Gustav Schürmann

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Gustav Schürmann, around 1920

Gustav Schürmann (born May 17, 1872 in Isselhorst ; † December 18, 1962 in Leipzig ) was an engineer , formerly a German automobile designer and entrepreneur , who worked for the Eisenach AG and Dux-Automobil-Werke AG , among others .

life and work

first construction, 1888

Gustav Schürmann was born the son of Luise and Wilhelm Schürmann; his father was a locksmith , mechanic and later a machine manufacturer and foundry owner in Isselhorst, Westphalia . While he was still attending the village school , at the age of 16, he built a working petrol engine with 0.25 hp , which he mounted on a stroller frame. After his time as an apprentice in his father's foundry and machine factory, Schürmann attended the Technikum in Einbeck , a higher technical school for mechanical and electrical engineering . This training period was interrupted by a two-year military service in the 4th Lorraine Infantry Regiment No. 136 in Dieuze .

In 1897 he finished the technical college degree in Einbeck as a mechanical engineer and was for two years a first job in the original by Michael Flürscheim founded ironworks Gaggenau , where he worked as a designer of machine tools and steam engines worked. Even here he was busy building small engines for two-wheelers . From October 1899 to the beginning of 1903 Schürmann worked in the HELIOS bicycle works Bilgeri, Wurzer & Co. in Bregenz - Laiblach , where he was responsible for the newly created production line for HELIOS motor vehicles . Already in 1900, developed by him was Voirturette with rear-wheel drive and belt drive introduced, a second car with front-wheel drive followed in 1902. In addition, were Schürmann three separate trucks built and by him at least two motorcycles designed the engines themselves were from the Fabrique de Moteurs et de Machines ZL (Zedel) sourced from Switzerland .

Immediately after his time in Bregenz, Schürmann took over the organization of production in the production facilities of the Eisenach AG vehicle factory in 1903 . Here he was also jointly responsible for the construction of Dixi automobiles. In 1904 he was a co-founder of the Automobiltechnische Gesellschaft , which later became the VDI Society for Vehicle and Traffic Technology. In 1905 Gustav Schürman married Marie Kellermann (1881–1965) from Einbeck in Isselhorst, and the marriage resulted in several children.

In 1908 he ended his activities in Eisenach and started working with the Polyphonic music works AG in truth in Leipzig, which since 1904 with the licensed production of Polymobils Gazelle after the Curved Dash Oldsmobile Runabout from Oldsmobile manufactured vehicles. Schürmann became head, chief designer and authorized signatory of the automotive department. In the year of his employment, he expanded the production facilities into a modern automobile factory for efficient series production. In 1909 the first in-house development was presented under the name Dux , in 1913 he developed the first Dux truck with a 3-ton payload . In 1916, Dux Automobilwerke AG was founded as an independent company, and Schürmann became a member of the board and a senior factory director. In addition to normal passenger cars, he subsequently designed and built, among other things, business vehicles , omnibuses , emergency vehicles for fire brigade , police and ambulance services . In 1919 he joined the German Automobile Group (DAK) with Dux Automobilwerke AG , a joint sales organization that existed until 1926 together with Presto , Magirus and Vomag . In 1926 the Presto-Werke Günther & Co. took over Dux, which in turn was bought by the National Automobile Company (NAG) in 1927 . After the truck department of NAG merged with Heinrich Büssing Automobilwerke AG to form Büssing-NAG, Vereinigte Nutzkraftwagen AG in 1931 , Schürmann continued to build light trucks for Büssing in Leipzig as works manager. In 1933 he became a board member at Büssing, among other things, Schürmann developed and produced trucks for the Wehrmacht in Leipzig and, since 1938, the chassis of an armored reconnaissance vehicle . In 1940 he left the Büssing board at his own request, and until he retired in 1945 he was in charge of the Leipzig plant.

Vehicle constructions (selection)

Type Construction period cylinder Displacement power Vmax transmission Weight payload
HELIOS light motorcycle approx. 1903-1904 1 170 cc 1 hp (0.74 kW) 020 km / h 1 forward gear
HELIOS light motorcycle approx. 1903-1904 1 205 cc 1.5 HP (1.1 kW) 046 kg
Dux type E12 (6/12 HP) 1909-1913 4 row 1546 cc 18 hp (13.2 kW) 055 km / h 3-speed 0850 kg
Dux type D12 (6/16 hp) 1910-1912 4 row 1546 cc 18 hp (13.2 kW) 060 km / h 3-speed 0950 kg
Dux type G21 (8/22 hp) 1910-1913 4 row 2038 cc 21 hp (15.4 kW) 070 km / h 4-speed 1050 kg
Dux type F6 torpedo double phaeton (6/18 hp) 1912-1920 4 row 1546 cc 18 hp (13.2 kW) 070 km / h 3-speed 0970 kg
Dux type K24 (9/24 HP) 1912-1918 4 row 2125 cc 24–28 PS (19.1–20.6 kW) 080 km / h 4-speed 1025 kg
Dux type G10 (10/30 hp) 1912-1918 4 row 2597 cc 30 HP (22 kW) 080 km / h 4-speed 1225 kg
Dux LT truck (10/30 hp) from approx. 1912 654 cc 30 HP (22 kW) 1000 kg
Dux truck LI (17/40 hp) from approx. 1914 2000 cc 40 hp (29.4 kW) 2000 kg
Dux lorry LO (22/50 hp) from approx. 1914 1430 cc 50 HP (37 kW) 3000 kg
Dux truck ALZ (24/55 hp) from approx. 1914 1560 cc 55 PS (40.5 kW) 4000 kg
Dux type S (17/50 hp) 1920-1924 4 row 4396 cc 50 HP (37 kW) 100 km / h 4-speed 1720 kg
Dux type R (17/70 hp) 1924-1926 6 row 4433 cc 70 hp (44 kW) 110 km / h 4-speed 1850 kg
  • Selection of constructions by Gustav Schürmann

  • Dux type type E12, 1909

  • Dux type D12, around 1910

  • Dux type K24, 1911

  • Dux company car, 1917

  • Dux lorry type LO, 1917

  • Dux Omnibus, 1917

  • Dux type R, 1924

Races (selection)

Schürmann himself took part in races and races that were driven with touring cars he (co) designed :

Honor

In 1925, Schürmann received the honorary title of Doctor of Engineer from the Technical University of Karlsruhe . H.

literature

  • DUX lorry 1917 . A. Wohlfeld, Magdeburg 1917.
  • Walter Lange: Gustav Schürmann . Otto Koch, Leipzig 1933, DNB 361133375 .
  • Peter Kirchberg: The forgotten and the unforgotten. 2 historical portraits. Wilhelm Maybach , Gustav Schürmann . In: Motor-Jahr 1982. An international review . Transpress, VEB Publishing House for Transport, Berlin 1982, ISSN  0232-4148 .
  • Ulrich Krüger: From the horse-drawn carriage to the "torpedo double phaeton". The early days of car production in Leipzig . In: Leipziger Blätter 47 (2005), ISSN  0232-7244 , pp. 22-25.
  • Hans Christoph von Seherr-Thoss : Schürmann, Gustav . In: New German Biography . Volume 23: Schinzel - Black. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 646-647. ( online in Deutsche Biographie , accessed on March 14, 2020)
  • Mathias Vogel: The history of the HELIOS bicycle factory in Bregenz-Laiblach . In: The bone shaker. Magazine for lovers of historic bicycles 66 (2018), ISSN  1430-2543 , pp. 4–9. ( online as pdf, 3.6 MB, accessed on March 14, 2020)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans Christoph von Seherr-Thoss 2007, p. 646.
  2. ↑ Walter Lange 1933, p. 4 f.
  3. ↑ Walter Lange 1933, p. 7 f.
  4. ↑ Walter Lange 1933, p. 9 f.
  5. ↑ Mathias Vogel 2018, p. 7 f.
  6. ↑ a b Walter Lange 1933, p. 11.
  7. ↑ Ulrich Krüger 2005, p. 24.
  8. ↑ Walter Lange 1933, p. 15.
  9. ↑ Personnel u. Business notes . In: Zeitschrift für Instrumentenbau 37 (1916/1917), p. 11 ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , accessed on March 21, 2020); Walter Lange 1933, p. 17.
  10. ↑ DUX trucks 1917 , p. 17 f.
  11. ↑ a b Hans Christoph von Seherr-Thoss 2007, p. 647.
  12. ↑ Ulrich Krüger 2005, p. 25.
  13. ↑ unless otherwise stated: Walter Lange 1933, p. 14.
  14. ↑ Ulf von Malberg: The history of the Herkomer competition - a centenary event for automobile sport. In: Herkomer competition. City of Landsberg am Lech, accessed on March 18, 2020 .
  15. ↑ The first Kesselberg races in 1905 a. 07. In: Walchensee Museum. Retrieved March 18, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Schürmann, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Engineer, formerly a German automobile designer and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH May 17, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Isselhorst
DATE OF DEATH 18th December 1962
Place of death Leipzig