Hariclea Darclée
Hariclea Hartulari Darclée (born as Hariclea Haricli * June 10, 1860 in Brăila ; † January 10, 1939 in Bucharest ) was a Romanian opera singer in the soprano vocal range and first interpreter of Floria Tosca on January 14, 1900 in the Teatro Costanzi in Rome premiered opera Tosca by Giacomo Puccini .
Life
As the daughter of the landowner Ion Haricli and his wife Mary Aslan, a granddaughter of Princess Smaragda from the house of the Mavrokordatos , she studied piano and took singing lessons at the Lobkowicz Conservatory in Vienna with the German music teacher Mathilde Marchesi de Castrone , in Bucharest with the French teacher Madame La Kerre and at the Paris Conservatory with Edmond Duvernoy . She made her debut on December 14, 1888 in the role of Marguerite in Charles Gounod's opera Faust , at the Paris Grand Opera . After this performance, she began a summer tour of the major opera houses in Europe.
On December 26, 1890, she first appeared at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan . Here she took on the role of Chimène in the piece Le Cid by the French opera composer Jules Massenet . There is evidence that Giuseppe Verdi personally attended this performance . On this prestigious stage, she completed 116 appearances, such as those in St. Petersburg , Madrid and Bucharest. Her successful stage presence from 1893 to 1910 made her a famous opera personality. Darclée quickly conquered the most important stages in Paris , Berlin , Florence , Rome, Buenos Aires , Lisbon , Monte Carlo , New York and Moscow . Giacomo Puccini tailored the role of Floria Tosca for her and composed the title Vissi d'arte, Vissi d'amore for her voice. Her language skills in German, French, Italian, Spanish, English, Greek and Russian made her much appreciated by great composers such as Verdi, Ruggero Leoncavallo , Massenet, Catalani and Puccini. She has also worked with other well-known opera greats such as Enrico Caruso , Emilio de Marchi, Eugenio Giraldoni, Titta Ruffo and the conductor Arturo Toscanini . After 25 successful years she made her last stage appearance at the Teatro della Pergola in Florence.
In the course of time, the press referred to her as the “Nightingale of the Carpathians”, “the revered nightingale”, “Maiastra fairy tale bird”, “Voice at the beginning of the century”, “the greatest singer of our time” and the Encyclopedia dello Spettacolo as “the greatest singer in the world for 25 years. ”She has received several awards, including the order of“ Bene Merenti ”class from Charles I , as well as the Ottoman “ Artistic Medal ”and the“ Grand Officer Sefakatului ”. Completely forgotten in her country of birth, she finally returned to Romania in September 1936 with the intention of finding a job at a conservatory or at the Romanian Opera. Her even greater wish was to found a school for singing, and she hoped for government support, but this did not materialize.
She died impoverished on January 10, 1939 in Bucharest and was buried there in the " Bellu " cemetery. The funeral was funded by the Italian embassy.
repertoire
Hariclea Darclée sang 58 roles in 56 operas (32 older operas, twelve world premieres and 16 operas in major premieres) by 31 composers (12 older composers and 19 young composers with world premieres of new operas); thus the artist occupies a unique position in the entire history of opera.
- Daniel-François-Esprit Auber - La muette de Portici (Luisa).
- Georges Bizet - Carmen (Carmen).
- Arrigo Boito - Mefistofele (Margherita).
- Alfredo Catalani - La Wally (Wally) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on January 20, 1892.
- Alexis Catargi - Enoch Arden (Ammie Lee) - written for her and premiered by her at the National Theater Bucharest in 1904.
- Isidore De Lara - Amy Robsard (Amy Robsard) - written for her and premiered by her at the Opera Monte Carlo in April 1897.
- Gaetano Donizetti - Don Pasquale (Norina); L'elisir d'amore (Adina); Linda di Chamounix (Linda); Lucrezia Borgia (Lucrezia); Maria di Rohan (Maria).
- Alberto Franchetti - Cristoforo Colombo (Isabella di Aragona, Ikuamota) - written for her and premiered by her in Genoa on October 6, 1892.
- Michail Glinka - Ivan Susanin (Vania) - French first performance in Nice 1890.
- Carlos Gomes - Condor (Odalea) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on February 21, 1891; I Guarany (Cecilia).
- Charles Gounod - Faust (Marguérite); Roméo et Juliette (Juliette);
- Jacques Fromental Halévy - La Juive (Rachèle).
- Ruggero Leoncavallo - Pagliacci (Nedda) - Romanian premiere at the National Theater Bucharest in 1903; Zaza (Zaza).
- Luigi Mancinelli - Hero e Leandro (Hero) - written for her and premiered by her in Madrid in 1897.
- Pietro Mascagni - Cavalleria rusticana (Santuzza) - Romanian first performance at the National Theater Bucharest in 1891; L'amico Fritz (Suzel) - first performance at the Teatro della Pergola Florence 1891 and at the National Theater Bucharest 1910; Iris (Iris) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on January 22, 1898, first performance at the Teatro alla Scala di Milano on January 19, 1899 and first performance at the National Theater Bucharest in 1908; I Rantzau (Luisa) - written for her and first performed by her at the Teatro della Pergola in Florence on November 10, 1892 and in the first performance at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on November 26, 1892.
- Jules Massenet - Le Cid (Chimène) - Italian premiere at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on December 26, 1890; Manon (manon); Thaïs (Thaïs).
- Giacomo Meyerbeer - L'Africaine (Selika); Les Huguenots (Queen, Valentine) - Romanian premiere at the National Theater Bucharest in 1897;
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Don Giovanni (Zerlina).
- Giovanni Pacini - Saffo (Saffo) - First performance at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on October 28, 1911.
- Ubaldo Pacchierotti - Eidelberga mia (Catina) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro Colón Buenos Aires in 1909.
- Ettore Panizza - Aurora (Aurora) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro Colón Buenos Aires in 1909.
- Giacomo Puccini - Manon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut) - written for her and first performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on March 27, 1897; La Bohème (Mimì) - American premiere at the Teatro Colón Buenos Aires 1896 and Romanian premiere at the National Theater Bucharest on January 15, 1903; Tosca (Floria Tosca) - written for her; the soprano aria was a tribute to Puccini and was written for Hariclea Darclées; First performance at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on January 14, 1900 and first performance at the Teatro Regio Turin on February 20, 1900, Teatro alla Scala in Milan on March 17, 1900, Lisbon on January 19, 1901, Bucharest National Theater on January 18, 1902 and Monte Carlo Opera on March 28, 1903.
- Luigi and Federico Ricci - Crispino e la comare (La Comare).
- Gioachino Rossini - Guillaume Tell (Matilde d'Absburgo); Stabat Mater (soprano).
- Anton Rubinstein - Damon (Tamara).
- Camille Saint-Saëns - Proserpine (Proserpine).
- Richard Strauss - Der Rosenkavalier (Marschalin) - Italian premiere at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on November 14, 1911.
- Ambroise Thomas - Hamlet (Ofélie); Mignon (mignon).
- Pietro Vallini - Il Voto (Maria) - written for her and premiered by her at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on November 27, 1894.
- Giuseppe Verdi - Aida (Aida); Un ballo in maschera (Amelia); Otello (Desdemona); Rigoletto (Gilda); Simon Boccanegra (Amelia-Maria) - first performance at the Teatro dell'Opera Rome on May 17, 1892; La traviata (Violetta Valery); Il trovatore (Leonora).
- Richard Wagner - The Mastersingers (Eva); Lohengrin (Elsa); Tannhäuser (Elisabeth) - Italian premiere at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on December 29, 1891 and at the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires in 1897.
Web links
- Website about Hariclea Darclée
- Website of the artist Paula Berger with pictures of Hariclea Darclée in Tosca
- Hariclea Darclee International Voice Competition website
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Darclée, Hariclea |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Darclée, Hariclea Hartulari (full name); Haricli, Hariclea (maiden name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Romanian opera singer |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 10, 1860 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Brăila |
DATE OF DEATH | January 10, 1939 |
Place of death | Bucharest |