Hilde Domin

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Memorial plaque on the former residential building at Riehler Strasse 23, Cologne
Stumbling stone laying on April 4, 2017 (Riehler Straße 23, Cologne)

Hilde Domin , née Hildegard Dina Löwenstein , married Hilde Palm (born on July 27, 1909 in Cologne ; died on February 22, 2006 in Heidelberg ), was a German writer of the Jewish faith . She was best known as a poet and an important representative of the "inconsistent poem". After her exile in the Dominican Republic , from which Domin took her stage name , she lived in Heidelberg from 1961.

life and work

Hilde Domin was born in 1909 at Riehler Straße 23 in Cologne. A plaque is attached to her birth house today. Her parents were originally from Dusseldorf Jewish doctorate lawyer and Cologne Judicial Eugen Siegfried Lowenstein (1871-1942) and his wife, Paula, born Trier. The native of Frankfurt was, as was quite common in the upper middle class at the time, without professional training and “without a profession” (entry in the marriage certificate of October 24, 1908). Her class-conscious and wealthy parents had given her a good education for a girl by the standards of the time: housekeeping, singing and piano lessons. “My mother was trained as a singer,” Hilde Domin idealized her mother's level of education in her memoirs.

Hilde Domin had not attended a primary school, but had switched to the Merlo-Mevissen-Lyzeum in Cologne after taking private lessons, where she passed her school-leaving examination on March 6, 1929. In June 1928 she represented her school at the German Women's Day in Cologne. She enrolled for the first time on April 23, 1929 at the law faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg . She had Jura "chosen out of enthusiasm for her father," and therefore stopped in the first semester of Economics and attended economic seminars. In the winter semester of 1929/1930 she enrolled at the Institute for Social and Political Sciences (SOSTA). The change in the summer semester to the universities of Cologne and Bonn (second student) was due to an accident, until she finally recovered, she was supposed to stay near her parents' home. There she deepened her economic knowledge with lectures in general economic policy and economics, intensified her dance class friendship with the later literary critic and writer Hans Mayer in political discussions and joined the Cologne group of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . Her studies at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (today's Humboldt-Universität ) began on October 22, 1930. In Berlin in the winter of 1930/1931, “an active struggle really began”, with battles between the parties taking place in the forecourt of the university . In Berlin, on December 4, 1930, Hilde Domin heard Hitler's much-cited speech in the Hasenheide . Domin had read Mein Kampf with fellow students and had the foresight that "Hitler would do what he wrote in Mein Kampf."

Immediately after her return to Heidelberg for the summer semester of 1931, she met the Jewish classics and archeology student Erwin Walter Palm from Frankfurt . Giving in to his longing for Italy, both began their studies abroad in Rome in autumn 1932, which became their first exile after Hitler was appointed Chancellor . Both enrolled at the La Sapienza University in the “Facoltà di lettere e filosofià” , Hilde Domin took courses in art history and supported Erwin Walter Palm's research by taking on drawing tasks and making a living with German lessons. In November 1934 she enrolled at the renowned Istituto Superiore di Scienze Sociali e Politiche "Cesare Alfieri" in Florence , where she took the "laurea a pieni voti e laude" on November 6, 1935 with the best possible result. Palm had completed his “laurea in lettere con voti settantasette” on October 31, 1935 in Florence . While Hilde Domin traveled back to Rome and gave German lessons for private students from 1935 to 1938, Palm continued his studies in Florence until February 1935. Then he also moved back to Rome. On October 30, 1936, the couple married in the Conservator's Palace in Rome.

From February 1934, Italian policy was also directed against Jews: Newly immigrated Jews were denied the right to acquire Italian citizenship; the racial laws of 1938 made the Jews public enemies and required their departure by March 12, 1939. Therefore, the couple fled Italy at the last minute in 1939 - the ultimatum set by Mussolini for the departure had already been exceeded. She fled via Paris to Great Britain , where she found shelter with the help of wealthy relatives and, like most Jewish refugees, lived in the London borough of Hampstead before the Löwenstein parents bought a house in Minehead, Somerset . There Hilde Palm taught for half a year as a language teacher at St. Aldwyn's College . In view of the capitulation of France and the impending blitzkrieg , they decided to leave England. On the same day as Stefan Zweig , June 26, 1940, they left England and reached the Dominican Republic via Canada . There Hilde Palm was “a great secretary”: She translated and typed her husband's work, documented his studies with photographs and taught German at the University of Santo Domingo from 1948 to 1952 .

She began her first writing activities as early as 1946. She countered the increasing emotional isolation and temporary alienation from her husband with her letter, which she saved from suicide after the death of her mother in 1951. She was "a dying woman who wrote against dying". After her return to Germany in 1954, she published poems under the pseudonym Domin . She named herself after the name of the island on which she found refuge and began her life as a poet. Loving and being loved, but above all being needed, was the real meaning of life for Hilde Domin.

In 1954, after 22 years of exile, she returned to the Federal Republic, but she commuted back and forth between Spain and Germany for another seven years. Erwin Walter Palm drove his Ibero-American studies, Hilde Domin intensified her writing. In Miraflores de la Sierra she made the acquaintance of the Spanish poet Vicente Aleixandre , who made contact with the literary magazine Caracola , in which Domin published her translations.

In 1959, her first volume of poetry, Nur eine Rose, was published as a support . In order to avoid publishing the first publication of an author who was already over the age of 50, her year of birth was given as 1912, Domin only corrected the cheating in 1999, when her official 90th birthday was approaching. In addition to poems, short stories and her novel in montage form, The Second Paradise , she increasingly wrote essays and literary treatises, which, however, did not receive the attention they deserved. Above all, her poetry analysis Why poetry would have been given more recognition - according to Ulla Hahn in her laudation in 1992 on the occasion of the presentation of the Hölderlin Prize to Hilde Domin - "it came from the pen of a male theorist". She also worked as a translator and editor and provided advice to young fellow poets.

Domin felt like a “tightrope walker” with a lot of world, but little ground under his feet. The traumatic experience of persecution and exile was equally formative for the poet's identity and for the poetic work of the poet, who perfected her mastery of the technique of free rhythms to a rare mastery. It was just as impossible to regain the naturalness of belonging as that of home. The poetic word, the German mother tongue, offered refuge. Trust in the stability and reliability of human relationships, on the other hand, was initially severely shaken and, despite all the success and the great recognition expressed in many letters and honors, and even in the face of numerous friendships, remained fragile to the end. The pressing and tormenting questions in this regard therefore became a dominant theme in her work, in which she brought up your situation in ever new images, looked for clues for answers and found it in encounters with people, albeit always endangered. Domin saw herself as a Spanish author in German, shaped by the Arabic legacy of Spanish and thus connected to Giuseppe Ungaretti , who felt influenced by Egyptian. In her later poems she was inspired by Japanese art theory and also saw the influence of Holderlin .

Domin read her poems twice each time. She also read in prisons, schools, and churches. In a 1986 interview, when asked how much courage a writer needs, she replied: “A writer needs three kinds of courage. To be yourself. The courage not to lie around, to call things by their names. And thirdly, believing that others can be called. ”In the 1987/1988 winter semester, she was the fourth woman to hold the Frankfurt poetics lectures after Ingeborg Bachmann , Marie Luise Kaschnitz and Christa Wolf .

On her 95th birthday on July 27, 2004, Hilde Domin was made an honorary citizen of the city of Heidelberg . The Dominican Republic honored her with the highest order that the island nation has to bestow : Del mérito de Duarte , Sánchez y Mella. On her (actually 83rd) 80th birthday, the city of Heidelberg donated the three-year literary prize “Literature in Exile” in her honor , which has been called the “Hilde Domin Prize for Literature in Exile” since her death. On February 15, 2006, she became an honorary member of the PEN Club of Exile .

Hilde Domin had been a member of the SPD since 1930 , but in later interviews also saw herself as a pioneer of the Greens . The poet spent her retirement in Heidelberg; She went on reading tours well into old age, for example in Spain in 2003 and in England in 2005.

Honorary grave of Hilde Domin in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery in the forest department (Dept. WA)

On February 22, 2006, Hilde Domin died in Heidelberg at the age of 96 after an operation that had become necessary because she suffered a fracture of the femoral neck after falling on black ice . She was buried in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery and found her final resting place in the grave complex, where her deceased husband was buried in 1988. The motto chosen by Domin himself is: "We put our foot in the air / and she carried". The grave is located in the immediate vicinity of the resting place of the poet Friedrich Gundolf .

Domin's estate is in the German Literature Archive in Marbach . An exhibit from this can be seen in the permanent exhibition of the Modern Literature Museum in Marbach.

Since March 2007, the home and agricultural school in Herrenberg has been called the Hilde-Domin-Schule . In Cologne, too, a city school at the Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy has been named after her since October 2008 . In 2008 a rose garden in Cologne near her birthplace at the former Fort X in Neustadt-Nord was given the name Hilde-Domin-Park .

Works

  • Just a rose for support. Poems . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1959.
  • Return of the ships. Poems . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1962.
  • Spain tells. Twenty-six stories , selected and introduced by Hilde Domin. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1963.
  • Here. Poems . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1964.
  • Double interpretations. The contemporary German poem between author and reader, ed. and introduced by Hilde Domin, Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main / Bonn 1966.
  • The second paradise. Novel in segments. Piper, Munich 1968.
  • Why poetry today. Poetry and readers in controlled society. Piper, Munich 1968.
  • I want you. Poems. Piper, Munich 1970, ISBN 3-492-01821-1 .
  • Post-war and strife. Poems as an index 1945–1970 , ed. and with an afterword by Hilde Domin. Luchterhand, Neuwied / Berlin 1970.
  • The Andalusian cat . Eremiten-Presse, Stierstadt 1971, ISBN 3-87365-027-4 .
  • Not intended by nature. Autobiographical. Piper, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-492-00390-7 .
  • But hope. Autobiographical facts from and about Germany. Piper, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-492-02795-4 .
  • Collected poems. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-10-015304-9 .
  • The poem as a moment of freedom. Frankfurt Poetics Lectures 1987/1988. Piper, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-492-10991-8 .
  • Collected essays. Home in the language. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-10-015315-4 .
  • The tree blooms anyway. Poems. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-10-015322-7 .
  • Collected autobiographical writings. Almost a résumé. Piper, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-492-03565-5 .
  • Who could. Poems and watercolors. Illustrated by Andreas Felger. Presence Art & Book, Hünstelden 2000, ISBN 3-87630-514-4 .
  • All the poems. Edited by Nikola Herweg and Melanie Reinhold. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-10-015341-8 .
  • Poetry album 309. Selection of poetry by Klaus Siblewski , graphic Cy Twombly . Märkischer Verlag. Wilhelmshorst 2013, ISBN 978-3-943708-09-7 .

The poems by Hilde Domin were illustrated by the silhouette artist Hedwig Goller (1920–2015) , among others .

Letters

In January 2007 the literary scholar Jan Bürger and the art historian Frank Druffner, both employees of the German Literature Archive in Marbach , presented letters between Domin and Erwin Walter Palm from 28 years (1931 to 1959), which, in addition to the personal aspect, reflect two fates of emigrants. The letters were found in Domin's last apartment.

  • Hilde Domin: Love in exile. Letters to Erwin Walter Palm from 1931–1959. Edited by Jan Bürger and Frank Druffner with the assistance of Melanie Reinhold. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-10-015342-5 . (Meeting:)

Awards

literature

  • Michael Braun : Exile and Engagement. Studies on the lyric and poetics of Hilde Domins. (= Literary historical studies. 23). Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1994, ISBN 3-631-47065-7 .
  • Irmgard Hammers: Hilde Domin: Poetry-theoretical reflection and artistic realization . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-412-50775-6 .
  • Nikola Herweg: “only one country / my language country”. Home is written by Elisabeth Augustin, Hilde Domin and Anna Maria Jokl. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8260-4761-9 .
  • Margret Karsch: The nonetheless of every letter. Hilde Domin's poems in the discourse on poetry after Auschwitz. Transcript, Bielefeld 2007, ISBN 978-3-89942-744-8 .
  • Stephanie Lehr-Rosenberg: "I put my foot in the air and she carried". Dealing with the foreign and home in Hilde Domin's poems. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2003, ISBN 3-8260-2398-6 .
  • Ilka Scheidgen: Hilde Domin, poet of the nonetheless. Biography. 2nd Edition. 2006, ISBN 3-7806-3012-5 .
  • Ilona Scheidle: “Never stopped loving Heidelberg”. The poet Hilde Domin (1909-2006). In: Dies .: Heidelberg women who made history. Portraits of women from five centuries. Diederichs, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7205-2850-2 , pp. 159-173.
  • Dieter Sevin: Hilde Domin. Return from exile as the origin and precondition of their poetology. In: Helga Schreckenberger (Ed.): Aesthetics of Exile. (= Amsterdam contributions to recent German studies. 54). Rodopi, Amsterdam / New York 2003, ISBN 90-420-0965-9 , pp. 353-364.
  • Marion Tauschwitz : "That I can be who I am." Hilde Domin. The biography. Palmyra, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-930378-81-4 .
    Revised and updated version: Hilde Domin. "That I can be who I am". Biography. VAT, Mainz 2011, ISBN 978-3-940884-09-1 .
    Revised new edition: Hilde Domin - That I can be who I am. Biography of Klampen Verlag, Springe 2015, ISBN 978-3-86674-516-2 .
  • Marion Tauschwitz (ed.): Unheard of near - memories of Hilde Domin. Kurpfälzischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-924566-33-3 .
  • Marion Tauschwitz: Hilde Domin: "The tricky life of my words". 20 poems and the story of their creation. VAT Verlag André Thiele, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-940884-78-7 .
    New edition: Hilde Domins poems and their story. zu Klampen Verlag, Springe 2016, ISBN 978-3-86674-523-0 .
  • Vera Viehöver: Hilde Domin. (= Meteors. 1). Wehrhahn Verlag, Hannover 2010, ISBN 978-3-86525-176-3 .
  • Bettina von Wangenheim, Ilseluise Metz: Vocabulary of memories for the work of Hilde Domin. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-596-13479-X .
  • Jianguang Wu: The lyrical work of Hilde Domins in the context of German literature after 1945 (= Bochum writings on German literature. 56). Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2000, ISBN 3-631-35802-4 .

Movies

  • Anna Ditges ( script , direction, camera and editing): I want you - encounters with Hilde Domin. Documentary, Germany, 2005–2007, 95 min., Production: Punktfilm.
  • Christa Schulze-Rohr: Exchange of words: Hilde Domin. Talk, Germany, 1991, 45 min., Production: SWF .
  • Hilde Domin. In: Witnesses of the Century. Rüdiger Schwab in conversation with Hilde Domin. ZDF interview from 24./25. January 1989, 60 minutes, Prod. No. 6354/1543. Posted November 1st and 5th, 1989.

Settings

  • Arthur Dangel (* 1931): Domin cycle (op. 73, 1995) for a voice (female) and piano
I.  Mirror poems : 1.  Identity (who doesn't want to be in the mirror) - 2.  Not roped (for you are the hours) - 3.  Bravery (in the mirrors) - II.  Calendar : 1.  Green pennies - 2.  The beaten days - 3.  The pain rises like a great mist - III. Getting older : 1.  The longing for justice - 2.  Against the fear of fellow human beings - 3.  Hand in hand - IV.  Stranger : 1.  I fall through every net - 2.  Before me is built - V.  Seasons : 1.  Spring a giant woodpecker - 2nd  late summer (as you read the newspaper) - 3rd  autumn eyes (press yourself close to the ground) - 4th  winter (the birds, black fruits)
  • Siegrid Ernst : So that it starts differently between all of us (1983) for mixed choir and organ. Text: Abel stand up (1969)
  • Wolfgang Nening (* 1966): About Autumn (2000). Six songs for medium voice and piano
2.  Autumn eyes

Web links

Wikiquote: Hilde Domin  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map: Hilde Domin's birthplace
  2. ↑ auf-hilde-domins-spuren-in-koeln (accessed March 2012)
  3. ↑ Hilde Domin: Collected Autobiographical Writings. 1992, p. 24.
  4. ↑ Tauschwitz: That I can be who I am. Year ?, p. 52.
  5. ↑ Cupid's arrows - or: the magic of love , Deutschlandfunk , series: Freistil, broadcast on December 25, 2005.
  6. ↑ On the first editions cf. Michael Braun: Exile and Engagement. 1994, pp. 255-257; Bettina von Wangenheim, Ilseluise Metz: Vocabulary of memories. 1998, pp. 221-285.
  7. ↑ Hilde Domin: Among acrobats and birds. In: Dies .: Collected autobiographical writings. Almost a résumé. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1993, pp. 21f.
  8. ↑ German Literature Archive opens up the estate of Hilde Domin. In: Börsenblatt. August 3, 2007.
  9. ↑ Hilde-Domin-Schule ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Herrenberg  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hilde-domin.de
  10. ^ Hilde-Domin-Schule , Cologne
  11. ↑ "A rose as a support." Park named after the poet Hilde Domin. City of Cologne, June 18, 2008, accessed on August 16, 2013.
  12. ^ Time capsule: "The island in the closet" Hilde Domin and Erwin Walter Palm in the Dominican Republic. Literaturhaus Frankfurt , January 16, 2007.
  13. ↑ Volker Weidermann : Hilde Domin for the hundredth. A great secretary and poet. In: FAZ. July 27, 2009.
  14. ↑ Merit holders since 1986. (PDF) State Chancellery of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on March 11, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Marcel Reich-Ranicki : Laudation in honor of Hilde Domin on the occasion of the awarding of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung's 1995 Literature Prize. Laudation at the KAS , accessed on April 5, 2011.
  16. ^ Citizens ' medal "For services to Heidelberg".
  17. ↑ film page
  18. ↑ Anna Ditges on her Domin film: I had to make this film. DLF , January 22, 2008, accessed April 5, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Domin, Hilde
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Palm, Hilde (real name); Löwenstein, Hilde (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 2006
Place of death Heidelberg