Heinz Zatschek

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Heinz Zatschek

Heinz (Heinrich) Eugen Arthur Zatschek (born June 27, 1901 in Vienna , † May 23, 1965 in Friedrichshafen ) was an Austrian historian , medievalist , diplomat and university professor. In the 1930s and 1940s he was a full professor of medieval history and historical auxiliary sciences at the universities in Prague and Vienna. From 1957 to 1965 he was director of the Army History Museum in Vienna.

Life

Origin and studies

Zatschek was born in Vienna as the son of a naval officer and later bank clerk and his wife, who came from a family of lawyers. His grandfather's historical library piqued his interest in history. He attended grammar school Vienna XIII ( Hietzing ) and from 1919 studied history at the University of Vienna . In addition, from 1921 to 1923 he completed the 33rd course at the Institute for Austrian Historical Research in Vienna (state examination). In 1923 he was at Oswald Redlich with the dissertation The operations of Bonaparte in Italy against the Austrian hereditary lands in 1797 to Dr. phil. PhD.

MGH and professorships in Vienna and Prague

From 1924 to 1928 he worked in the Vienna Diplomata department of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica and volunteered in the Vienna University Library . He also worked for the German School Association and the German Cultural Association. After his habilitation in 1928 through Wibald von Stablo , he became a private lecturer at the University of Vienna and in 1929 an adjunct professor for medieval history and historical auxiliary sciences at the German University in Prague , where he represented the teaching office in 1927. In 1934 he became a full professor of folk research there. In 1937/38 he was dean of the philosophy faculty.

Zatschek became a Czechoslovak citizen in 1930. On April 24, 1938, Zatschek joined the Sudeten German Party , followed a year later by joining the NSDAP ; he was also a member of the Nazi lecturers' association . As a result, as "sincere party member"-assessed Zatschek a sought ethnically oriented historiography to the proportion of, for example, Germans on power apparatus of Přemyslids to determine or to prove that in the Middle Ages no Czech " People's soil have given." Between 1938 and 1942 Zatscheck switched several times between Vienna (1941/42 he was a full professor as successor to Hans Hirsch ) and Prague , only to take up his chair again in Prague and there as department head for philology and history at Reinhard-Heydrich - Foundation for the Assimilation of the Czechs, in which he and Anton Ernstberger directed the National History Institute for Bohemia and Moravia . In 1944/45 he was archive manager at Prague University. In 1945 he was decommissioned.

From 1936 to 1945 he was a member of the German Society of Sciences and Arts for the Czechoslovak Republic (or the German Academy of Sciences in Prague).

Archivist and lecturer in Vienna

Zatschek returned to Austria and was employed by the Vienna City Archives from 1945 to 1957 and a research assistant in the Federal Chamber of Commerce . In 1955 he became a university lecturer for historical auxiliary sciences, history of the Middle Ages and economic history at his alma mater in Vienna. In 1954 he became a full member of the Historical Commission of the Sudetenland and a member of the Southeast German Historical Commission (from 1957).

Zatschek stuck to his worldview for a long time after the war. In a letter to Theodor Mayer in 1962, for example, he was angry that the Collegium Carolinum (member 1959–1964) was hiring native Czechs and was outraged by Ferdinand Seibt because he called " Hussitism " a "cultural epoch" and thus the I betrayed the “völkisch standpoint”.

Museum director

In 1955 he became custodian , from 1957 until his death in 1965 Zatschek was director of the Army History Museum in Vienna. A quote from Zatschek comes from the time the museum was rebuilt, in which he emphasized the importance of the still young Second Republic of Austria :

“If the decision was made, not without hesitation, to rebuild the Army Museum, then both the management and the departments that had to finance the reconstruction would have an unshakable belief in the future of Austria, otherwise the little one would have lost for the time being all sources of aid brought by the state are not allowed to tackle these construction projects. "

- Heinz Zatschek

plant

Zatschek's scientific work is considered "rich and diverse" ( Otto Brunner ). It was originally shaped by auxiliary scientific investigations, in particular the doctrine of documents . Numerous contributions appeared from 1929 to 1942 in the communications of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . He later expanded his activities to include research into the history of Bohemia and Moravia. After 1945 he devoted himself to commercial history studies.

In order to meet the ideological requirements in the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under Reinhard Heydrich , Zatschek also worked with dedicated "race researchers" such as Karl Valentin Müller , with whom he wrote the study The Biological Fate of the Přemyslids in 1941 . An example of the angry effect of German lineages in foreign blood circles was published. This made him one of the main bearers of the racist escalation of the culture carrier theory .

After the end of the Second World War , Zatschek's writings England and the Reich (1942) and The European Balance (1943) as well as Das Sudetendeutschtum (1939), which he published together with Wilhelm Weizsäcker and Gustav Pirchan , were added to the list of the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ) literature to be discarded.

According to Friedrich Walter , “his [..] work [..] always found high recognition”.

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • Studies on medieval document theory. Concept, register and collection of letters (= writings of the Philosophical Faculty of the German University in Prague . 4). RM Rohrer, Brno 1929. (Reprint, Scientia-Verlag, 1974, ISBN 3-511-00806-9 )
  • The popular consciousness. His becoming in the mirror of historiography . Rohrer, Brünn u. a. 1936.
  • How the First German Reich came into being. State leadership, imperial estate and eastern settlement in the age of the Carolingians. (= Sources and research from the field of history. Ed. By the Historical Commission of the German Society of Sciences and Arts in Prague. Volume 16). Publishing house of the German Society of Sciences and Arts, Prague 1940.
  • England and the Empire. Rohrer, Brünn u. a. 1942.
  • To issue the documents of the Vienna Citizens Hospital. In:  Yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna , year 1946, issue 5/6, pp. 124–148. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bav.
  • Crafts and trades in Vienna. From the beginning to the granting of the freedom to trade in 1859. Österreichischer Gewerbeverlag, Vienna 1949.
  • Be 550 years young. The story of a craft. Based on a manuscript about the Viennese carpentry trade. Publishing house for the history of politics, Vienna 1958.

literature

  • Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : Univ. Prof. Dr. Heinz Zatschek †. In: Bulletin of the Austrian Museums. 14, 1965, pp. 64-67.
  • Otto Brunner : Heinz Zatschek. In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . 74, 1966, pp. 249-251.
  • Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. 6 volumes. Volume 5: Ru-Z. K & S, Vienna a. a. 2004, ISBN 3-218-00749-6 , p. 688.
  • K. Erik Franzen, Helena Peřinová: Biograms of the members of the Historical Commission of the Sudetenland in the founding year 1954. In: Stefan Albrecht et al. (Ed.): The Sudeten German Historiography 1918–1960. On the prehistory and establishment of the Historical Commission of the Sudetenland. Lectures at the conference of the Historical Commission for the Bohemian Lands (formerly: the Sudetenland) in Brno from October 1st to 2nd, 2004 on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. (= Publications of the Collegium Carolinum. Volume 114). Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58374-8 , p. 275 f.
  • Karel Hruza: Heinz Zatschek (1901–1965) - “Radical orderly thinking” and “thorough, goal-oriented research work”. In: ders. (Ed.): Österreichische Historiker 1900–1945. CVs and careers in Austria, Germany and Czechoslovakia in portraits of the history of science. Volume 1, Böhlau, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77813-4 , pp. 677-792.
  • Karel Hruza: Heinz Zatschek (1901–1965). In: Ingo Haar , Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-11778-7 , pp. 783-786.
  • Karel Hruza: The German robbery of insignia and archives from the University of Prague in 1945. With an exchange of letters between the university archivist Heinz Zatschek and the President of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Theodor Mayer . in: Bohemia. Journal for the History and Culture of the Bohemian Lands 48 (2008), pp. 349–411.
  • Zatschek, Heinz . In: Fritz Fellner , Doris A. Corradini: Austrian History in the 20th Century. A biographical-bibliographical lexicon (= publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria. Volume 99). Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2006, ISBN 978-3-205-77476-1 , p. 469.
  • Max Kratochwill:  Heinz Zatschek †. In:  Wiener Geschichtsblätter , year 1965, (XX. Or LXXX. Year), issue 4, pp. 498–500. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / maintenance / maw.
  • Friedrich Walter: Heinz Zatschek † . In: Historical magazine . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, Volume 202 (1966), Issue 1, pp. 263-264, title page online .

Web links

Commons : Heinz Zatschek  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ota Konrád: "The humanities at the University of Prague (1938 / 39-1945)", in: Karen Bayer, Frank Sparing, Wolfgang Woelk (eds.): Universities and colleges during National Socialism and in the early post-war period . Franz Steiner Verlag , Stuttgart 2004, p. 244ff.
  2. ^ Ernst Klee : German Medicine in the Third Reich. Careers before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-10-039310-4 , p. 163.
  3. ↑ Karel Hruza: Heinz Zatschek (1901–1965) . In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch, Matthias Berg (Hrsg.): Handbook of the national sciences. People - institutions - research programs - foundations . Munich 2008, p. 785
  4. ^ Ernst Klee: German Medicine in the Third Reich. Careers before and after 1945. 2001, p. 163.
  5. ↑ Andreas Wiedemann: "The Reinhard Heydrich Foundation as an Example of National Socialist Science Policy in the Protectorate", in: Christiane Brenner , Erik K. Franzen, K. Erik Franzen, Peter Haslinger, Robert Luft (eds.): History of the Bohemian countries in 20th century . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2006, p. 162.
  6. ^ Robert Luft: Germans and Czechs in the Bohemian countries. Traditions and changes in a branch of West German historical studies , in: Christiane Brenner, Erik K. Franzen, K. Erik Franzen, Peter Haslinger, Robert Luft (eds.): Historiography of the Bohemian countries in the 20th century . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2006, p. 417.
  7. ↑ Pavel Kolář: “A breeding ground for folk history? Thoughts on the history of Prague's German historiography 1918-1938 in the overall context of German-language historical studies ”, in: Christiane Brenner, Erik K. Franzen, K. Erik Franzen, Peter Haslinger, Robert Luft (eds.): Historiography of the Bohemian countries in the 20th Century . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2006, p. 135.
  8. ^ Heeresgeschichtliches Museum (Ed.): 100 Years of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum. Known and unknown things about his story (responsible for the text: Franz Kaindl), Vienna 1991, p. 18.
  9. ^ Otto Brunner : Heinz Zatschek . In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 74 (1966), pp. 249-251, here: pp. 250f.
  10. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1947-nslit-x.html
  11. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-x.html
  12. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-s.html
  13. ^ Friedrich Walter: Heinz Zatschek † . In: Historische Zeitschrift 202 (1966), pp. 263–264, here: p. 264.
  14. ↑ List of all decorations awarded by the Federal President for services to the Republic of Austria from 1952 (PDF; 6.6 MB)
personal data
SURNAME Zatschek, Heinz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zatschek, Heinrich Eugen Arthur (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian historian and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH May 23, 1965
Place of death Friedrichshafen