Nockherberg
The Nockherberg is a small terrace on the slope edge of the eastern Isar high bank in Munich 's Au district .
On the edge of the site of the bottling plant and the sales warehouse of the Paulaner brewery , which was located there until February 2016, bordering on Hochstrasse, the Salvator bar takes place annually on the Nockherberg in the Salvatorkeller , a traditional strong beer festival . The term Nockherberg is often used synonymously for this festival, especially for its prelude, the strong beer tasting (also: strong beer tapping ) in combination with the politician derblecken, which regularly attracts widespread media attention .
Origin of name and location
The name of the Nockherberg and two streets there ( Am Nockherberg , Nockherstraße ) goes back to the banking family Nockher. This had been based in Munich since the early 18th century and had owned a summer house on the eastern Isarhöhe from 1789 on today's street Am Nockherberg, the so-called "Nockherschlösschen".
The Nockherberg is located in the Hochau in the Au-Haidhausen district . From the Nockherberg (about 535 m above sea level ) the terrain drops in a north-westerly direction towards the Isar by about 20 m. Below the hill is the street Am Neudeck with the former penal institution Neudeck , to the north of this the Mariahilfplatz and to the southwest the old Paulaner brewery facilities.
From Neudeck, the Bergstrasse Am Nockherberg, which was previously called Ohlmüllerstrasse, winds up the slope and turns into Sankt-Bonifatius-Strasse at the top. The north-eastern part of the Nockherberg was formed (until the brewery moved to Munich-Langwied ) the new part of the brewery site - with a rail connection to the Ostbahnhof - between Regerstraße in the east and Hochstraße in the west. This branches off from the street Am Nockherberg near the upper end and is connected to it again via the small Zacherlweg.
If you cross the street Am Nockherberg there, you get to the municipal Kronepark , which occupies the south-western part of the hill and was built in 1958 on the property of the former circus director Carl Krone and his widow Ida Krone , who died in 1957 . Nockherstrasse, formerly “Bei den Jägerhäusln”, runs to the west below the park with playground, and various paths lead down to it. This is where the German Youth Institute has settled. The southwest end of Nockherstrasse is Columbus Square.
Strong beer festival
The strong beer festival is held every year during Lent in the Paulaner festival hall at Hochstraße 77. It begins around St. Joseph's Day (March 19) and lasts 17 days, often referred to as strong beer time or the fifth season in Munich . The festival follows the tradition of the Holy Father Festival on April 2nd , at which St. Francis of Paola was commemorated, the founder of the Paulaner Order .
With its beer benches , atmospheric music and the large number of visitors, the Salvator bar in its current form is in many ways similar to the beer tents at the Munich Oktoberfest . On the Nockherberg, beer is not poured in glass mugs, as is usually the case, but in Keferloher clay mugs, which keeps the beer cool longer, but also makes it easier to pour it "with restraint".
History of serving strong beer
The serving of strong beer during Lent can be traced back to a rule of the order of the Paulaner monks residing in Neudeck ob der Au monastery , who brewed beer in their monastery brewery from 1634 at the latest. In general, they had to eat very meagerly and therefore needed "liquid bread" to strengthen themselves, especially during the even stricter fasting period, which did not break the fast. In honor of the founder of the order, a particularly strong type of beer has been served every spring since 1651, the "Sankt-Vater-Bier", the later Salvator . Over time, the friars also sold this outside the home, primarily to supply the poor village population, but also to improve the monastery budget.
In the 18th century it became customary to invite the Bavarian elector to the annual tapping of the strong beer on April 2nd and to serve him the first mug of beer. With a mandate from March 31, 1751, Elector Maximilian III. Joseph expressly the public serving of beer on the feast day of Franz von Paola. On February 26, 1780, Karl Theodor , elector of Bavaria since 1777, allowed the Paulans to serve beer all year round. The Holy Father Festival in 1799, in which the entire court of Elector Maximilian IV Joseph took part, was the largest festival in the city up to that point . But in the same year the Neudeck monastery was closed. The Klosterbräuhaus opposite was expropriated in the course of secularization and initially sold to the Order of St. John in 1803.
The brewer Franz Xaver Zacherl (* 1772, † 1849) leased the Paulaner brewery in 1806 and finally bought it in 1813, making it a bourgeois brewery ; The Zacherlweg on the Nockherberg is named after him. Zacherl continued the tradition of the annual strong beer tapping on April 2nd and the festive serving in the subsequent octave (eight days). In the middle of the 19th century, the beginning of the serving shifted back to March and the strong beer season extended: In 1861 the Salvator serving began on the Sunday before Josefi and lasted twelve days. Since 1858 the brewery had Gstanzl singers and folk actors perform to increase sales . At the tapping in 1891 there was the first Salvator speech, and after a war-related interruption from 1939 to 1950, the strong beer tasting took on its current form, in which politicians are preferred to be “ derbleckt ”, ie cabaret .
The "Salvator Battle" of 1888
The only unpeaceful exception in the history of the citizens' festival came on March 23, 1888, when a minor brawl turned into a mass brawl. For a minor reason, there was a dispute between soldiers of the Bavarian Army and civilians in the basement hall . When an artilleryman drew his saber, a major brawl broke out, in which sticks and beer mugs were also used and therefore a relatively high number of injuries were to be lamented. Little by little the violence spread to the hall and garden. The incoming gendarmerie and also the prison guard from Neudeck could not stop the crowd until finally a 50-man heavy rider unit arrived and rode into the hall, swinging sabers. When the disputes broke out, only one gendarmerie sergeant was on duty on the Nockherberg, which was seen as a reason for the escalation in a later investigation . Sometimes it is also argued that an increased Salvator price was the real cause of the irritability of the festival visitors. The “scandal year” of 1888 remained a topic of conversation in Munich for years.
Venue
The Salvator bar originally did not take place on the Nockherberg, but in the old brewery building on Neudeck at the corner of Falkenstrasse and Ohlmüllerstrasse. 1822 was there on the grounds of the Paulaner garden for year-round serving of "Fast beer" the economy Zacherl garden built, which was by 2008. From 1846 to 1860 it was served in the so-called Neudecker Garten in the Au. In 1858 the banker Georg Nockher sold his summer residence on the Nockherberg to the Paulaner brewery (at that time still “Zacherlbräu”), which converted it into a garden restaurant. From the spring of 1861, the bar was served here in the new Zacherl cellar , called Salvatorkeller at the latest since 1928 . The restaurant Zum Nockhergarten , the former "Nockherschlösschen", was demolished in 1903/1904.
During the Second World War , the massive vaults of the brewery tunnels were used as the command post for the Munich air raid shelter, and part of it was also released as an air raid shelter for the population. After the cellar was completely destroyed in an air raid on April 24, 1944, the restaurant and the new Salvatorkeller designed by Professor Franz Zell were reopened on March 11, 1950 .
On August 28, 1965, the right-wing extremist party NPD held its first federal party conference in the Salvatorkeller.
On the night of November 27th to 28th, 1999, the cellar, now called the Paulaner cellar , was almost completely destroyed by arson . The extinguishing work with 89 fire brigade vehicles lasted two days, causing damage of around 15 million euros. Despite intensive efforts, the perpetrator has not yet been identified among 650 suspects. In March 2004, the 39-year-old Karl R., a nominal stepbrother Nockherberg host Peter Pongratz and relative of the Fischer-Vroni family in custody taken. However, for lack of evidence, he was released a few months later.
In the years 2000 to 2002 the Salvator bar took place in a specially erected tent on Mariahilfplatz below the Nockherberg. The Paulaner cellar was demolished in 2001 and finally replaced in 2003 by the newly built, above-ground Paulaner ballroom , which can accommodate up to 2,500 visitors. The costs for the new building amounted to around 25 million euros. A room in the vaulted cellar of the new Paulaner tavern on Nockherberg is now called Salvatorkeller again . In the beer garden, which has been accessible again since 2003, is the well known from television advertising.
Political prelude: the strong beer tasting
The kick-off event of the annual Salvator serving is the strong beer tasting. The specialty of this event lies in the presence of many Bavarian state politicians and federal politicians. Thanks to the broadcast on Bavarian television since 1982, the strong beer tapping on the Nockherberg is also accessible to a wide audience. The 2004 television broadcast was followed by approximately 2.8 million viewers. In 2015 the live broadcast had 2.8 million viewers across Germany, including 2.05 million viewers in Bavaria.
The event begins with the actual beer tasting . The first measure , which used to be available to the Elector, has been given to the Bavarian Prime Minister since 1965 . The brewery manager hands over the mug with the traditional words: Salve pater patriae ! Bibas, princeps optime! ( lat. "Greetings, father of the fatherland! Drink, best prince!"). However, the father of the country is not expected to carry out the "classic" Salvator sample, which would no longer work today due to a changed recipe: The fasting beer was previously considered strong enough when a bench, over which the beer had been spilled, stood up stuck to the lederhosen .
The highlight of the event is Politiker- Derblecken , a political cabaret in front of invited guests, consisting of a speech and a subsequent singspiel . Both contributions deal with current issues in Munich as well as state and federal politics, with more or less subtle irony and sometimes violent swipes at politicians regardless of the party. For a Bavarian politician, it can almost be seen as a sign of a lack of meaning or a lack of personality.
"It's true, Mr. Rothemund, that you know 70 percent, because you voted for the other 30 percent."
In 1991 the Salvator rehearsal was canceled because of the Gulf War , and in 2003 because of the Iraq War . In 2009, the strong beer tasting scheduled for March 12th was postponed to April 2nd because of the rampage in Winnenden at the end of the Salvator bar. In 2020, the Salvator sample was canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic .
Tradition of derbleckens
The Derb Licking ( bairisch , such as "making fun of someone") goes to the welcome of guests by their hosts back, formerly known yet all the villagers personally and with the circulating in stories and rumors was very familiar. The regular guests were teased with these stories by humorous and self-confident hosts ("'naufg'schossen"). Rhetorically less gifted hosts or host commissioned at events, to which guests should be greeted in a similar fashion, professional Hochzeitslader or Gstanzlsänger that umhörten in the run up to the peculiarities and sensitivities of the guests. The respective victims of the ridicule were expected to take it with humor; an insulted reaction caused all the greater amusement in the other guests.
This background is still formative today for the politician-derblecken on the Nockherberg. Since the “victims” are invited guests, it is forbidden to criticize too rough or even insulting criticism, which would fall back on the host - the brewery. Accordingly, the authors of the festival contributions endeavor to bring forward particularly critical "attacks" with a wink or indirectly.
Celebratory speech
The first Salvator speaker was the Munich humorist Jakob Geis in 1891 . He was followed in 1922 by the popular actor Weiß Ferdl , the conférencier Adolf Gondrell , the Gstanzl singer Roider Jackl and the radio presenter Emil Vierlinger , who organized the broadcast of “Derbleck'ns” on the Nockherberg radio after the Second World War . After his serious illness in the 1970s, Michl Lang , Klaus Havenstein , Franz Schönhuber , Ernst Maria Lang and finally the actor and Paulaner advertising medium Walter Sedlmayr (1982–1990) took over.
From 1992 to 2010 the keynote speakers (with one exception in 2007) appeared in the role of the monk Brother Barnabas , who gave a sermon on Lent to the guests . The role goes back to the Paulaner monk Frater Barnabas (* 1750; † 1795), whose real name was Valentin Stephan Still , had been a master brewer in Munich since 1774 and is said to have invented the basic recipe for the modern Salvator strong beer.
The first Salvatorian speaker to appear in the historical role of Brother Barnabas was Max Grießer (1992–1996), followed by Erich Hallhuber (1997–1998). Hallhuber insisted on the freedom to be able to change the text of the speechwriter Hannes Burger , while Burger demanded that his text be presented precisely. Because of this dispute, Hallhuber canceled his appearance at short notice in 1999. His successor Gerd Fischer (1999–2003) delivered his sermons in a tone that rather kindly pitied the “derbleckten”. With the cabaret artist Bruno Jonas (2004–2006) the sermons of fasting became sharper again. In 2007 the Lower Bavarian cabaret artist Django Asül gave the Salvator speech without a monk's robe. From 2008 to 2010 the former Stoiber double Michael Lerchenberg - again in the role of Brother Barnabas - gave the sermon on Lent .
The author Hannes Burger wrote the keynote speeches for 22 years, from 1982 to 2003. The keynote speakers have been writing their own contributions since 2004. Co-author of the Lenten sermons from 2008 to 2010 was the cabaret artist Christian Springer . Like the keynote speaker Michael Lerchenberg, he resigned as Derblecker after individual persons such as Guido Westerwelle , Christine Haderthauer and Charlotte Knobloch reacted with offense to the content of the Lent Sermon in 2010 .
From 2011 to 2018 Luise Kinseher gave the Salvatorian speech; she was the first woman to give the speech. She appeared in the role of "Mama" Bavaria , which she embodied in 2010 in the Singspiel.
In 2019, Maxi Schafroth was the youngest speaker to date and the first from Allgäu to give the Lenten sermon.
Singspiel
The celebratory speech is followed by the Salvatorspiel , in which numerous politicians are parodied. The Singspiel was staged by director Olf Fischer until 1985, then by the former BR radio entertainment director Hellmuth Kirchammer , who also led the team of authors , until 1988 . Until 2009, the vocal cabaret under the director Eva Demmelhuber was gradually developed into a real stage play, embedded in an annually new theme with a corresponding stage design. In 2010 Alfons Biedermann took over the direction. The songs, newly composed for the first time, come from Martin Lingnau (music) and Heiko Wohlgemuth (lyrics).
One of the main authors of the Salvator game from 1999 to 2009 was Holger Paetz , who also played the FDP politician Guido Westerwelle . Walter Fitz as Franz Josef Strauss , Michael Lerchenberg as Edmund Stoiber , co-author Uli Bauer as Munich mayor Christian Ude , Corinna Duhr as Angela Merkel as well as Veronika Fitz , Georg Blädel , André Hartmann , Max Grießer and Klaus Havenstein are particularly well known as actors . In particular, Gerd Lohmeyer's appearance as Bayern-Dusel in 2017 will remain unforgettable . After the singspiel, the politicians present and the actors who parodied them can be photographed by the cameras of the journalists and television. From 2013 to 2017 the Singspiel was staged by Marcus H. Rosenmüller and composed by Gerd Baumann . In 2018 and 2019 Richard Oehmann and Stefan Betz designed the Singspiel.
List of singing games
| year | title |
|---|---|
| 2003 | Götterdämmerung at Nockherberg |
| 2004 | High altitude rush on the Nockherberg |
| 2005 | Nockherberg crime scene |
| 2006 | Dream island Nockherberg |
| 2007 | Nockherberg State Circus |
| 2008 | Nockherberg gas station |
| 2009 | The heroes of Nockherberg Castle |
| 2010 | Bavaria is looking for the super politician |
| 2011 | The Ude award ceremony |
| 2012 | Nockherberg against the mountain of debt |
| 2013 | Forest rest |
| 2014 | Almost fist |
| 2015 | Completely detached |
| 2016 | Brain storm |
| 2017 | Scheining |
| 2018 | The glorious 7th |
| 2019 | The little luck |
Artistic appreciation
The traditional Salvatorfest inspired numerous Munich artists to write works about strong beer and its serving on the Nockherberg, mainly poems and drawings. Many works can be found in the brewery's guest book or have been published in Munich magazines, including articles by well-known authors such as Karl Valentin or Paul Heyse . The operetta Salvator, premiered in Munich in 1911 (music by Theo Rupprecht; text by Max Ferner, Philipp Weichand and MA Weikone ) with Frater Barnabas as one of the main characters was the template for the 1952 feature film Monks, Girls and Pandurs .
The Munich painter, illustrator, caricaturist and writer Eduard Ille (* 1823; † 1900) advanced from 1890 to become a "Salvator poet". In many articles in the humorous magazine Fliegende Blätter he glorified the Salvator beer and its "inventor" Brother Barnabas. The following poem, in which he describes the electoral beer tasting, which was brought forward to March, can almost be regarded as the hymn of Lent beer:
When spring was approaching in March towards Judica / again,
came - to honor old customs - / the elector himself rode
on the Neudeck ob der Au / to the Paulaner monastery building.
There the father of the country / Barnabas, the brewery
frater, welcomed him happy and shining with joy / serving a tankard of beer
with the greeting that continued until the hour / in the people's mouth:
“ Salve , pater patriae ! / Bibas, princeps optime! "
Other scenic aspects
The terrain on the Nockherberg, which emerged almost 10,000 years ago, not only provided the Auer population with a hill offering protection and storage space, but also water and energy, which has repeatedly resulted in interesting uses, not only for breweries.
Origin and geology
In the Tertiary period , a sea stretched from the foot of the Alps to the low mountain range of the Bavarian Forest , which was increasingly filled with weathering material from the Alps. The finest and youngest deposit layer from the Tertiary ( upper freshwater molasse of the Miocene ), the Flinz , today forms a water-retaining soil layer and thus acts as a groundwater carrier . In several places in Munich, springs pour out of the slopes of the Isar valley, for example on Quellenstrasse below the northern elevated road. These springs played an important role in the supply of drinking water to the local population at least until the beginning of the 20th century.
In the ice ages of the Quaternary , the glaciers and melt water covered the Flinz with coarse erosion and weathering material from the Alps and formed the Munich gravel plain . Since there was always new erosion, only the last two gravel layers remained in the Giesing landscape. Among other things, the Giesing gravel area was built in terraces, and the neighboring Harlaching gravel area four to ten meters higher . From these terraces the Isar carved out its present valley, the Au, towards the end of the last Ice Age around 10,000 years ago. In this way, in addition to the slope edge Nockherberg / Hochstraße, the other high edges in this area were created, such as the Drumberg with the ramp of the Candidstraße, “Am Bergsteig” and the Giesinger Berg. Since the steep gradients of over 12% on the mountain roads laid out here proved to be significant traffic obstacles, several complex mountain regulations were carried out between 1890 and 1935. The Nockherberg was regulated in the years 1904/1905, whereby the former "Nockherschlösschen" was also torn down. Also since 1904, the Nockherberg stairs have connected Hochstraße in front of the Paulaner brewery with Ohlmüllerstraße at the foot of the Nockherberg.
use
Between about 1150 and 1301 there is said to have been a knight seat of the Lords of Giesing on the Nockherberg in the area of today's Ruhestraße . From the 15th century on, the estate on the Nockherberg can be traced until it was sold to the Nockher family on July 13, 1789.
The edge of the terrace on the "mountain" and nearby used to offer many breweries optimal conditions for storage cellars and deep wells : from the early 19th century, almost all of the almost 60 breweries had summer beer cellars on the Isar slope in the Au and in Haidhausen . The transition from mere storage and sales operations to summer beer serving on site is generally regarded as the beginning of the Bavarian beer garden tradition. The Paulaner brewery pumped the water required for brewing into its own well from a depth of approx. 10 meters. The corresponding tunnel still exists today and can be visited during a brewery tour.
Today the brewing water comes from deep wells that reach down to a depth of 210 - 240 m.
The Auer Mühlbach flows along between Nockherberg and Neudeck , a side course of the Isar, which has only been above ground at this point since 2002. The once wild brook has been of great importance as a source of energy since the Middle Ages: in 1816 it drove a total of 60 water wheels in the Au . From 1881 the Stadtbach was used to drive the ice machine invented by Carl von Linde , which enabled the Paulaner brewery to brew beer all year round and which can still be viewed today.
literature
- Hannes Burger: 350 years of Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbräu AG. 1634-1984. Anniversary commemorative publication. Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbräu AG, Munich 1984
- ders .: Politicians derblecken at the Salvator. Behind the scenes of the Nockherberg. 2nd edition, Rosenheimer Verlagshaus, Rosenheim 1998, ISBN 3-475-52911-4 .
- Gerd Holzheimer: The Munich Nockherberg. In: Charivari. March 21, 1995, Bergemann & Mayer, pp. 14-17, ISSN 0343-2548 .
- Helmut Lindner (Ed.): Giesing, Au, Haidhausen. Old villages to the right of the Isar at the gates of Munich. With Munich for 125 years. Aumeier, Munich 1979 (especially the articles mentioned in the footnotes)
- Peter Klimesch : Down in the green meadow. The Nockherstrasse through the ages. (In it a chapter about the Nockherberg) Norderstedt 2014, ISBN 978-3-7357-4929-1 .
- Peter Klimesch: Pictures from the old meadow. Nockherberg, Nockherstrasse, Columbusplatz. Norderstedt 2016, extended new edition, ISBN 9783743113336 .
Web links
- Paulaner am Nockherberg - Information from the brewery about the event, strong beer and the ballroom
- Nockherberg topic page at Bayerischer Rundfunk - numerous articles, pictures, videos and audio files about the event on Nockherberg
- The fun stops at Nockherberg , article by Hannes Burger in der Welt on Sunday , March 4, 2001
- In the east of Munich, where the mountains are calling - strong beer festival on the Nockherberg on Manfred Wirth's website Bavarian beer festivals and beer gardens
- Nockherberg Dossier - Collection of articles on the history and background of the Derbleckens on the Nockherberg with reports on the Lenten sermon and Singspiel on e-politik.de
Individual evidence
-
↑ a b c d Hans Dollinger : The Munich street names . 4th edition. Südwest, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-517-06115-8
Quoted from: Heinz-Peter Meyer u. a .: Straßen der Au ( Memento from January 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), June 3, 2006
As well as from: Bettina Messinger u. a .: Auer Mühlbach online , May 29, 2006 (1st edition there) - ↑ Peter Klimesch: Down in the green meadow: The Nockherstrasse in the course of time . BoD, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7357-4929-1 , p. 28 ( excerpt )
- ^ A b c d e f g Johann Peter Weigl: Die Au - A piece of Munich . In: Helmut Lindner (Ed.): Giesing, Au, Haidhausen . Aumeier, Munich 1979, pp. 87–117 (with a reprint of the leaflet History of Salvator Beer from the “Aktiengesellschaft Paulanerbräu Salvatorbrauerei München” published between 1899 and 1928 on p. 92)
- ^ Association against fraudulent pouring e. V .: Nockherberg derblecks strong beer visitors. Control result: 100% poorly poured , June 3, 2006 (press release of March 30, 2006)
-
↑ Hannes Burger 1984, p. 60; ders. 1998, p. 17 f .;
Herbert Burger: The scandal at Nockherberg. About the beer battle in 1888 and other tumults of this kind . In: Charivari . 3/14/1988. Bergemann & Mayer, pp. 21-25, ISSN 0343-2548 - ↑ a b c Bettina Messinger u. a .: Auer Mühlbach online , May 29, 2006 (with further background information on the landscape and brewery)
- ^ Richard Bauer , Eva Graf: Neighborhoods. Old Munich hostel quarters and their residents. 2nd Edition. Hugendubel, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-88034-246-6 , p. 142.
- ↑ State capital Munich: Auer Mühlbach , May 29, 2006
- ↑ Axel Schildt: Rebellion and Reform. The Federal Republic of the 1960s, Bonn 2005, p. 130
- ^ A b Süddeutsche Zeitung : Nockherberg-Brand - Fire because of private feud . March 31, 2004
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk : Annual Report 2004 . Munich 2005, p. 38 ( PDF; 916 kB ( Memento from June 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Detlev Klusak: Strong beer tasting inspires audience. www.br.de, February 26, 2015, accessed on February 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk : Nockherberg: Postponement due to rampage ( memento of March 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). March 24, 2009
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk : Nockherberg: Donald Duck, Gustav Gans and the Demokrator ( Memento from March 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). April 4, 2009
- ↑ Derblecken and Singspiel on the Nockherberg 2020 postponed. muenchen.de The official city portal, accessed on March 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Hannes Burger 1998, pp. 63, 15
- ↑ In the subordinate clause a small, fine Watscherl . The world. March 7, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung : Nockherberg - Django Asül becomes the new fasting preacher . January 22, 2007
- ^ Spiegel Online : Nockherberg-Derblecken: Stoiber-Double becomes fasting preacher . September 12, 2007.
- ↑ PNP-Online: Now someone else has to spoil the politicians. (December 23, 2003) ( Memento of May 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.dradio.de/dlf/vorschau/ Deutschlandfunk, Sendung Querköpfe, August 18, 2010, Thomas Klug, Tim Lang: Treasurer of Neuschwanstein or “Nockherberg Ade!” The cabaret artist Christian Springer alias Fonsi
- ^ Lerchenberg resigns , Süddeutsche Zeitung of March 5, 2010
- ↑ Surprising announcement on stage: Luise Kinseher stops as "Mama Bavaria". Focus Online , February 28, 2018, accessed February 28, 2018.
- ^ The first woman on the Nockherberg ( memento from August 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Augsburger Allgemeine, accessed on November 15, 2010
- ↑ Wolfgang Görl: Hinterfotzige stroking units , Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 23, 2011 (accessed on March 24, 2011)
- ↑ Furious poured. Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 12, 2019, accessed on March 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung : Farewell to Nockherberg - "That's it then" . April 6, 2009
- ↑ Marcus H. Rosenmüller and Gerd Baumann leave the Nockherberg. www.sueddeutsche.de, September 14, 2017, accessed on September 15, 2017 .
- ↑ monks girls and pandours in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ↑ Hannes Burger 1984, pp. 67-74
- ↑ Hannes Burger 1984, pp. 45, 69; ders. 1998, pp. 14, 18 f.
- ^ A b Johann Peter Weigl: Kyesinga - The village of Giesing . In: Helmut Lindner (Ed.): Giesing, Au, Haidhausen . Aumeier, Munich 1979, pp. 30–50 (pp. 33, 35)
- ^ Richard Bauer, Eva Graf: Neighborhoods. Old Munich hostel quarters and their residents . 2nd Edition. Hugendubel, Munich 1985, p. 108, ISBN 3-88034-246-6
- ↑ Folker Dohr:, June 18, 2006 (with a map of Munich groundwater conditions 1984 ( memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Martin Schmitz (Ed.): Freshly restored. Historic stairs to the Paulaner am Nockherberg , June 3, 2006
- ↑ Georg Konjović u. a .: Au ( memento of March 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), June 3, 2006
- ^ Helmut Lindner: Long-established Auer trade . In: Helmut Lindner (Ed.): Giesing, Au, Haidhausen . Aumeier, Munich 1979, pp. 132–135 (p. 135)
- ↑ Hannes Burger 1984, pp. 14, 56
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 17 ″ N , 11 ° 34 ′ 57 ″ E