Hofbräuhaus am Platzl

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The Hofbräuhaus am Platzl in Munich (north side)

The Staatliche Hofbräuhaus am Platzl is a beer palace in Munich's old town on the Platzl . It has long been the seat of accompanying brewery Hofbräu , from which it also authorized the continued use of the prefix Hof derived.

history

The white Hofbräuhaus around 1880. It was torn down in 1896/97 and replaced by today's Hofbräuhaus.
The Hofbräuhaus on a postcard from the late 19th century.
The statue of the “Bräuknecht” on the north gable was created by the sculptor Julius Jordan .
Philip Alexius de László : In the Munich Hofbräuhaus, painting from 1892
In the courtyard of the Hofbräuhaus, postcard from the end of the 19th century
Historical view of the large hall of the Hofbräuhaus; on the wall surface the painting “ Patrona Bavariae ” by the Passau painter Ferdinand Wagner

The Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V announced on 27 September 1589 the construction of the Hofbräuhaus brewery as to supply the Wittelsbach court and its staff in order, after which the name back. The purpose of the building was to reduce the farm's expenses with the production of brown beer , as the beer had previously been expensive imported from the Lower Saxony Hanseatic city of Einbeck (but only as seasonal beer in spring) or bought from private breweries. So was z. B. also obtained beer from Zschopau in Saxony, Kassel and Schwabach . The location of the new brewery was the former chicken house. The master brewer of the Benedictine monastery Geisenfeld in the Hallertau , Haimeran Pongratz , who built the Hofbräuhaus at the Alter Hof in Munich, was engaged as a planner . Upon completion, Pongratz also became the first master brewer in the Braunen Hofbräuhaus , where he brewed the Munich brown beer (also known as red beer in Nuremberg ). According to today's designation, it was in the Sparkassenstrasse next to the so-called Zerwirkgewölbe.

Hans Sigmund von Degenberg died on June 10, 1602. He was the last male descendant of the counts of the Degenbergs , who lived in Schwarzach in the Bavarian Forest and who had the sole privilege of brewing wheat beer north of the Danube in Bavaria . His widow placed herself under the protection of the Bavarian duke, whose country residents were the Degenbergs. Since the wheat beer privilege had been issued to the Degenbergers by his ancestor Wilhelm IV in 1548 , Wilhelm's son Maximilian I took the privilege back to himself (he had previously had a legal opinion drawn up) in order to only use the wheat beer in future to be able to use; Finally, he commissioned the Degenbergs' Schwarzach wheat beer brewer, Wolf Peter, to brew his beer in Munich in the future. Before the death of his employer, he had already brewed the Duke a sample of wheat beer in Munich. The top-fermented specialty enjoyed rapidly growing popularity.

The then Oberbräuknecht Lettl was mistakenly interpreted as a master brewer by Josef Benno Sailer for the first time in 1929, and other authors after him adopted the error. Not only did Sailer misunderstand the function, he also misread the name, namely Bettl instead of right Lettl. Heinrich Letzing corrected this, however, in his fundamental dissertation from 1994 based on the files in the main state archive in Munich.

The first White Preumaister was Hans Amman, who was dismissed when the Schwarzach master brewer Peter could be committed to Munich.

Not least because of the worsened agricultural conditions (" Little Ice Age "), less Bavarian wine was purchased from the farm and instead the production of beer was favored. The increased production volumes soon made the capacity of the Hofbräuhaus scarce, so that attempts were made (proven from 1604) to outsource production to a new building. In 1607 the new Hofbräuhaus at the place called “ Platzl ” much later , the current location of the Hofbräuhaus, was completed, and in 1608 the brewing facilities for the brown beer were also relocated there. The new building was now the brewing facility for brown and white beer. The enterprising Maximilian also built brewhouses in other Bavarian cities, which later advertised themselves as court breweries. In 1610 he allowed beer to be sold to innkeepers and private individuals, and soon he obliged Munich innkeepers to also serve the Hofbräubier through the licensing law.

In order to get closer to the quality of Einbecker beer with the "Ainpock" in spring (not with the entire brown beer) , the brewer Elias Pichler was recruited from there to Munich in 1612. The Einbecker's beer, the Ainpöck , was soon given the name Bock, which is still used today, in the Munich dialect . Even the brewing of bock beer was reserved exclusively for the Hofbräuhaus until 1810, so that the Hofbräuhaus soon became an important source of income. Allegedly, a large part of the Bavarian state expenditure for the Thirty Years War was paid in this way. At least at times, 30 to 50 percent of the state's income came from wheat beer alone.

In 1828 King Ludwig I ordered the hospitality : From then on it was allowed to entertain the population in the Hofbräuhaus. In 1844 he set the beer price well below the usual level at the time in order to "offer the military and the working class a healthy and cheap drink."

In 1856 the master brewer Georg Schneider leased the Hofbräuhaus. Since the 1760s, top-fermented wheat beer had gradually gone out of fashion. Since technical inventions such as the Lindesche refrigeration machine had not yet been made, this can only be explained with a change in public taste. The Hofbräuhaus reacted to the new situation: wheat beer production was constantly reduced in favor of bottom-fermented beers and finally abandoned completely in 1872. The Wittelsbach monopoly on brewing wheat beer had already been lifted in 1798, but you still needed a shelf to run a wheat beer brewery. Master brewer Schneider succeeded in acquiring the wheat beer shelf from King Ludwig II , which was now in the Hofbräuhaus and was no longer required , with which he founded the G. Schneider & Sohn brewery , a bourgeois wheat beer brewery that still exists today.

The yearbook for Munich history reported incompletely in 1890: “On the east side of today's“ Plätzchens ”, formerly“ Platzl ”, in olden times called“ Graggenau ”... there was a line of seven houses along the city wall: ... in the tax book 1607 ... «Of the Duke Preuhaus»… Johann Maurer was the Preu administrator in 1607 and Hans Stuber was the court chaplain. In the period of 145 years (1585-1730) the area of ​​the royal Hofbräuhaus was acquired. An attached marble plaque read in gold letters: 'The king. Hofbräuhaus was built on the site of 6 private houses and the former ducal Cantorei house, which in 1585 a. Purchased in 1586 for the construction and in 1616, 1661, 1680 and 1730 for the expansion of the ducal and later electoral white brewery. … 'However, the work of Heinrich Letzing has shown that Hans Manhart was the last Hofbräu, and Stuber was Bräumister from 1598 to 1607 as the successor to Wolf Ziegler. "()

With the increasing tourism in Munich, the Hofbräuhaus enjoyed increasing popularity, so that in 1896 Prince Regent Luitpold decided to relocate the brewery to Innere Wiener Straße am Gasteig in the Haidhausen district (where the Hofbräukeller is now located ) and to greatly enlarge and enlarge the guest area of ​​the Hofbräuhaus to have it rebuilt in the neo-renaissance style. The planning was carried out by the architect Max Littmann and the renovation was carried out in two stages by the company Heilmann & Littmann, which was founded together with his father-in-law Jakob Heilmann : the last beer was boiled on May 22, 1896, and the new one took place on August 10, 1896 Brewery in Haidhausen started operations, on September 2, 1896, the demolition of the old brewhouse began, and from February 9, 1897, the newly built barrels were in operation. Now the neighboring administration building has been demolished and replaced by a large restaurant area. On September 22nd, 1897, the Hofbräuhaus was officially opened in its new form, which largely corresponds to today's. The cost of the conversion amounted to 819,000  gold marks .

During the time of the Munich Soviet Republic , on April 13, 1919 (Palm Sunday), works and soldiers' councils in the Hofbräuhaus proclaimed the Communist Soviet Republic . This replaced the Soviet Republic of Baiern , which was proclaimed by Ernst Toller , Erich Mühsam and Gustav Landauer on April 7, 1919 . The proclamation took place during a fight against the Republican Defense Force, which was trying to overthrow the Soviet Republic.

On February 24, 1920, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was founded in the Hofbräuhaus in front of about 2000 people . It was renamed from the German Workers' Party . As part of the foundation, Adolf Hitler announced the 25-point program , the party program of the NSDAP.

On June 14, 1920, on the initiative of the Alpine Club, the Bavarian mountain rescue service was founded in the Hofbräuhaus as a customs and nature protection watch .

During the Second World War , the Hofbräuhaus was completely destroyed except for the flood in 1945 when Munich was bombed by the Allies . To mark the 800th anniversary of Munich in 1958, the reconstruction was completed with the reopening of the ballroom. After a tenant change in 2004, the “Trinkstube” was rebuilt at a cost of millions and reopened as the “Bräustüberl” in July 2005. To this day the Hofbräuhaus is an attraction for tourists from all over the world. It counts up to 35,000 visitors every day and generates double-digit millions in income for the Bavarian state.

In 2004, a replica of the Hofbräuhaus based on the original was built in Las Vegas in the United States under license .

From the time it was founded, the Hofbräuhaus was owned by the Bavarian rulers, first dukes and later electors. From 1806 it was the Royal Hofbräuhaus until King Maximilian II handed it over to the Bavarian state in 1852 ; today's official name is Staatliches Hofbräuhaus am Platzl .

Landlords of the Hofbräuhaus

  • 1885–1896: Martin Ammerloher, last landlord before the redesign
  • 1897–1906: Joseph Wittmann, the first host of the newly designed Hofbräuhaus
  • 1906–1919: Karl Mittermüller, landlord during the shortage economy and the First World War
  • 1919–1930: Johann Panzer, landlord during the period of high inflation
  • 1930–1945: Hans Bacherl, landlord during the time of National Socialism and World War II , Hermann Esser's father-in-law
  • 1945–1950: Valentin Emmert, landlord in the shortage years of the immediate post-war period
  • 1950–1960: Franz Trimborn; Major reconstruction work took place during his time as a landlord
  • 1960–1970: Toni Steiner; numerous renovations and innovations during this time, including the largest stove in the world at the time with a length of 10 meters
  • 1970–1980: Hans Glanegger; First serving from paper cups after riots by football fans on May 30, 1979, during which beer mugs were smashed
  • 1980–2004: Michael and Gerda Sperger family
  • since 2004: families of sons Wolfgang and Michael Sperger

Today's structure

Personal pitchers
Interior view of the Hofbräuhaus
Ballroom on the upper floor

The Schwemme on the ground floor , a large beer hall, is the most famous part of the Hofbräuhaus and offers space for around 1000 people at wooden tables. For regulars there are shelves there where they can lock their beer mugs.

On the upper floors there is a ballroom with a nine meter high vault for around 1500 people as well as additional rooms for a total of more than 1000 people (Wappensaal, Munich room, oriel room, Bräustüberl, the former "drinking room"). The inner courtyard with the lion fountain serves as a beer garden in summer .

Maibock tapping

The bottom-fermented strong beer has been brewed with 7.2% alcohol since 1614, originally the higher alcohol content was used for better storage in summer.

For years, the Maibock tapping has been offered as a political pest as in the competition at Nockherberg . Django Asül has performed here since 2008 .

Hofbräuhaus song

The song In Munich stands a Hofbräuhaus , composed in 1935, is one of the most popular mood songs worldwide and is part of the repertoire of many brass bands . It was composed by Wilhelm "Wiga" Gabriel from Berlin .

Lenin in the Hofbräuhaus

Lenin stayed in Munich for a few years during his emigration. In the memoirs of his wife Nadezhda Krupskaja the sentence can be found:

«На стенах, на пивных кружках везде стоят буквы, Н.В. ' -, Народная воля '- смеялась я. »

"The letters' HB ', Narodnaja Wolja' are everywhere on the walls, on the beer mugs, I laughed."

She alluded to the fact that the Latin letters "HB" look exactly like the Cyrillic abbreviation for the social-revolutionary secret society " Narodnaja Wolja " ("People's Will") founded in the 1870s , which organized the murder of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Krupskaja adds that her husband praised the Hofbräu beer with the eyes of a connoisseur and lover.

See also

literature

  • Egon Dheus, Bernd HD Kirchner (ed.): The Hofbräuhaus am Platzl in Munich 1897–1997 - 100 years in its world-famous shape today . Publishing house for target group information, Pöcking / Starnberg 1997, ISBN 3-9802432-6-5 .
  • Bernd HD Kirchner (Ed.): State Hofbräuhaus in Munich: Company portrait 1990–1996 . Publishing house for target group information, Pöcking / Starnberg 1996, ISBN 3-9802432-3-0 .
  • Andreas Richter (author), Staatliches Hofbräuhaus (ed.): Hofbräuhaus Munich 1589–1989: 400 years of tradition. Festschrift . Gerber, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87249-132-6 .
  • Heinrich Letzing: The wheat beer privilege of Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria for Hans VI. from Degenberg . In: Yearbook of the Society for History and Bibliography of Brewing 1994/95, pp. 343–346.
  • Heinrich Letzing: The history of the beer brewing of the Wittelsbacher: the establishment of the Hofbräuhaus Munich and the emergence of the ducal wheat beer monopoly in the dispute with the state estates up to the state parliament of 1612 as well as the basics of beer compulsory . Studies on the state budget, administrative practice, economic, social and agricultural history of old Bavaria. Wißner, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-928898-88-4 (also dissertation, University of Augsburg 1994)
  • Birgit and Rainer Stock: The beer comic. The story of the Hofbräuhaus in Munich [the official HB comic]. Stock, Rottach-Egern 1994, ISBN 3-00-013742-4 . There is also a “Boarian” ISBN 3-9810530-0-1 and English ISBN 3-9810530-2-8 edition.
  • Friedrich Hitzer: The murder in the Hofbräuhaus: Unknown and forgotten from the Bavarian Soviet Republic . Röderberg-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-87682-731-0 .

Web links

Commons : Hofbräuhaus am Platzl  - collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ^ Heinrich Letzing: The history of the beer brewing of the Wittelsbacher: the establishment of the Hofbräuhaus Munich and the emergence of the ducal wheat beer monopoly in the dispute with the state estates up to the state parliament of 1612 as well as the basics of beer compulsory . Studies on the state budget, administrative practice, economic, social and agricultural history of old Bavaria. Wißner, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-928898-88-4 (also dissertation, University of Augsburg 1994), p. 170.
  2. ^ Heinrich Letzing: The history of the beer brewing of the Wittelsbacher: the establishment of the Hofbräuhaus Munich and the emergence of the ducal wheat beer monopoly in the dispute with the state estates up to the state parliament of 1612 as well as the basics of beer compulsory . Studies on the state budget, administrative practice, economic, social and agricultural history of old Bavaria. Wißner, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-928898-88-4 (also dissertation, University of Augsburg 1994).
  3. ^ The royal Hofbräuhaus and the old Hofbräuhauskeller , Yearbook for Munich History, Volume 4. Munich 1890. P. 448.
  4. ^ Heinrich Letzing: The history of the beer brewing of the Wittelsbacher: the establishment of the Hofbräuhaus Munich and the emergence of the ducal wheat beer monopoly in the dispute with the state estates up to the state parliament of 1612 as well as the basics of beer compulsory . Studies on the state budget, administrative practice, economic, social and agricultural history of old Bavaria. Wißner, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-928898-88-4 (also dissertation, University of Augsburg 1994), p. 191.
  5. ↑ Stephanie Geiger, Munich: 100 Years of Mountain Rescue: When the mountain climber calls! In: FAZ.NET . June 14, 2020, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed June 14, 2020]).
  6. ^ Paul Brandt: The Munich Hofbräuhaus. Bayerland, Dachau 1997, ISBN 3-89251-232-9 .
  7. ↑ Host family Sperger in the second generation. (No longer available online.) In: hofbraeuhaus.de. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017 ; Retrieved May 22, 2011 .
  8. ↑ Maibock tapping 2019 | Hofbräu Munich. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Berthold Neff: "Cabaret must hurt". Retrieved April 20, 2020 .
  10. ^ Nadezhda Krupskaya: O Wladimire Ilyich. Iz wospominanii. Detskaja literatura, Moscow 1970, p. 205.

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 16 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 48.6 ″  E