Gustav von Below (General, 1791)

Gustav Friedrich Eugen von Below (born March 7, 1791 on Trakehnen ; † November 30, 1852 in Königsberg ) was a Prussian lieutenant general and member of the East Prussian provincial assembly .

Life

origin

Gustav was a son of Friedrich Karl Ludwig von Below (1750-1848) and his wife Friederike Charlotte, born Freiin von Stiern (April 1, 1770, † September 14, 1828). His father was a prime lieutenant a. D. , most recently in the "von Hertzberg" dragoon regiment , Prussian land stableman in Trakehnen and Mr. on Lugowen .

Military career

Below took effect on July 1, 1805 as Junker in the Dragoon Regiment "Auer" the Prussian army , and came after the Peace of Tilsit as a second lieutenant in late December 1807, the East Prussian Küsassier Regiment . In 1810/11 he was sent to the General War School for further training and in 1812 took part in the Prussian campaign on the staff of General von Massenbach . Below fought at Eckau, Mesothen and Friedrichstadt and was awarded the order Pour le Mérite for his behavior on October 19, 1812 .

On July 22, 1813 Below was transferred to the adjutantage. During the Wars of Liberation he fought in the battles near Großgörschen , Bautzen , on the Katzbach (wounded), Laon , Paris and Belle Alliance as well as the battles near Danniglow , Alsleben, Königswartha, Löwenberg, Saint-Dizier , La Chaussee, Chalons, Mery, Berry -au-Bac, Fere-Champenoise and Claye . For Großgörschen, Below received the Iron Cross II. Class and the Order of St. Vladimir IV. Class, and for Belle Alliance Iron Cross I. Class. During that time he was promoted to Prime Lieutenant on January 10, 1814, and to Staff Assistant on April 11, 1814 . On March 30, 1815, he was transferred to the General Staff and on June 7, 1815, he was promoted to Rittmeister .

As a major , Below was commanded to Crown Prince Wilhelm on December 15, 1819 , as his previous adjutant, Colonel Wilhelm von Schack, was seriously ill. On March 30, 1821, he was transferred to the General Staff of the II Army Corps . This was followed from April 5, 1830 to February 2, 1833 as a department head in the Great General Staff . Awarded the Order of St. John and the Service Cross , Below then took over command of the 1st Hussar Regiment . In this position he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on March 30, 1834 and a year later with a patent from April 16, 1835 to colonel . On September 30, 1835 he received the Order of St. Anne II. Class. At the request of the Crown Prince, Below was appointed second adjutant on May 5, 1838 and aggregated to the 1st Hussar Regiment . On July 2, 1839 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Guelph Order . After the accession of the previous Crown Prince to the throne as King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Below was appointed as his wing adjutant on June 13, 1840 with an annual allowance of 800 thalers. In this position he was awarded the Commander-in-Chief of the Order of Merit by Saint Michael on January 28, 1841 . On April 7, 1842 Below was promoted to major general à la suite of the king. At his own request, he was released from his position as a wing adjutant and on November 16, 1848, was appointed commander of the 1st division . On November 17, 1848, he received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword and on May 8, 1849, he was promoted to lieutenant general. Due to illness, Below took his leave on November 9, 1852 with the statutory pension . The king then paid tribute to him by awarding him the Order of the Red Eagle First Class with Oak Leaves. He died on November 30, 1852 in Königsberg.

politics

Below was the master of Rutzau (Rzucewo) and Schlatau (Putzig district). From 1831 to 1843 he was a member of the Provincial Parliament of the Province of Prussia for the status of knighthood of West Prussia. In 1842 he was a member of the united estates committees. From 1849 to 1851 he was a member of the 2nd Prussian Chamber for the electoral district of Danzig, Neustadt district. In 1850 he was a member of the Volkshaus of the Erfurt Union Parliament .

Puppet show

Surprisingly, Below also made a contribution in the field of puppetry. In 1832 he had the puppet show Doctor Faust or the great Negromanist printed. It was a collector's edition of 24 copies that he sent to friends. It is the first work of its kind and therefore of great value in terms of puppy play history.

family

Below married Emma Karoline Friederike Alexandrine Countess von Keyserlingk on August 26, 1820 (* April 26, 1800, † December 6, 1856). The couple had several children:

• Karl Emil Gustav (* July 4, 1821; † November 30, 1871), Lord of Rutzau and Schlatau ⚭ Eleonore Melitta Behrend (1829–1875)
• Lydia (* 1822; † Young)
• Emma (September 24, 1823 - June 13, 1883)
• Friedrich Karl Bogislav (* September 5, 1825 - February 14, 1875), Herr auf Serpenten ⚭ 1853 Maria Karoline Elisabeth von der Goltz (* October 14, 1835 - June 5, 1905). She was a daughter of Ferdinand von der Goltz (1792-1859) and Karoline von Götzen (1807-1884). The later constitutional and economic historian Georg von Below (1858–1927) emerged from the marriage.
• Gertrud Adelheid Clementine (* March 16, 1827 - March 18, 1857) ⚭ 1852 Graf Hermann von Itzenplitz (* January 27, 1824 - September 14, 1888), Herr auf Sülldorf, Prussian district administrator
• Cecilie Karoline (February 11, 1830 - February 15, 1862) ⚭ 1854 Count Leonhard von Klinckowström (* June 20, 1818 - March 18, 1868)
• Felix Otto (September 11, 1832 - December 15, 1852), lieutenant
• Hugo Theodor (born April 27, 1835 - † June 3, 1857)

literature

• Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldier leadership . Volume 6, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1938], DNB 367632810 , pp. 62-63, no. 1697.
• Oskar Pusch: Von Below: a German gender from d. Baltic region. P. 491f.
• Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses 1902. Third volume, p. 79f.
• German Biographical Encyclopedia. Aachen – Braniss. 2nd edition, p. 513.
• Jochen Lengemann : The German Parliament (Erfurt Union Parliament) from 1850. A manual: Members, officials, life data, parliamentary groups (= publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia. Large series, Vol. 6). Urban & Fischer, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-437-31128-X , pp. 75-76.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Augsburger Postzeitung. 1841, p. 238.
2. ^ Gerd Taube: Puppetry as a cultural-historical phenomenon. 1995, ISBN 3110935120 , p. 30.
3. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses for the year 1872. P. 373.