Christa Wolf

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Christa Wolf (2007)

Christa Wolf b. Ihlenfeld (born March 18, 1929 in Landsberg an der Warthe , † December 1, 2011 in Berlin ) was a German writer . She was one of the most important writers in the GDR and received numerous awards, including a. with the Georg Büchner Prize . Her work has been translated into many languages.

Life

Youth, education and family

Christa Wolf was born in Landsberg an der Warthe in 1929 as the daughter of the merchants Otto and Herta Ihlenfeld. She attended school there until shortly before the end of the war . After fleeing from the advancing Red Army troops , the family initially found a new home in Mecklenburg in 1945 . Wolf worked as a writing assistant for the mayor of the village of Gammelin near Schwerin . She finished high school in 1949 with the Abitur in Bad Frankenhausen and joined the SED in the same year , of which she remained until she left in June 1989. From 1949 to 1953 she studied German in Jena and Leipzig . She wrote her diploma thesis with Hans Mayer on the topic: Problems of realism in the work of Hans Fallada .

Wolf married her college friend in 1951, the later writer Gerhard Wolf , with whom she lived until her death. In 1952 their first daughter Annette was born, who later became Annette Simon, who is now married to Jan Faktor . The journalist Jana Simon is Wolf's granddaughter. In 1956 a second daughter was born.

Professional and authoring activity

Protective cover of the book "We, our time"

Christa Wolf worked from 1953 to 1957 as a research assistant at the German Writers' Association , then as editor-in-chief of the Neues Leben publishing house and from 1958 to 1959 as an editor for the magazine neue deutsche literatur . From 1955 until she was expelled in 1977, she was a member of the board of the GDR Writers' Association .

In 1959 the couple Christa and Gerhard Wolf published two books. One was called us, our time. Prose from 10 years and the other was also called We, our time , but with the addition of poems from 10 years . The occasion was the 10th anniversary of the GDR and the great successes in the literary field should be presented. The book with literary prose contains over 850 pages. The articles report on experiences from the 20th century and the Second World War. The contributions selected by the two Wolfs come from around 40 writers. The printing was done by Aufbau-Verlag Berlin .

From 1959 to 1962 Wolf lived with her family in Halle, where she worked as a freelance editor at Mitteldeutscher Verlag . During this time she worked in accordance with the guidelines of the Bitterfelder Weg for a time in a brigade in the Ammendorf wagon building , where she and her husband also led a “ circle of writing workers ”. She processed her experiences there in the 1963 novel The Divided Sky .

In 1961 Christa Wolf made her debut with her Moscow novella about the love affair between an East Berlin doctor and a Russian interpreter, for which she received the City of Halle Art Prize. Christa Wolf has been working as a freelance writer since 1962. She lived in Kleinmachnow from 1962 to 1976 and then in Berlin . From 1963 to 1967 she was a candidate for the Central Committee of the SED . In 1974 she became a member of the GDR Academy of Arts . As early as 1972 she made a trip to Paris and from 1975 visited the USA several times for study and teaching stays. In 1979 she was accepted into the German Academy for Language and Poetry and in 1980 was the first female author to live in the GDR to be awarded the Georg Büchner Prize.

Christa Wolf (1963)
Gerhard Wolf (left) receives congratulations from his wife Christa Wolf and from Hermann Kant after being awarded the Heinrich Mann Prize, March 26, 1974

In 1981 she became a member of the Academy of Arts in Berlin (West) and in 1984 a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in Paris. Two years later she joined the Free Academy of the Arts in Hamburg .

Since she was one of the signatories of the “open letter against the expatriation of Wolf Biermann ”, she was expelled from the board of the Berlin section of the GDR writers' association in 1977 and received a “severe reprimand” in SED party proceedings. Wolf went on many reading trips, including to Sweden, Finland, France and the USA, where she received an honorary doctorate from Ohio State University .

In 2002, Christa Wolf was honored for her life's work with the German Book Prize, which was awarded for the first time , because, according to the jury, she “bravely interfered in the great debates of the GDR and reunified Germany”.

Political life and literary controversy

Christa Wolf at the final rally of the major Berlin demonstration on November 4, 1989 on Alexanderplatz
Memorial plaque on the house, Amalienpark 7, in Berlin-Pankow

At the end of December 1965 at the 11th plenum of the SED Central Committee (also known as the “Kahlschlagplenum”), Christa Wolf was the only speaker to speak out against a new restrictive cultural policy. In addition, she defended the later banned Bismut novel Rummelplatz by Werner Bräunig , the excerpts of which had been reprinted in the new German literature and triggered outrage within the party leadership: “In my opinion, these excerpts in the NDL do not testify to an anti-socialist attitude, as he is accused of. I cannot agree on this point. I cannot reconcile that with my conscience. ”In 1968 she declared that the ČSSR only had a chance of survival on the side of the Soviet Union , but refused to give a declaration of consent to the invasion in the Writers' Union . As a result, the time of difficult conflicts with the SED power apparatus began for them.

“I am told that the view from which I see the present in my book is harmful to our republic, and if the readers with whom I discuss or write to me do not find it, be they the wrong readers or mine convincing personality. "

- Christa Wolf to Brigitte Reimann , November 19, 1969, from Greetings and live. A friendship in letters, 1964–1973 , pp. 64–65 on her novel, Reflections on Christa T., which appeared only with great difficulty and with a small number of copies .

Christa Wolf was one of the speakers at the demonstration against politics in the GDR on November 4, 1989 on Alexanderplatz in Berlin . In November / December 1989, like many of her fellow writers, she did not believe in the dissolution or destruction of the GDR state. Like many GDR intellectuals, she believed that a reform of socialism under a different leadership was still possible for some time. On November 26, 1989, they stood up for the GDR and against the “sell-out of our material and moral values” in the appeal for our country . During this time, Christa Wolf left no doubt that the changes in the GDR should not apply to the stabilization of the state, but to the “further development of socialism”. That is why she firmly rejected the term Wende , which Egon Krenz had introduced when he took office; this could lead to misunderstandings in the sense of a U-turn, a restoration or a turn to the West. Christa Wolf spoke rather of a "turning point in an era".

On January 21, 1993, Christa Wolf herself announced in the article " Information of the Berliner Zeitung " that she had been listed as " IM Margarete" at the GDR Ministry for State Security from 1959 to 1962 . She had written three reports, which, however, painted an exclusively positive picture of the people concerned. Correspondingly, in internal records from 1962, the Stasi complained about Wolf's “reluctance” and ended the collaboration. As a result, the author and her husband - also in the context of their opinions deviating from the official line - were meticulously observed as an operative "double-tongue"; a situation that lasted until the end of the GDR in 1989. When asked why she stayed in the GDR anyway, she replied in 2010 that she had the feeling that her readers needed her there.

The publication of these facts about Wolf and the criticism of their narrative What remains triggered the so-called literary dispute. In many media she was severely criticized for her stasis obligation, which she was accused of regardless of the social context, the insignificance and long-term self-monitoring - documented in 42 files. In this context, there was some irritation when the Munich CSU demanded that the city council withdraw the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis awarded to the author in 1987 for her book Störfall . This was averted - not least thanks to the committed work of Inge Aicher-Scholl , Hans and Sophie Scholl's older sister . She felt this was a witch hunt and an unjustified reckoning with her desire for democratic socialism and her GDR biography. She compared her situation with her oppression in the GDR. In 1992/93 Christa Wolf went to the USA for a long time. She withdrew from the political public and fell seriously ill - documented, among other things, in the story Leibhaftig . In order to refute the allegations of the media, she published her complete IM file in 1993 under the title File Inspection Christa Wolf. Distorting mirrors and dialogue. A documentation. Wolf wrote her well-known literary works only after cooperating with the Stasi.

Wolf processed her stay in the USA in the 2010 work City of Angels or The Overcoat of Dr. Freud . She reflected on her experience of the post-reunification period, her fundamental loyalty to the idea of socialism and her horror of the effects of capitalism such as the misery of the blacks and the First Iraq War ; in addition, against the background of these historical and personal experiences of upheaval, a fundamental examination of the for her work takes place central utopian writing. For a long time she occupied herself with the publication of her stasis. Originally she compared the fierce criticism with the denunciations when she thought about Christa T. , she later changed this attitude. She overestimated "neither her suffering nor the weight of her spy activity".

The grave of Christa Wolf in the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof in Berlin.

Christa Wolf died on December 1, 2011 after a serious illness at the age of 82 and was buried on December 13 in the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof in Berlin-Mitte . The memorial speech was given by the writer and poet Volker Braun . Her grave has been dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honorary grave since 2018 .

reception

Christa and Gerhard Wolf at an autograph session in Berlin (1973)

Controversy after reunification

Christa Wolf's works were controversial in literary criticism , especially after the German reunification in 1990. After the text What Remains was published, West German critics such as Frank Schirrmacher argued that Christa Wolf had failed to criticize the authoritarianism of the East German communist government. Other critics described Wolf's works as " moralistic ". Defenders of the writer, on the other hand, recognized Christa Wolf's importance as an important representative of East German literature. Fausto Cercignani's study of Wolf's early novels and subsequent essays on her later works helped to promote an awareness of the essence of the East German writer's narrative, regardless of her political and personal vicissitudes. The highlighting of Cercignani on Christa Wolf's heroism cleared the way for subsequent contributions in this direction.

Christa Wolf's political past sparked a controversy in 1993 when it became known that she had worked as IM Margarete for the Stasi from 1959 to 1962 .

Start of work by the Academy of Arts

From 1994 the literary archive of the Akademie der Künste has taken care of Wolf's archive with around 175,000 sheets of manuscripts, diaries, documents, correspondence and around 10,000 letters from readers. Thanks to a donation from Luchterhand Literaturverlag in 2011, it was supplemented by the publisher's complete review archive for all of the author's works published there between 1969 and 2004.

Christa Wolf Society

The Christa Wolf Society was founded in Berlin at the end of 2013 . The association, chaired by the literary scholar Therese Hörnigk, aims, according to its statutes, to promote the study and dissemination of Christa Wolf's work, the care of her estate and the memory of her life. The deputy chairman is Gerhard Wolf, and the board of directors includes Daniela Dahn , Günter Grass and Volker Braun . For honorary member Egon Bahr († August 19, 2015) Wolf's book City of Angels or The Overcoat of Dr. Freud one of the most important books of the present day.

Christa Wolf Monument

The Nellys Bank memorial was inaugurated publicly on October 29, 2015 in Christa Wolf's birthplace Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe until the end of World War II ) by the Polish “Society of Friends of Gorzów” in the presence of Gerhard Wolf and Therese Hörnigk. The character Nelly Jordan from Wolf's novel Childhood Pattern has strong autobiographical traits. The monument was made in bronze by Michael Bajsarowicz and depicts the young Nelly Jordan sitting on a bench. It is intended to invite citizens to linger next to the seated bronze sculpture in order to enter into a dialogue with the author. In her life, Wolf was always open to questions and letters to the editor - therefore, in the opinion of the jury, this honor is appropriate.

Literary reception

Both Christa Wolf's summer piece and Sarah Kirsch's Chronik Allerlei-Rauh tell of a Mecklenburg summer they shared with friends in the 1970s. The entertaining festivals and activities of the artist colony as well as the conversations about private joys and worries cannot obscure the tense political atmosphere prior to the expatriation of Wolf Biermann, only hinted at in Kirsch's chronicle. On the one hand, the two authors and their narrators formulate the different assessments of the situation in self-critical retrospect: “Something would change, today we all say that we knew it couldn't stay that way. [...] The scream that sat in our throats was not uttered. We never got out of our skin ”and on the other hand:“ But it seemed unbelievable to me that the residents were ready to feed on the paste of hope, to believe in a miracle that should come from precisely where Heinrich Vogeler once was in disappeared from a camp [deportation to Kazakhstan] ”.

Wolf and Kirsch point to the fictional character of the texts, but the role models of the main characters are clearly recognizable. The Allerlei-Rauh- narrator Sarah Kirsch addresses the problem of identification by taking up the preface “Everything is free / invented and every name / was mixed up” in connection with a commentary on the delayed edition history of Wolf's story. She suspects personal considerations and warns: "Nothing is gained by mystifying false names, we have to stand up for ourselves, Christa cannot become a kitty any more than Carola can become a Cordula or me a Bernhardine."

Awards

Presentation of the GDR National Prize by Walter Ulbricht (1964)

Works

Books

Anthologies

  • We, our time. Poems from 10 years . With Gerhard Wolf. Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin 1959, DNB  455741336 .
  • We, our time. Prose from 10 years . With Gerhard Wolf. Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin 1959, DNB  455741344 .
  • Read and write. Essays and reflections . Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin / Weimar 1972, DNB  576942170 .
  • Under the linden trees. 3 unlikely stories . Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin / Weimar 1974, DNB  750197668 (latest edition from Insel, Berlin 2012 ( Insel-Bücherei 1355), ISBN 978-3-458-19355-5 ).
  • Continued attempt. Articles, conversations, essays . Reclam-Verlag, Leipzig 1979, DNB  800287312 .
  • Reading and writing, new collection. Essays, essays, speeches . Luchterhand, Darmstadt / Neuwied 1980, ISBN 3-472-61295-9 .
  • Gender swap. 3 stories about the transformation of circumstances . With Sarah Kirsch and Irmtraud Morgner . Luchterhand, Darmstadt / Neuwied 1980, ISBN 3-472-61315-7 .
  • Narratives . Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin / Weimar 1985, DNB  850885078 .
  • A longing goes into the unrestrained. Discussion room romance, prose, essays . With Gerhard Wolf. Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin / Weimar 1985, DNB  860483428 (latest edition from Insel, Frankfurt / Leipzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-458-35080-4 ).
  • The dimension of the author. Essays and essays, speeches and conversations 1959–1985 . Selected by Angela Drescher. Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin Weimar 1986, ISBN 3-351-00315-3 .
  • Speeches . Luchterhand-Literaturverlag, Darmstadt 1988, ISBN 3-630-86684-0 .
  • Collected stories . Aufbau-Verlag, East Berlin / Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-351-01373-6 .
  • Christa Wolf, In Dialogue. Current texts . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin / Weimar 1990 (latest edition from dtv, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-423-11932-2 ).
  • Speeches in the fall . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin / Weimar 1990, ISBN 3-351-01784-7 .
  • On the way to Tabou. Texts 1990-1994 . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-462-02349-7 .
  • Greetings and live. A Friendship in Letters, 1964–1973 . With Brigitte Reimann . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin / Weimar 1995, ISBN 3-351-02226-3 .
  • Our friends, the painters. Pictures, essays, documents . With Gerhard Wolf. Janus Press, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-928942-24-7 .
  • Elsewhere in this country. Short stories and other texts 1994–1998 . Luchterhand, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-630-86998-X .
  • Monsieur - we will find each other again. Letters 1968–1984 . With Franz Fühmann . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-351-02330-8 .
  • Shades of green. Selected texts on landscape and nature . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-351-02955-1 .
  • The crowded life. Letters, conversations and essays . With Anna Seghers . Aufbau-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-7466-1424-4 .
  • One day a year . 1960-2000 . Luchterhand, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-630-87149-6 .
  • Yes, our circles touch. Letters . With Charlotte Wolff . Luchterhand, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-630-87182-8 .
  • With a different view. Narratives . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-518-41720-7 .
  • The words vein network. Essays and speeches . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-518-12475-8 .
  • The desire to be known. Stories 1960–1980 . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-518-45942-3 .
  • Speak that I see you: essays, speeches, conversations . Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-518-42313-4 .
  • Ed. Gerhard Wolf : One day in the year in the new century. 2001-2011 . Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-518-42360-8 .

Radio plays

  • No place. Nowhere , radio play version together with Gerhard Wolf, director: Ernst Wendt , WDR / SDR 1982
  • Kassandra , directed by Ernst Wendt, WDR 1985
  • Kassandra , radio play adaptation: Jean-Pierre Vuilleumier and Barbara Magdalena Ahren, director: Mario Hindermann, DRS 1987
  • Störfall , radio play version and director: Götz Fritsch , ORF / hr / SWF / SFB 1988
  • Medea Voices , radio play version, director: Jörg Jannings , NDR 1997
  • Im Stein , radio play version, director: Jörg Jannings , DLR 1999

Movies

Sound carrier

interview

literature

  • Katharina von Ankum: The reception of Christa Wolf in East and West, from “Moscow Novelle” to “Self-Experiment”. Rodopi, Amsterdam 1992, ISBN 90-5183-276-1 online at googlebooks .
  • Peter Böthig (Ed.): Christa Wolf - A biography in pictures and texts. Luchterhand, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-630-87169-0 .
  • Fausto Cercignani : Existence and heroism with Christa Wolf: "The divided heaven" and "Kassandra". Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1988, ISBN 3-88479-370-5 .
  • Carsten Gansel (Ed.): Christa Wolf - In the stream of memories. V&R Unipress, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8471-0249-6 .
  • Clemens Götze: Forget nothing - autobiographical writing as self-awareness in Christa Wolf's novel "City of Angels" or The Overcoat of Dr. Freud. In: I will go on living, and really well. Modern Myths in 20th Century Literature. wvb, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86573-591-1 , pp. 57-78.
  • Sonja Hilzinger: Christa Wolf. Life, work, effect. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-518-18224-2 .
  • Therese Hörnigk:  Wolf, Christa . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Jörg Magenau : Christa Wolf - A biography. Revised exp. New edition, Rowohlt-Taschenbuch, Reinbek 2013, ISBN 978-3-499-61085-1 .
  • Régine Robin: The attack on Christa Wolf and the de-legitimization of the GDR intellectuals. In: Berlin. Memory of a city. (Berlin chantiers) Nachw. Lothar Baier , transl. From the Canadian French: Ronald Voullié. Transit, Berlin 2002, pp. 149–161.
  • Gisela Stockmann: Christa Wolf. Amselweg. In: Steps out of the shadows. Women in Saxony-Anhalt. Dingsda, Querfurt 1993, ISBN 3-928498-12-6 .
  • Hermann Vinke (Ed.): File inspection Christa Wolf. Distorting mirrors and dialogue. A documentation. Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-630-86814-2 (published on the instigation of Christa Wolf).
  • Thomas Grimm (Ed.) With Gerhard Wolf : Christa Wolf: Umbruch und Wendezeiten. Suhrkamp Taschenbuch, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-518-46962-0 .

University theses:

Movies

  • Time loops - In dialogue with Christa Wolf , DEFA documentary by Karlheinz Mund
  • One day, one year, one life. The writer Christa Wolf. Cultural documentary, 50 min., A film by Gabriele Conrad and Gabriele Denecke, production: RBB , arte , broadcast: July 29, 2005 at arte, u. a. with Günter Grass , Friedrich Schorlemmer

Web links

Commons : Christa Wolf  - Collection of Images
Wikiquote: Christa Wolf  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Portrait of Christa Wolf on munzinger.de, accessed on March 14, 2013
  2. ^ Author portrait Jan Faktor ( Memento from January 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ "Patterns of life - ways to Christa Wolf" , by Rüdiger Thomas, on das-parlament.de
  4. ↑ Protests by more than 90 GDR artists against the expatriation of Wolf Biermann , on gegen-diktatur.de
  5. ↑ Biography of Christa Wolf , on fembio.org
  6. ↑ a b Christa Wolf, contribution to the discussion . In: Günter Agde (Ed.): Kahlschlag. The 11th plenum of the Central Committee of the SED in 1965. Studies and documents . Structure of paperback, Berlin 1991, p.  52–63 (completely revised version in: Kahlschlag, 2nd, extended edition. Structure paperback, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7466-8045-X ).
  7. ↑ Wolf Biermann: Don't wait for better times! Ullstein, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-549-07473-2 , pp. 436 .
  8. ↑ Speeches at the Alexanderplatz demonstration
  9. ^ The language found again , Friday , October 25, 2009
  10. ↑ Appeal: For our country
  11. ↑ See Paul Gerhard Klussmann: “The story is open”. Utopia and loss of utopia at the end of 1989, in: ders. And Frank Hoffmann (eds.): The 1989 epoch year in Germany, small writings from the Institute for Germany Research, Bochum 2000
  12. ↑ Cf. Christa Wolf: On the way to Tabou , 1994
  13. ↑ The dispute about Christa Wolf and the intellectuals in a united Germany , a review from 1996, by Thomas Anz on literaturkritik.de
  14. ^ The fearful Margaret . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1993 ( online ).
  15. ↑ a b Wolfgang Thierse: I am moving out again , June 23, 2010
  16. ^ History of the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis , on geschwister-scholl-preis.de
  17. ^ Hermann Vinke (Ed.): File inspection Christa Wolf. Distorting mirrors and dialogue. A documentation. Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-630-86814-2 .
  18. ↑ Peter Paul Schwarz, Sebastian Wilde: "And yet, and yet ..." - Transformation of the utopian in Christa Wolf's "City of Angels or The Overcoat by Dr. Freud". In: Carsten Gansel (Ed.): Christa Wolf - In the stream of memories. V&R Unipress, Göttingen 2014, pp. 231–244, here pp. 231–232 u. 243-244
  19. ↑ Journey to the End of Tugend ZEIT online , accessed on November 17, 2013
  20. ↑ On the death of Christa Wolf on suhrkamp.de from December 1, 2011, accessed on November 16, 2013
  21. ↑ On the death of Christa Wolf: A socialist who offended in socialism on sueddeutsche.de ; Retrieved November 16, 2013
  22. ↑ A Guardian Angel Squadron Volker Braun : Speech for Christa Wolf, held on December 13, 2011 at the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof, Zeit Online , December 15, 2011
  23. ↑ Dolores L. Augustine: The Impact of Two Reunification-Era Debates on the East German Sense of Identity ; German Studies Review (German Studies Association) 27 (2004), pp. 569–571 (abstract, English)
  24. ^ Fausto Cercignani : Existence and heroism with Christa Wolf. "Der teilte Himmel" and "Kassandra" , Würzburg, Königshausen & Neumann, 1988. For the following articles see FAUSTO CERCIGNANI Publication ( Memento of December 28, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
  25. ^ The fearful Margarete Spiegel, January 25, 1993
  26. ^ Obituary by Nathalie Verseux in Liberation , December 2, 2011 (French)
  27. ↑ Christa Wolf - Review archive to the Academy of the Arts, Berlin , press release Academy of the Arts , dated February 4, 2011
  28. ^ Founding announcement of the Christa Wolf Society.
  29. ^ Mourning for Egon Bahr, honorary member of the Christa Wolf Society . Christa Wolf Society from August 20, 2015.
  30. ^ Memorial to Nelly's Bank
  31. ↑ Inauguration of the Christa Wolf Monument in Gorzów Wielkopolski (October 29, 2015)
  32. ↑ Christa Wolf: Summer Piece. Frankfurt am Main 1989.
  33. ^ Sarah Kirsch: Allerlei-Rauh ; Stuttgart 1988.
  34. ↑ Christa Wolf, 1989, p. 124.
  35. ↑ Sarah Kirsch, 1988, p. 88.
  36. ↑ Christa Wolf, 1989, concluding remark.
  37. ↑ Sarah Kirsch, 1988, introduction.
  38. ↑ Sarah Kirsch, 1988, p. 61.
  39. ↑ Sarah Kirsch, 1988, p. 61.
  40. ↑ Honorary Members: Christa Wolf. American Academy of Arts and Letters, accessed March 8, 2019 .
  41. ↑ Albo d'oro
  42. ^ Time loops - In dialogue with Christa Wolf. DEFA Foundation, accessed on August 14, 2019 .
  43. ↑ Interview with the director Conrad, accessed on November 14, 2010 ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Wolf, Christa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ihlenfeld, Christa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 18, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Landsberg on the Warta
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 2011
Place of death Berlin