Israel-Gaza conflict 2021

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Israel-Gaza conflict
Bus and car burned out after a rocket hit in Cholon, May 11, 2021
Bus and car burned out after a rocket hit in Cholon , May 11, 2021
date May 10 to May 21, 2021
place Israel , Gaza Strip
Casus Belli Rocket attacks by Hamas
Exit Truce
Parties to the conflict

IsraelIsrael Israel

Flag of Hamas.svg Hamas Islamic Jihad
Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg

losses
As of May 21, 243 people were killed in Gaza, including 66 children, and more than 1,900 others were wounded.

In the West Bank (as of May 19): 26 Palestinians killed, over 500 Palestinians injured

In East Jerusalem (as of May 16): a dead Arab Israeli, 1,000 injured Palestinians

In Israel (as of May 18): 10 dead Israeli civilians, one dead Israeli soldier, two dead Thai migrant workers, about 564 wounded Israeli civilians

about 34,000 Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip (according to UN )

The Israel-Gaza conflict in 2021 began on May 10, 2021 and ended with a ceasefire on May 21, 2021. It represents the worst clashes in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for years . At least 243 Palestinians and 12 Israelis were killed, several thousand People injured and tens of thousands of Palestinians forced to flee.

causes

Most observers cite a coincidence of various events and situations as the cause of the escalation:

Elections in Palestine are again canceled

On April 29, the Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas , who was last elected for a four-year term in 2005, ordered the elections to the Palestinian Legislative Council scheduled for May 22 to be postponed again. This decision caused great resentment among Hamas , which has fallen out with Abbas' Fatah party and controls the Gaza Strip . According to political observers, the cancellation of the election contributed to the subsequent escalation of violence, as it had blocked Hamas and its protective power Iran from expanding their influence politically.

Coalition negotiations in Israel

On May 5, 2021, the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu failed for the fourth time since 2019 when attempting to form a government. As a result, a coalition of several opposition parties emerged, with the participation of an Arab party for the first time. This, too, led to resentment at Hamas, since rapprochement between Jewish and Arab Israelis runs counter to their hardline course.

Conflict over Sheikh Jarrah

Serious clashes have raged in the Arab neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah in Jerusalem since the beginning of May. Before the Israeli War of Independence of 1948, Sheikh Jarrah was part of an area where mainly Jews lived. According to Israeli law, Jews can get back land in the land that they lost in the 1948 war if they can prove that they left their land because of displacement or mortal danger from fighting. As a result, several Arab families were facing evictions after the nationalist Jewish settler organization Nachalat Shimon and the ultra- nationalist Otzma Yehudit party filed claims to their properties.

In the 1967 Six Day War , Israel recaptured the neighborhood, including all of East Jerusalem, from Jordan. Since then, Israel has administered Sheikh Jarrah politically and also protects the religious practice of Jews, Christians and Muslims there. In the 1960s, the district became a popular spot for consulates and international organizations, including the British and Turkish consulates on Nashashibi Street and the consulates of Belgium, Sweden and Spain, which, along with the UN mission, are in the Saint George Street. The German Friedrich Naumann Foundation also has its Jerusalem office here. Likewise, a relatively large number of long-established Arab-Palestinian families still live here, not a few of whom are at the center of current Israeli-Palestinian property disputes.

Clashes on the Temple Mount

Among other things, due to the closure of the Damascus Gate , clashes between the Arab population and the police broke out on the Temple Mount on May 7 after some participants in the Friday prayer in the Al-Aqsa mosque attacked security forces. On Saturday night, police officers stormed the mosque and used smoke grenades, which detonated both in the prayer room and in the first aid station on the premises. The violent clashes escalated on May 10, 2021 when more than 300 people were injured.

On this day, Israel also celebrated Jerusalem Day in memory of the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six Day War . According to reports, Israeli right-wing extremists from the Lehava group also provoked by attacking Arabs in the Old City and singing "Death to the Arabs".

Hamas saw in the two aforementioned (emotionally charged) clashes an opportunity to present itself as the protective power of the Arabs in Jerusalem.

Attacks and ceasefire

Israeli air strike on high-rise building in Gaza (video)

Hamas issued an ultimatum to Israel to end the police operation that began on May 7, 2021, and to withdraw all police officers from the Temple Mount and the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood . She set the ultimatum on May 10, 2021, 6 p.m. A few minutes after the ultimatum had expired, Israel began to be bombarded by Hamas and Islamic Jihad , which, according to the Israeli military, had fired at least 1,800 rockets by May 14 . The Israeli Iron Dome interception system was able to intercept around 90 percent of the missiles. Nevertheless, there were eight deaths in Israel (as of May 15), including a soldier and a child. In the subsequent retaliatory attacks, 119 Palestinians, including 31 children, died. According to the Israeli government, one reason for this is that Hamas prefers to position its rocket sites in residential areas or even next to hospitals in order to abuse the civilian population as a protective shield.

Photo of an Israeli air strike in Gaza in May 2021

On May 11, Israel air strikes destroyed the Hanadi skyscraper, a 13-story building in Gaza that housed Hamas offices, among other things. According to eyewitness reports, the residents had previously been warned by the Israeli army. In response, Hamas reportedly fired 130 rockets at the Tel Aviv area on the same day . According to Israeli media reports, a woman was killed in the city of Rishon Lezion and at least six people were injured when a bus was hit in Cholon . Air traffic at Tel Aviv Airport has been suspended and incoming flights to Cyprus have been diverted.

On May 12, 2021, the Israeli air force reportedly destroyed all police buildings in the Gaza Strip by air strikes. Israel's army announced that it had shelled the houses of important Hamas officials.

As of May 13, 2021, there were conflicting information about an imminent ground offensive by the Israeli army. A few hours later, on May 14, 2021, the Israeli air force bombed the Hamas tunnel system in the Gaza Strip with 500 tons of explosives ; In support, tanks fired from Israeli territory at targets in the Gaza Strip. Michael Stephens of the Royal United Services Institute told the BBC that this was a very smart tactic used by the Israeli army to meet the Hamas fighters retreating into the tunnels there. After several news outlets falsely reported an invasion, the military announced that it would not launch a ground offensive.

Observers expected that the situation would continue to be tense, especially on the holidays at the end of the fasting month of Ramadan and on the 73rd anniversary of the Nakba ("catastrophe") on May 15, 2021. That day, the Israeli Air Force launched an attack on a refugee camp in Gaza City . A little later, another air raid deliberately destroyed a skyscraper in the city after prior notice. This time it was the Al Jalaa skyscraper , which housed the offices of the Associated Press news agency and the Qatari TV channel Al Jazeera . According to Israeli information, the building also contained "military resources" from the Hamas military intelligence service. The managing director of the organization Reporters Without Borders Germany, Christian Mihr, called it a war crime to declare media offices as war targets, even if they were misused by Hamas or any other warring party as a shield for secret service offices. The Foreign Press Association (FPA) in Israel criticized the fact that the Israeli authorities had provided no evidence that the building was actually used by Hamas. The association asked to meet with Israeli officials. The house of Khalil al-Haya, the deputy head of the Hamas Politburo, was also bombed on Saturday. It is unclear whether he was in the house at the time.

According to the Israeli army, around 3,100 rockets have been launched on Israel since the beginning of May 2021 up to and including May 16, 2021. Around 450 of the fired rockets fell in the Gaza Strip itself. According to the army, the Israeli defense system Iron Dome intercepted around 1,210 rockets. A few rockets were also launched from Lebanon and Syria , although these only partially reached Israeli territory and did not result in any personal injury or property damage. Hamas also shot at places like Tel Aviv and southern Beersheba on Sunday night. The Israeli army bombed the house of a high-ranking Hamas chief, Yahya al-Sinwar. It is unclear whether he was killed in the process. That day, an unknown perpetrator rammed a car into several people in the Sheikh Jarrah protest district in East Jerusalem. The attacker was shot dead and four police officers are said to have been injured. Rescue workers spoke of seven injured.

On the night of May 17, 2021, the Israeli air force carried out further attacks on the Gaza Strip with 54 fighter planes, with the aim of destroying 15 kilometers of the Hamas tunnel system, some of which lies under the city of Gaza. On the same day, the Israeli army announced that it had destroyed around one hundred kilometers of the tunnel system in May 2021 and killed one of the most senior commanders of Islamic Jihad.

On May 20, the two sides agreed on a ceasefire starting May 21 after 11 days of conflict. Both agreed that Egypt should monitor the ceasefire.

Riots

Israeli police in Lod, May 11, 2021

From May 10, 2021, in addition to East Jerusalem, serious unrest broke out between Jewish and Arab Israelis in many other Israeli cities; the police were massively attacked. In addition to Jerusalem, cities in the West Bank and some cities in Israel such as Lod , Ramla , Akko , Tiberias , Haifa , Bat Yam and Wadi Ara were affected. In Lod, a state of emergency was declared until further notice due to serious riots.

Israeli leaders have cited the violence within the country as a greater threat to Israel than the escalating Gaza conflict. Benjamin Netanyahu visited Lod, where there had been massive riots. He said there was no alternative to using force to enforce law and order. President Reuven Rivlin said civil war would jeopardize the country's very existence more than the threat from outside.

Defense Minister Benny Gantz then announced a massive reinforcement of the security forces across the board. Border police reservists have been sent to Israeli cities to contain the violence. Hundreds of demonstrators burned tires and set fire to police cars in the Arab-Israeli city of Kfar Kassem in central Israel. Almost a thousand border police officers were called in as reinforcements and more than 400 people were arrested.

On May 18, thousands of people protested in Ramallah against Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip. On one of the protest signs, against a background of blood-red handprints, read: "Bombing children is not self-defense." Many demonstrators also waved Palestinian flags. According to eyewitness reports, demonstrators were forced to withdraw using tear gas in front of military cordons.

Victim

Between the outbreak of conflict on May 10 and the ceasefire on May 21, 243 Palestinians, including 66 children, were killed in the Gaza Strip and more than 1,900 others were injured. Twelve deaths were reported in Israel, including two children, an Indian woman and two Thai men who live and work in Israel.

As of May 14, 2021, at least 122 people had been killed, including at least eight Israelis, and 900 people injured. On May 14, the Israeli military announced that they had shot a Palestinian. A Palestinian attempted to stab a soldier at a military post in northern Ramallah , whereupon the soldier shot the knife attacker. The Palestinian Ministry of Health also announced the shooting of a Palestinian near Ramallah by soldiers.

A Hamas commander identified as Mohammed Abdullah Fayyad and three high-ranking commanders of Islamic Jihad were also killed. Another Hamas member was killed on May 11, 2021. The deaths of the five commanders were confirmed by official statements from both groups. The death of other fighters is suspected but has not been confirmed. It is debatable whether some of the first victims died on May 10, 2021 from an Israeli air strike or a misdirected Palestinian missile.

On May 11, 2021, Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad continued their attacks, firing hundreds of rockets at Ashdod and Ashkelon , killing two people and injuring more than 90 others. A third Israeli woman from Rishon LeZion was also killed, while two other civilians from Dahmash and a soldier died the next day.

On May 12, Hamas confirmed that Bassem Issa, commander of Hamas' Qassam Brigades in Gaza , had been killed in a rocket attack.

On May 14, 10 Palestinians were killed by Israeli security forces during protests in the West Bank . Over 500 other demonstrators were injured across the territory. Thousands of Palestinians demonstrated in more than 200 locations in the West Bank. Hundreds of Palestinians also tried to rally at the Jordanian border, and attempts were made in southern Lebanon to break through the border with Israel. However, they were stopped by Jordanian security forces.

On May 15, 2021, an air strike by the Israeli military on a refugee camp in Gaza with at least 10 deaths resulted in the highest number of civilian casualties in a singular event since the clashes began in May 2021. The Palestinians say that since the outbreak of the At least 140 people, including 39 children, were killed in the Gaza Strip on Monday. Israel has reported 10 deaths, including two children.

On May 16, the Palestinians spoke of 188 dead since last Monday. Up to 40 people are said to have died in the Gaza Strip, including eight children.

On May 17, 2021, the number of victims rose to 201 in Gaza, including at least 58 children, and in Israel to 10, including at least two children.

On May 18, 2021, the death toll in Gaza rose to 213, including 61 children, according to the Ministry of Health there. According to the police, two Thai guest workers were also killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. Palestinian militants and soldiers reportedly engaged in a gun battle at an Israeli checkpoint. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health, one person was killed and at least a dozen injured.

Within about a week in mid-May 2021, the number of people forced to flee by Israeli air strikes in the Gaza Strip increased from 10,000 to around 34,000.

Reactions

International

Protest in Vancouver , Canada, May 13, 2021

China, Norway and Tunisia have requested a public session of the UN Security Council on May 14, while the United States has raised objections. The council met twice in private but was unable to agree on an explanation because of the objection from the United States. On May 12, it was announced that Hady Amr , US Assistant Secretary for Israeli-Palestinian Affairs and Press and Public Diplomacy, would be dispatched "immediately" to the region. Armistice efforts by Egypt, Qatar and the United Nations have so far shown no signs of progress. On May 13, Hamas proposed a ceasefire and said it was ready to end the attacks on a "mutual basis". Netanyahu informed his cabinet that Israel had rejected the offer. United Nations Secretary General António Guterres called for an immediate ceasefire "out of respect for the spirit of the Eid," referring to Eid al-Fitr , an Islamic festival that marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan.

On May 10, 2021, Foreign Minister Heiko Maas told reporters in Brussels that “we can only call on all sides to de-escalate this really explosive situation” and “both sides can contribute”. He added that both Israeli and Palestinian authorities "have a duty to prevent further civilian casualties". He also stated that Israel has a right to self-defense.

With its right of veto, the United States has spoken out against a joint declaration by the UN Security Council on the conflict. Nevertheless, the American President criticized Israel and called on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to undertake a “significant de-escalation” in the Gaza conflict from Wednesday, May 19, 2021.

Israel / Palestinian Territories

On May 9, 2021, the Israeli Supreme Court postponed the expected evictions decision for 30 days following intervention by Israel's Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit. Israeli police also banned Jews from entering al-Aqsa Square for the Jerusalem Day celebrations. On May 10, Israel closed the Kerem Shalom border crossing, including for humanitarian aid. Due to the rocket fire on May 11th, the Israeli airport authority temporarily suspended air traffic.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu defended the Israeli police force, saying that Israel "will not allow any radical element to undermine the calm." He also said, "we firmly reject the pressure not to build in Jerusalem". Israeli officials asked the Biden administration not to intervene in the situation.

On May 10, 2021, the President of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, issued a statement that the "brutal storming and attack on the believers in the blessed al-Aqsa mosque and its courtyards was a new challenge for the international community" .

Israel's Public Security Minister Amir Ohana called for the release of the Israeli man arrested for shooting an Arab in Lod, arguing, without providing evidence, that the suspect acted in self-defense and law-abiding citizens carrying guns, support the authorities. According to a report in the British newspaper The Guardian , the statement appeared to encourage the "mob" to use violence.

A spokesman for the Islamist terrorist organization Islamic Jihad said that Israel “has started aggression on Jerusalem. If this aggression does not stop, there is no point in diplomatic efforts to reach a ceasefire ”. Hamas issued an ultimatum to the Israeli government: If they do not withdraw their troops from the mosque by 2 a.m. on May 11, they will launch another missile attack.

Netanyahu convened an emergency safety meeting on May 11, and schools in several parts of Israel were closed.

Israeli President Reuven Rivlin condemned the riots in Lod and called them a pogrom .

Worldwide protests and riots

Because of the renewed flare-up in the Middle East conflict, there were pro-Palestinian demonstrations and pro-Israel counter-demonstrations around the world, for example in Spain , England , France , the USA , Australia and Iraq . In Germany, too, there were sometimes peaceful demonstrations on both sides in numerous large cities such as Hamburg , Berlin , Leipzig , Frankfurt am Main and Hanover , but there were also anti-Semitic riots in which synagogues were damaged and anti-Semitic slogans were chanted. In Düsseldorf, for example, the memorial plaque of a former synagogue was lit. Israel flags were lit in Bonn and Münster and stones were thrown at the doors of a synagogue and damaged. In Gelsenkirchen, 180 people gathered in front of a synagogue during an unannounced demonstration and chanted slogans like “Shit Jews”. In doing so, they threatened Jewish citizens living in the synagogue. The Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel and the Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier as well as numerous other high-ranking politicians in Germany , such as B. the Green chairwoman Annalena Baerbock , condemned the anti-Semitic excesses sharply, one should not tolerate hatred of Jews in our democracy . Interior Minister Horst Seehofer announced the "full rigor of the rule of law" against anti-Semitism. At a demonstration in Berlin with around 3,500 participants, demonstrators threw stones and bottles at police officers, who responded with pepper spray. In Hamburg, an initially peaceful demonstration of hundreds of participants was broken up after the mood there became very emotional. In Leipzig and Hanover, on the other hand, the protests were peaceful.

Web links

Commons : Israel-Gaza Conflict 2021  - Pictures, Videos and Audio Files Collection

Individual evidence

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