Hampton University

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
formerly: Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
Hampton Institute
motto The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life
founding 1868
Sponsorship Private
place Hampton , Virginia
president William R. Harvey
Annual budget $ 263.2 million
Website www.hamptonu.edu

Hampton University (also: HU, Home by the Sea ) is a historically black private university in Hampton (Virginia) , United States . It was founded in 1868 by black and white heads of the American Missionary Association (AMA) when they wanted to promote the education of freedmen (freed slaves) after the American Civil War . From 1878 a program for Indians was also offered, which ran until 1923.

history

The campus, which looks south across the harbor from Hampton Roads , was built on the land of the former Little Scotland plantation . It belongs to the former Elizabeth City County and was not far from the Fortress Monroe and the Grand Contraband Camp . These buildings symbolized freedom for former slaves who sought refuge with the Union troops during the first year of the war.

The American Missionary Association responded to the needs of the ex-slaves in 1861 by hiring the first teacher, Mary Smith Peake , who had previously secretly taught slaves and free blacks in the area, despite the law that prohibited it. She first taught for the AMA on September 17, 1861, and it is said that she gathered her students under a large oak tree. This tree was also the place where the Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed in the former Confederate States of America in 1863 and was therefore also called Emancipation Oak . The tree is now a symbol of the university and the city and is part of the National Historic Landmark District of Hampton University.

The Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School (later the Hampton Institute ) was officially established in 1868. The founding fathers of the AMA belonged to both "races" and were mainly clergy from congregational congregations and Presbyterian churches . The first director was the former Brevet - Unions -General Samuel Chapman Armstrong . The school's famous alumni include Booker T. Washington , an educator who started the Tuskegee Institute , another college sponsored by the AMA.

Civil war time

During the Civil War (1861-1865), the Union-occupied Fortress Monroe in southeast Virginia at the mouth of the Hampton Roads was a gathering place and a refuge for all "fugitive slaves". The commander, General Benjamin Franklin Butler , stated that they war contraband were ( "contraband of war"). In doing so, he protected them from having to be returned to their "owners", who asserted their claims. As many people fleeing to freedom came behind the lines of the Union Army, the army set up the Grand Contraband Camp for them, using materials taken from the ruins of Hampton after the Confederates burned the city on their retreat. The camp was later named "Slabtown" (German for "board town").

After the war: Teaching Teachers

Hampton Institute, 1898.
A class in mathematical geography, 1899.

After the war, a normal school (teacher training school) was established in 1868 with Samuel Armstrong as headmaster. The new school was built on the site of a former plantation called Little Scotland that had access to Hampton Roads . The first school buildings were built on the banks of the Hampton River. Legal recognition followed in 1870 as a land grant school under the name "Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute".

As with many of the historically black colleges, Hampton received a large portion of its funding in the post-Civil War years from the American Missionary Association , other church organizations, and former Union Army officers and soldiers. One of the veterans who donated a significant amount to the school was General William Jackson Palmer , a cavalry commander from Philadelphia . He later built the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad and founded Colorado Springs , Colorado . When the Civil War began, Palmer entered the war despite loathing violence because of his upbringing as a Quaker . Despite everything, his desire to give slaves freedom moved him to go to war. He received a Medal of Honor for valor in 1894, and the on-campus Palmer Hall was named after him.

Lessons for bricklayers 1899.

Unlike the wealthy Palmer, Sam Armstrong was the son of a missionary in the Sandwich Islands (later the US state of Hawaii ). He had dreams about improving the living conditions for the freedmen. He designed the new school on the model of his father's school, who had designed the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic for the Polynesians. But he also wanted to teach skills that were necessary for blacks to lead a self-determined and financially independent life. Under his leadership, Hampton-style education became known as training that combined both cultural and manual skills with moral instruction. Armstrong described it as an education that included "head, heart and hand".

At the end of the first decade of its existence, the school had a total of 927 students and 277 graduates, all but 17 of whom had become teachers. Many of them had bought land and settled down; many were farming and teaching on the side. Some had entered the commercial trade. Only a marginal part of the graduates missed the start of a regular life. Another 10 years later there were already 600 graduates. In 1888, three quarters of the 537 graduates still alive were still teaching, and about half of the undergraduates were also teaching. An estimated 15,000 children in community schools were taught by Hampton students that year.

Booker T. Washington: Spread of Educational Work

One of the first students at Hampton was Booker T. Washington , who arrived from West Virginia in 1872 at the age of 16 . He worked his way through the Hampton education and then went to Wayland Seminary in Washington DC After graduation, he went back to Hampton and became a teacher. On the recommendation of Sam Armstrong to the founder Lewis Adams and others, Washington was sent to Alabama in 1881 to lead another new normal school. This new institution evolved into Tuskegee University . Washington adopted a large part of Armstrong's ideas and made Tuskegee a groundbreaking institution, making it nationally famous as an educator, speaker and fundraiser. At the beginning of the 20th century he worked with the philanthropist Julius Rosenwald to create a school model for rural schools for people of color. To do this, Rosenwald set up a fund that doubled funds raised by communities. With this money, more than 5,000 schools for colored (black) children were built in rural areas, especially in the south. Washington also hired his Hampton (1875) classmate, Charles W. Greene, to work on Tuskegee in 1888, where he founded the Agriculture Department .

Native Americans

In 1878, Hampton also started a formal education program for Native Americans . Because as early as 1875, at the end of the American Indian Wars , the United States Army sent 72 warriors from the tribes of the Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche and Caddo Nations into captivity and exile to St. Augustine, Florida. At first they were meant to be hostages to have some leverage for their tribes in the west to keep peace. Richard Henry Pratt oversaw them at Fort Marion and began training them in English and American culture. Many visitors who came to St. Augustine from the north were interested in their lot and stepped in as teachers. They also donated materials for arts and crafts, and some of the resulting works (including by David Pendleton Oakerhater ) are now in the Smithsonian Institution's collection . At the end of the holding period, Pratt convinced seventeen of you to study at the Hampton Institute. (Pratt later founded the Carlisle Indian Industrial School , which is based on the same educational idea). A total of seventy Native Americans, young men and women from various tribes, primarily from the Plains Indian tribes and less from the acculturated tribes who had lived in Virginia, were admitted to the first class. Because Virginia's aristocrats sometimes boast of their Indian ancestry through Pocahontas , it was hoped that the Indian students would help local residents better accept the university's black students. In return, the blacks were expected to "civilize" the Indians, while the Native Americans could "raise the Negros".

The program faltered in 1923 after a growing controversy over racial intermingling arose. Native Americans stopped sending boys to school after some employers fired Native Americans for training with blacks. The last director of the program resigned because she could not rule out "amalgamation" between the Native American girls and the black boys.

Name change, expansion and community

Library entrance

Hampton Normal and the Agricultural Institute merged in 1930 to form the Hampton Institute. In 1931 the George P. Phenix School opened for all ages under the headmaster Ian Ross . A new nursing school was attached to Dixie Hospital . Nina Gage became director there. After further departments and graduate programs had been set up, it was accredited in 1984 as "Hampton University". Originally, the site was in Elizabeth City County , then belonged to the Town of Phoebus (founded in 1900) and since Phoebus was combined with Elizabeth City County and the neighboring City of Hampton to form a larger Independent City (1952), it has belonged to their urban area. The City of Hampton uses the Emancipation Oak in its official seal. From 1960 to 1970, Jerome H. Holland , the diplomat and educator, was President of the Hampton Institute. Student protests broke out in early 2018.

campus

Hampton University aerial view

A National Historic Landmark District on campus is 15 acres (6 hectares) along the Hampton River. Buildings belonging to the National Historic Landmark District: Virginia-Cleveland Hall (girls' dormitory, built 1873), Wigwam Building (administration building), Academy Building (administration building), Memorial Chapel (religious events), Marquand Memorial Chapel , a chapel in Romanesque Revival style of brick with a 46 m (150 ft) high tower; Ogden , and the President's Mansion House (originally Little Scotland's Plantation Residence). The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

The original high school building on campus became Phenix Hall when Hampton City Public Schools opened a new Phenix High School in 1959 . Phenix Hall was damaged by fire on June 12, 2008.

The Hampton University Museum was founded in 1868 and is the oldest African-American museum in the United States. The museum has more than 9,000 exhibits. There are also 16 Research Centers on campus and the four libraries are the William R. and Norma B. Harvey Library , William H. Moses Jr. Architecture Library , the Music Library, and the Nursing Library .

The Emancipation Oak has been named one of the 10 Great Trees in the World by the National Geographic Society . The waterfront section of the campus is near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay .

students

In 2015, nearly two-thirds of students were female, approximately 90% of the student body identify as "Black" and 32% are residents of Virginia.

Education

Hampton University is divided into 11 accredited schools and colleges:

  • School of Engineering and Technology
  • School of Pharmacy
  • School of Business
  • School of Education and Human Development
  • School of Journalism and Communication
  • School of Nursing
  • School of Liberal Arts
  • School of Science
  • University College
  • College of Virginia Beach
  • Graduate college

In 2015, 48 bachelor's degree programs , 23 master’s degree programs , 8 doctoral degree programs , 2 professional programs and 8 associate degree programs were offered.

Hampton University is consistently ranked among the three best historically black universities.

The Freddye T. Davy Honors College offers special educational programs and privileges for Undergraduate Students who reach a certain standard. An invitation from college is required to be accepted.

Hampton is the first and only HBCU to have 100% control over a NASA mission.

The Alumni Factor named Hampton one of the top seven colleges in Virginia .

Events

Numerous events are offered during the semester: New Student Orientation (NSO) Week, Alumni Day, Parents 'Weekend, Miss Hampton University Pageant, Pirates' Homecoming, Fall Open House, Hampton Founder's Day Celebration, Black History Extravaganza, Spring-Fest, Admitted Students Day (ASD), Student Leader Retreat, Freshmen Week, Battle of The States, Sophomore / Junior Week, Senior Week, Day of Giving, Reunion Weekend, Commencement, etc.

Sports

Hampton's sports team is called Hampton Pirates and appears in the colors blue and white. You take part in the competitions of the NCAA (Division I, Football Championship Subdivision in College Football ) in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference . It was not until 1995 that she joined this subdivision when she left the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (Division II), which she originally co-founded. In 2016, Hampton became the first and only HBCU to compete in Division I in lacrosse (college lacrosse, men). ESPN broadcast from campus ahead of the opening game at Armstrong Stadium (Hampton).

Hampton is also the only HBCU with a regatta sailing team .

In 2001, the basketball team won the first NCAA Men's Basketball Division I Championship game against Iowa State in a spectacular underdog game.

The "Lady Pirates" basketball team was similarly successful, taking part in the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship in 2000, 2003, 2004, 2010-2014 and 2017.

The Pirates won the title of their conference in 1997, 2005 and 2006 and shared the title in 1998 and 2004. In tennis, they won the MEAC from 1996-1999, 2001-2003 and 2007 (men) and 1998 and 2002-2004 (women).

The sports teams are supported by a number of groups, including The Force Marching Band and the Ebony Fire All-Female Dance Team.

Personalities

economy

education

Culture

Politics and administration

Sciences

Human sciences

Sports

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ President Dr. William R. Harvey. In: hamptonu.edu. Hampton University, 2019, accessed April 4, 2019 .
  2. ↑ US and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2014 to FY 2015. ( Memento from January 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute 2015.
  3. ^ Katherine Ellinghaus: Assimilation by Marriage: White Women and Native American Men at the Hampton Institute, 1878-1923. In: The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 2000, vol. 108, 3: 279-303, Virginia Historical Society (jstor = 4249851)
  4. ↑ "the head, the heart, and the hands."
  5. ^ Robert W. Lamb (ed.) Our Twin Cities of the Nineteenth Century: Norfolk and Portsmouth, Their Past, Present, and Future. ( Memento of Nov. 27, 2007 on the Internet Archive ) Norfolk, VA: Barcroft, Publisher 1887-8. Norfolk Landmark Steam Presses.
  6. ^ "Wishing I Were There" Time Travel to Hampton Institute Graduation Exercises 1875.
  7. ^ B. Landis: Carlisle Indian Industrial School History. Frontier Homepage Powered by Yahoo !. November 6, 2010, from http://home.epix.net/~landis/histry.html
  8. ^ Uplift the Negro. The American Indian at Hampton Institute, Virginia . February 28, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  9. ↑ a b Hampton . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  10. ↑ 'Hampton makes appointments of 2 whites'. The Afro-American , June 6, 1931.
  11. ↑ Hampton University releases update on concerns raised at student Town Hall meeting . WTKR.com. 2018-03-02.
  12. ^ Hampton University - Admissions . Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  13. ^ National Historic Landmarks Survey: Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: Virginia (PDF) Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  14. ^ Hampton Institute . In: National Historic Landmark summary listing . National Park Service. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
  15. ↑ Carol Ann Poh: National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Hampton Institute / Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. January 9, 1974, National Park Service and Accompanying 17 photos, from 1973.
  16. ↑ Fire damages historic building on HU campus . Dailypress.com. Retrieved on September 29, 2012.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dailypress.com  
  17. ↑ Our Museum: Hampton University Museum . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  18. ↑ http://www.hamptonu.edu/research/res_ctrs.cfm
  19. ↑ http://www.hamptonu.edu/academics/libraries.cfm
  20. ↑ Facts & Figures . Retrieved December 17, 2015.
  21. ^ Accreditation . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  22. ↑ Facts & Figures . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  23. ↑ Hampton University ranked No. 2 in College Choice's 2015 Rankings of Best Historically Black Colleges and Universities . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  24. ↑ HBCU Rankings 2017: Top 25 Black Colleges from US News . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  25. ↑ Freddye T. Davy Honors College: Requirements . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  26. ^ Hampton University - State of HBCUs . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  27. ↑ Top 227 Schools - The Alumni Factor . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  28. ↑ NCAA.com - The Official Website of NCAA Championships . Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 30, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ncaa.com
  29. ↑ ESPN TO BROADCAST BEFORE FIRST HOME LACROSSE GAME . Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  30. ↑ “ CREUZOT, PERCY PENNINGTON, JR. (FRENCHY) . “ Handbook of Texas . Retrieved on May 1, 2014.
  31. ^ Dean's Message - Tippie College of Business - The University of Iowa . Tippie.uiowa.edu. August 21, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  32. ^ Inside the Issues With Wilmer Leon . wilmerleon.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
  33. ↑ Kimberly Oliver . Ccsso.org. June 16, 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2010. Retrieved on September 29, 2012.
  34. ↑ Hugh Page . University of Notre Dame. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  35. ^ Orpheus M. and Mattie Allen McAdoo Papers . Yale University Kniecke Rare Books & Manuscript Library. February 9, 2010. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 21, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / beinecke.library.yale.edu
  36. ↑ Sylvia P. Flanagan: AS 'Doc' Young, Noted Journalist-Author, Dies. In: Jet vol. 90, 20:60, Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinois September 30, 1996.
  37. ↑ Allyson Kay Duncan . Notable Name Database. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  38. ↑ VANESSA D. GILMORE . Just The Beginning Foundation. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  39. ↑ The Honorable Theodore T. Jones . Court of Appeals State of New York. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  40. ↑ Gloria G. Lawlah, Maryland Secretary of Aging . Msa.md.gov. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  41. ↑ Biography of the Deputy Surgeon General . Notable Name Database. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  42. ^ Gregory M. Sleet Adjunct Professor of Law . Widener Law. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / law.widener.edu
  43. ^ About the Office of Public Engagement . The White House . Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 30, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.whitehouse.gov
  44. ^ Wini Warren: Black Women Scientists in the United States. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, USA 1999: 126. ISBN 978-0-253-33603-3
  45. ^ African-American History Month at the Library of Virginia . Library of Virginia.
  46. ↑ Chris Baker . nfl.com. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  47. ↑ Jamal Brooks . nfl.com. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  48. ↑ Marcus Dixon . Pro-Football-Reference.Com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  49. ↑ Kenrick Ellis . Pro-Football-Reference.Com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  50. ↑ Devin Green . Basketball-Reference.Com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  51. ↑ Isaac Hilton . NFL Enterprises LLC. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  52. ↑ Derrick Allen Mahorn . Basketball-Reference.Com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  53. ^ Jerome Mathis . databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.databasefootball.com
  54. ^ Nevin McCaskill . databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.databasefootball.com
  55. ^ Athletes - McCorory Francena Biography . iaaf.org. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  56. ^ Ex-Norfolk State football coach Dick Price dies at 75 . hamptonroads.com. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  57. ^ A b NFL Players who attended Hampton University . databaseSports.com. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
  58. ↑ Zuriel Smith . databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.databasefootball.com
  59. ↑ Cordell Jerome Taylor . Pro-Football-Reference.Com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

literature

  • Anderson, James D. The education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 (1988) pp 33-78 online .
  • Engs, Robert Francis (1999). Educating the Disfranchised and Disinherited: Samuel Chapman Armstrong and Hampton Institute, 1839-1893 . University of Tennessee Press.
  • Paulette Fairbanks Molin: Training the Hand, the Head, and the Heart : Indian Education at Hampton Institute. In: Minnesota History , Fall 1988 vol. 51, 3: 82-98 jstor = 20179107 Minnesota Historical Society Press.
  • Lucy Maddox: Politics, Performance and Indian Identity. In: American Studies International. June 2002 vol. 40, 2: 7-36 jstor = 4127989 Mid-America American Studies Association.
  • Schall, Keith L., ed. (1977). Stony the Road: Chapters in the History of Hampton Institute. The University Press of Virginia.

Web links

Commons : Hampton University  - collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Coordinates: 37 ° 1 ′ 19.2 ″  N , 76 ° 20 ′ 9.6 ″  W.