede several fortresses, including Philippeville , Mariembourg , Saarlouis and Landau in the Palatinate with their surrounding area. The wording of the treaty of 1815 described the course of the new French state border from Perl on the Moselle to the confluence of the Lauter into the Rhine as follows (in contemporary translation, with distorted place names):

"From Perle it runs through Launsdorf , Wallwick , Schardorff , Niederweiling , Pellweiler , so that all these villages with their parishes remain in France, up to Houvre , and then follows the former borders of the Principality of Saarbrücken , in such a way that Saar-Louis , and the course of the Saar with the localities and their parishes lying to the right of the line indicated above remain outside the French borders. Of the boundaries of the former Principality of Saarbrücken, the demarcation line remains the one that currently separates Germany from the departments of the Moselle and the Lower Rhine , up to the Lauter , which also forms the boundary up to its outflow into the Rhine. "

There was a discrepancy between the wording of the treaty and the area that Prussia had actually occupied and incorporated into its national territory in 1815 with regard to an area in the corner between Saar and Blies , including the communities of Kleinblittersdorf and Auersmacher , the hamlets of Rilchingen and Hanweiler and the At that time the Wintringer Hof leasehold . The area had belonged to the territory of the Counts von der Leyen in the Holy Roman Empire and not to France in 1790 , but the wording of the treaty of 1815 had to be interpreted to mean that it belonged to France and not to Prussia, namely in the First Peace of Paris had stayed with France from 1814.

Declaration of 1827

In a declaration signed in Paris on June 11, 1827, Prussia and France compared with each other regarding the French claim to the disputed area in the corner between Saar and Blies as follows: Prussia retains the area, France definitely renounces its claim, France receives in return from Prussia four other villages, namely Merten , Biblingen , Flatten and Gongelfangen . The two states also declared that where the Saar and Blies formed the border between Prussia and France, the valley path should be the border line. The declaration, signed by the Prussian ambassador in Paris von Werther and Étienne Charles de Damas for the French side, came into force in 1827.

Convention of 1829

Now the way was clear for a definitive definition of the entire mutual boundary line. The relevant negotiations between the Cologne District President Heinrich Delius (whose delegate was the Saarbrücken District Administrator Wilhelm Heinrich Dern ) and the colonel in the engineering corps Etienne Nicolas Rousseau (whose delegate was the battalion chief Gaspard Réné Riollay) led to a convention that was signed on October 23, 1829 in Saarbrücken by the Prussian authorized representative Delius and the French authorized representative Rousseau and entered into force on December 2, 1829 after the confirmation documents were exchanged in Metz . The agreement comprised 19 articles. It was supplemented by two lists of all places on the Prussian and French side of the border. Once again, the valley paths of the Saar and Blies rivers were set as border lines and an exchange of areas was agreed in the following way to define the border line:

Prussia gave six villages and parts of the district of other villages to France:

  1. Mandern with its district
  2. Scheuerwald with part of its territory
  3. Remelsdorf with its district
  4. part of the spell of Him
  5. Heiningen with part of its territory
  6. part of the spell of Leidingen
  7. Schrecklinge with its district
  8. Willingen and its district

France handed over a mill and parts of the district of other villages to Prussia:

  1. Parts of the district of Launsdorf
  2. Part of the area around Waldwiese
  3. A small part of the district of Heiningen
  4. The Gersweiler mill near Bliesgersweiler

Prussia kept the Diersdorfer Hof, which had previously belonged to the Schwerdorff community , and the Warndtwald with the Warndthof , which had previously belonged to the Creutzwald community .

A related map also shows the handover of Burg Esch and Otzweiler (both municipality of Schwerdorff ) from Prussia to France.

European Saar Statute

On the 125th anniversary of the Convention of October 23, 1829, on October 23, 1954, the French Prime Minister Pierre Mendès France and the German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer signed a European statute for the Saarland within the framework of the Western European Union , the so-called " Saar Statute " was rejected by the Saar population with a large majority in the planned referendum a year later on October 23, 1955. The rejection of the Saar Statute by the Saar population cleared the way for the integration of the Saarland into West Germany , the "small reunification".

literature

  • Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States , Berlin 1830, No. 6, pp. 25–45. On-line
  • The borders in the Saar region in 1790, 1814 and 1815 . In: Bruno Aust, Hans-Walter Herrmann , Heinz Quasten: The becoming of the Saarland - 500 years in cards . Volume 45 of the publications of the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2008, pp. 160–162 (with map), ISBN 978-3-923877-45-4 , ISSN  0537-801X .

supporting documents

  1. ^ Second Peace of Paris from November 20, 1815 at staatsvertraege.de
  2. ^ First Paris Peace of May 30, 1814 at staatsvertraege.de
  3. ↑ a b Law Collection for the Royal Prussian States , Berlin 1830, No. 6, pp. 25–45. On-line
  4. ↑ The borders in the Saar area 1790, 1814 and 1815 . In: Bruno Aust, Hans-Walter Herrmann , Heinz Quasten: The becoming of the Saarland - 500 years in cards . Volume 45 of the publications of the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2008, pp. 160–162 (with map), ISBN 978-3-923877-45-4 , ISSN  0537-801X .

Web links

See also