Chronology of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

This page lists in chronological order the historical events with a significant influence on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Middle East conflict .

Prehistory (19th century)

• 1834: Pogroms in Hebron and Safed in connection with the Egyptian-Ottoman War
• 1840 - 1891: Pogroms in Jerusalem , Aleppo , Cairo , Alexandria , Istanbul , Damascus , Edirne , Izmir and Beirut, among others
• 1843: Founding of B'nai B'rith .

Beginnings (1878–1920)

• 1878: Founding of the first Moschawa Petach Tikwa .
• 1882 - 1903: The first Aliyah to Palestine , which was then part of the Ottoman Province of Syria (from 1888 Province of Beirut ) and of the autonomous Sanjak Jerusalem (together until 1864 Ottoman Greater Province of Sham). (see also yishuv )
• 1896: Theodor Herzl proposes the creation of a Jewish state in his book “ Der Judenstaat ” .
• 1896: emergence of Christian Zionism .
• 1897: At the first Zionist Congress in Basel , the creation of a “home for the Jewish people in Palestine” is raised to the agenda.
• 1901: Foundation of the first sections of the Zionist - socialist movement Poale Zion .
• March 5, 1902: Founding of the Orthodox Zionist movement Misrachi .
• 1905-1914: The second aliyah .
• 1909 - 1920: HaSchomer active as an underground organization from 1914
• April 11, 1909: The cornerstone of Tel Aviv is laid .
• October 28, 1910: Foundation of the first Kibbutz Degania .
• 1912: Foundation of the international ultra-orthodox Jewish Agudath Israel .
• 1915: Founding of the Jewish spy ring in Palestine " Netzach Israel lo Ieshaker " NILI .
• 1915 - 1916: Letter from the British High Commissioner for Egypt, Sir Henry McMahon , to Hussein ibn Ali , the Sherif of Mecca , to promote Arab independence in order to win the support of the Arabs in the First World War against the Ottomans .
• May 16, 1916: Conclusion of the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement between Great Britain and France for the division of the Ottoman territories.
• On June 4, 1917, the Secretary General of the French Foreign Ministry, Jules Cambon, wrote to Nachum Sokolov of his benevolence for the rebirth of Jewish life in the land from which the people of Israel had been driven so many centuries ago. He went on to write that the French government, which has entered the current war to defend a falsely attacked people, and which continues the struggle to ensure the victory of law over power, can feel nothing but sympathy for your cause, of which Triumph is closely linked to that of the Allies. France thereby recognized the right of the Jews to return.
• November 2, 1917: In the Balfour Declaration , the Zionist movement is promised a "national home" in Palestine by the British Foreign Minister, Lord Arthur Balfour .
• November 19, 1917: Beginning of the Battle of Jerusalem (1917) .
• 1917-1918: The British Army under General Edmund Allenby takes Palestine .
• July 24, 1918: Foundation stone laid for the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• November 7, 1918: British-French declaration to the people of Palestine, Syria and Iraq to guarantee complete liberation and "freely elected national governments".
• January 3, 1919: At the Paris Peace Conference , the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement is concluded, which provides for a Jewish state in Palestine.
• June 18, 1919: The first edition of the daily Haaretz appears.
• April 4, 1920: First anti-Jewish riots with four Arab and five Jewish dead and 22 seriously injured.
• April 4 to 7, 1920: Nabi Musa riots in the old city of Jerusalem

Mandate period (1920–1948)

• At the Sanremo Conference on April 25, 1920, it was decided that the Balfour Declaration should be implemented and that Great Britain should receive the appropriate mandate for it. The Balfour Declaration, quoted verbatim in the final memorandum of the San Remo resolution, has changed from a unilateral declaration of intent by Great Britain to binding international law through the acceptance of the victorious nations of the First World War at the conference.
• 1920: Founding of the Histadrut , the umbrella organization of Israel's trade unions.
• 1920: A Jewish pogrom carried out by Palestinian Arabs as a result of a Muslim procession leads to the founding of the Hagana .
• 1921 Foundation of the first moschavim Kfar Jecheskel and Nahalal (see also list of moschavim )
• 1921: Mohammed Amin al-Husseini is appointed Mufti of Jerusalem.
• 1922: The League of Nations confirmed the decision negotiated at the Sanremo Conference and created the League of Nations mandate for Palestine over the areas of what is now Jordan , Israel and Palestine to the United Kingdom . The preamble to the text of the mandate speaks of the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and the restoration of their national homeland .
• 1922: Establishment of the Zionist Orthodox Workers' Party of Israel HaPo'el haMisrachi .
• 1923: The mandate area is divided, the emerging emirate of Transjordan to the east of the Jordan is closed to Jewish settlements. Transjordan is cut off from the League of Nations mandate for Palestine.
• 1923: Founding of the Communist Party of Palestine .
• April 1, 1925: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem opens
• 1926: 1st Islamic Congress chaired by Saudi Arabia's King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud in Mecca .
• 1928: The Muslim Brotherhood is founded by Hasan al-Banna in Egypt .
• 1929: At the height of unrest between the Arab and Jewish populations in Palestine, the Jewish community in Hebron falls victim to the Hebron massacre . 67 Jews die, including women and children. The survivors are evacuated.
• December 6-17, 1931: General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem.
• 1931-1948: Irgun Zwai Leumi .
• November 20, 1935: Izz ad-Din al-Qassam dies.
• 1937: A British commission ( Peel Commission ) proposes dividing Palestine into a smaller Jewish and a larger Arab part. The Jews agree, the Arabs do not.
• July 15, 1937: Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem, is again seeking cooperation with the Nazi regime , this time with success.
• 1938: Creation of the Neturei Karta .
• December 11, 1939: The first edition of the daily Jedi'ot Acharonot appears.
• 1940 Lechi is founded as a spin-off from Irgun .
• May 19, 1941: Foundation of the Palmach .
• 1941 - 1945 During the Second World War, the National Socialists systematically exterminate people, mainly Jews, from 1942 also with industrial methods. ( Shoa / Holocaust )
• 1944-1948: Bricha
• March 22, 1945: Foundation of the Arab League in Cairo and the beginning of the boycott of Israel by the Arab League .
• 1946: Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem receives asylum in Egypt and is praised by the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood , Hassan al-Banna: “The Mufti is worth as much as an entire nation. The Mufti is Palestine, and Palestine is the Mufti ... "
• March 22, 1946: Transjordan becomes independent from the United Kingdom .
• May 25, 1946: Transjordan becomes a kingdom under Abdallah ibn Husain I.
• July 22, 1946: Zionist Irgun attack the King David Hotel in Jerusalem , the seat of the British General Staff.
• July 18, 1947: Operation Oasis begins with the repatriation of the Exodus passengers .
• November 29, 1947: The UN General Assembly resolves with 33 votes to 13 with 10 abstentions (Res. 181) that the 609,000 Jews of Palestine, 30.6% of the population, receive 55% of the land (three quarters of which, however, from the desert Negev existed), while the 1.38 million Arabs of Palestine, 69.4% of the population, 42% of the land are granted (see UN Partition Plan for Palestine ). The Arab states, the Arab League and the Palestinian “High Arab Committee” then reject the partition.
• November 30, 1947: The Battle of Jerusalem begins (1948) .
• February 15, 1948: The first edition of the daily Maariw appears.

State of Israel founded (1948–1966)

• May 14, 1948: The Israeli declaration of independence .
• May 15, 1948: Five Arab states, Egypt , Jordan , Iraq , Syria and Lebanon attack Israel. This is how the Israeli War of Independence begins , for the Palestinians the " Nakba ".
• May 28 or 31, 1948: Israel Defense Forces is established . At the same time all other armed groups (Hagana, Irgun) were banned. The Irgun accepted the decision after a brief clash between Hagana and Irgun. Eventually the Irgun laid down their arms and Menachem Begin transformed his militia into a political party, the Cherut .
• 1948: Aman military secret service is founded .
• 1948: Maki is founded .
• 1949 Opening of the United States Embassy in Tel Aviv .
• February 8, 1949: Establishment of the Israeli domestic secret service Schin Bet .
• February 14, 1949: First session of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset .
• February 24, 1949: Armistice between Israel and Egypt .
• March 23, 1949: Armistice between Israel and Lebanon .
• April 3, 1949: Armistice between Israel and Jordan .
• July 20, 1949 Armistice between Israel and Syria , effectively ending the Israeli War of Independence .
  • Around 750,000 Palestinian Arabs became refugees or displaced persons as a result of the war. Since then, they have often lived in their Arab brother states without civil rights (see Palestinian refugee problem ).
  • About 750,000 Jews from Arab countries became refugees or expellees as a result of the war, who were integrated into Israel as citizens (see Expulsion of Jews from Arab and Islamic Countries ).
• 1949: Foundation of the Islamic World Congress as an organization at the 3rd session chaired by Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, who chaired the conference and was elected President of the Congress.
• December 13, 1949: The Mossad is brought into being by David Ben-Gurion.
• 1949 - 1951: HaChasit haDatit haMe'uchedet (United Religious Front) was an electoral alliance of religious parties in Israel.
• January 1, 1950: The Israeli government declares Jerusalem the capital of the State of Israel.
• July 5, 1950: Israel's government approves the right of every Jew to return to Israel
• April 24, 1950: Transjordan annexes the West Bank and East Jerusalem
• February and March 1951: reorganization of the Mossad
• 1952: Yasser Arafat founds the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS), which he headed until 1957.
• State crisis in Egypt in 1952 and on July 23, 1952 the military coup in Egypt
• June 1956: Foundation of the Zionist, national religious party Mafdal .
• October 29th – 5th November 1956: Suez crisis after Egypt closed the Suez Canal .
• 1957-1986 : Lakam
• 1958: Lebanon crisis
• 1959: Yasser Arafat and three other Palestinian students found Fatah ( Harakat Tahrir Filastin - Movement for the Liberation of Palestine ), which makes the "armed struggle for the liberation of Palestine" its program. In the following years it attacks civilian targets in Israel from Gaza and the Jordanian west bank.
• 1964: Congress of Islamic States in Somalia
• 1964: From May 28 to June 1, 1964, the Palestinian Liberation Organization ( PLO ) was founded at the first session of the Palestinian National Council in the Jordanian-occupied East Jerusalem . The Palestinian National Charter was also adopted, which proclaimed the armed struggle against Israel and rejects the UN partition plan for Palestine .
• 1965: Founding of the Gachal, the largest right-wing political party alliance in Israel, led by Menachem Begin.

Wars (1967–1986)

• June 5-10, 1967: Six Day War : Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, moves troops to Israel's border and warns UN troops of an imminent attack. Israel responds with a pre-emptive strike, repulses the Arab troops and occupies the Jordan-administered West Bank , the Syrian Golan Heights , the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and the Egypt-administered Gaza Strip . In the years that followed, Israel began to systematically colonize the areas. The UN - Resolution 242 of the UN Security Council declares the acquisition of territories by war inadmissible and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied (not all or the ) territories. It also calls for the political independence of every state in the region and the right to live within safe and recognized borders free from threats or acts of violence. The complete defeat in the Six-Day War as well as expulsions and perceived humiliations (such as the Suez crisis) favor Islamism , as Muslims reflect more strongly on their religion and radicalize them.
• December 11, 1967: Foundation of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
• 1969: Fatah and PLO unite during the 5th National Palestinian Congress
• September 25, 1969: Foundation of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation in Rabat ( Morocco )
• 1970: The PLO is expelled from Jordan in " Black September " and goes to Lebanon .
• February 10, 1970: Fatah terrorists tried to hijack an aircraft belonging to the Israeli company El Al at Munich-Riem Airport . The Israeli Arie Katzenstein was killed, five others were injured, including the actress Hanna Maron , who lost a leg.
• May 30, 1972: The massacre at Lod Airport , carried out by Japanese terrorists, kills 26 people
• September 5, 1972: The Munich Olympic attack by the terrorist organization Black September .
• October 6-24, 1973: Yom Kippur War . The oil export stop leads to an oil crisis . Sadat succeeds in containing Islamism by demonstrating Arab strength.
• 1974: Abu Nidal founds the Abu Nidal terrorist organization , a spin-off from the PLO.
• 1974: Foundation of the extra-parliamentary Jewish national religious organization Gush Emunim .
• 1974: Founding of the Zionist, secular and liberal party in Israel Shinui .
• 1975: Founding of the Palestinian University Bir Zait in Bir Zait north of Ramallah in the West Bank.
• November 10, 1975: Resolution 3379 of the UN General Assembly . She identified Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination. It also placed Israel on a par with South Africa and Rhodesia .
• 1975 - 1990: Lebanese Civil War
• 1976: Soil Day was born .
• June 27, 1976 Air France flight 139 was hijacked and was supposed to run from Tel Aviv via Athens to Paris via Benghazi in Libya to Entebbe in Uganda. On July 4, 1976 Israeli special forces liberation operation see Operation Entebbe .
• 1977: Foundation of the list association of socialist parties in Israel Chadash .
• 1977: Anwar as-Sadat , from a position of relative political strength, proposes a meeting with Menachem Begin , which takes place from November 19-21 and prepares the 1978 Camp David peace agreement .
• 1977 - 1981: Front of Steadfastness - a de facto only informal front of opposition from some Arab states and the PLO to a policy of rapprochement between Egypt and the USA and Israel.
• March 11, 1978: The coastal road attack kills 37 Israeli civilians.
• March 14, 1978: The Israeli army invades southern Lebanon with Operation Litani .
• 1978: Menachem Begin and Anwar as-Sadat sign a peace agreement at Camp David that was negotiated by Jimmy Carter . The Palestinian side pledges to renounce violence, while the Israeli side promises to end the construction of settlements and to withdraw from the occupied territories . The agreement is rejected by numerous Arab states.
• 1978: Foundation of the extra-parliamentary peace movement in Israel Shalom Achschaw / Peace Now .
• 1978: First World Conference against Racism in Geneva
• 1979: Islamic Revolution in Iran , August 8, 1979 Declaration by the Iranian revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini , which led to the first al-Quds day on August 17, 1979 , with around 3.5 million participants in Tehran alone.
• March 26, 1979: Israel-Egypt peace treaty
• 1980: In July, Israel annexed East Jerusalem , conquered in the Six Day War , by law and declared Jerusalem the “eternal” and “undivided” capital, which was met with protests, especially in the Arab world.
• Mal 1981: Islamic Jihad in Palestine appears for the first time in its current form.
• October 6, 1981: Anwar as-Sadat is murdered by Islamists in Cairo because of the Camp David peace agreement .
• 1982: Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula as agreed in the Camp David Agreement of Sadat and Begin.
• June 6, 1982: Beginning of the Lebanon War (Operation Peace for Galilee).
• 1982: Siege and capture of Beirut . Expulsion of the PLO to Tunisia . Massacre of the civilian population ( Sabra and Shatila ) by the Christian Lebanese Falange militias .
• 1982: Hezbollah was founded .
• August 1983: Second World Conference against Racism in Geneva

1984: Founding of the Shas party.

Intifadas (1987-2005)

• December 8, 1987: Outbreak of the First Intifada , with Hamas as a newly founded actor.
• August 18, 1988: Hamas Charter is published .
• 1988: Establishment of the Ashkenazi ultra-orthodox Degel haTora party .
• January 18 to February 25, 1991 Iraq launches R-17 missiles at Israel during the Second Gulf War .
• October 30, 1991: Beginning of the Madrid Conference .
• 1992: Foundation of the Israeli peace initiative Gush Schalom (including Uri Avnery ).
• 1992: Establishment of the Kassam Brigades .
• 1992: Founding of the left-wing Meretz party .
• 1992: Foundation of the United Torah-Judaism party alliance .
• January 20 to August 20, 1993 Secret negotiations between Israel and the PLO near Oslo.
• April 1993 Hamas begins suicide bombings in Israel.
• 1993: Founding of the Palestinian non-governmental organization Democracy and Workers' Rights Center
• 1994: Establishment of the Palestinian Authority Security Service
• July 25-31, 1993: Operation Responsibility in southern Lebanon.
• September 13, 1993: Israel and the PLO sign a joint declaration of principles as part of the Oslo peace process .
• February 25, 1994: Baruch Goldstein kills 29 praying Muslims in the Machpelah cave in Hebron .
• May 4, 1994: Gaza-Jericho Agreement .
• July 25, 1994: Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty , signed on October 25, 1994.
• October 14, 1994: Yitzhak Rabin , Shimon Peres and Yassir Arafat receive the Nobel Peace Prize .
• 1995: Founding of the Arab party in Israel Balad .
• September 24-28, 1995: Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip between Israel and the Palestinians.
• November 4, 1995: Jitzhak Rabin is murdered by the Israeli right-wing extremist Jigal Amir in Tel Aviv.
• January 5, 1996 Yahya Ayyasch is allegedly killed by the Israeli domestic secret service Shin Bet
• January 20, 1996 Yasser Arafat and his Fatah party win the first parliamentary elections in the Palestinian territories. The Palestinian Legislative Council begins its work.
• March 1996 Syrian-Israeli talks in Wye, Maryland.
• April 11, 1996 - April 27, 1996: Operation Fruits of Wrath of the Israeli army in southern Lebanon.
• 1996: United Arab List party founded .
• November 1, 1996: Al Jazeera starts broadcasting.
• January 1997: Israel hands over 80 percent of Hebron to the administration of the Palestinians.
• 1998: Ramattan News Agency founded .
• October 17, 1998: The Voice of Palestine radio station begins broadcasting.
• October 23, 1998 Yasser Arafat and Benjamin Netanyahu sign the Wye Agreement .
• 1999: Founding of the party Yisrael Beiteinu of Avigdor Lieberman .
• May 24, 2000 Israel completes its withdrawal from southern Lebanon.
• 11-25 July 2000: Unsuccessful 2nd Camp David summit .
• September 28, 2000: Beginning of the 2nd Intifada .
• September 30, 2000: The Muhammad al-Durrah incident occurs
• October 16-18, 2000: Sharm El Sheikh Summit . The agreement provides for an end to the violence, the formation of a commission of inquiry and the lifting of the closure of the Palestinian territories.
• 2001: Founding of the Electronic Intifada .
• 2001: Foundation of the International Solidarity Movement .
• August 31 to September 7, 2001: The Third World Conference against Racism in Durban South Africa becomes an anti-Semitic manifestation.
• On October 28, 2001 , people employed by the Palestinian Authority carried out an attack on Israelis for the first time . In Hadera they kill four women and injure 44 people, some seriously.
• January 3, 2002: The PA attempted to smuggle illegal weapons with the angry ship Karine A.
• In March 2002, was Arab peace initiative of the Arab League at the initiative of Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz published.
• March 29, 2002: Operation Schutzschild begins to reoccupy almost all of the autonomous regions.
• June 17, 2002: Establishment of the Palestinian National Initiative in Ramallah , West Bank .
• 2003: US President George W. Bush presents the roadmap to peace , which implies that the Palestinian side refrains from attacks against Israel and Israel recognizes Palestine as an autonomous state. Israeli troops repeatedly invade the Gaza Strip and the West Bank at short notice.
• March 16, 2003: Rachel Corrie dies in a house wreck
• July 8, 2003 Start of construction of the barrier to the West Bank
• 2003: Founding of the Anarchists Against the Wall .
• 2004: Creation of Shovrim Shtika .
• March 22, 2004: Ahmad Yasin is deliberately killed in a helicopter attack .
• April 17, 2004: Hamas leader Abd al-Aziz al-Rantisi is deliberately killed.
• May 18-23, 2004: Israeli Army's Operation Rainbow in the Gaza Strip .
• Aug. 31, 2004: Bomb attacks in Beersheba on two buses, the two bombers tear 18 people to death and at least 35 others were injured. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigade of Hamas claimed responsibility for the attacks.
• September 20, 2004: Khaled Abu Selmiya , commander of the Izz-al-Din-al-Qassam Brigades, is deliberately killed.
• September 30 - October 15, 2004: Operation Days of Repentance in the Gaza Strip.
• November 11, 2004: Yasser Arafat dies in a Paris military hospital.
• December 2004: First broadcast of the seven - part anti-Semitic , ideological conspiracy television film series on Iranian state television, Zahra's Blue Eyes , broadcast on IRIB Channel 1.

Separation plan and decoupling (2005 – ongoing)

• 2004/2005: The film Paradise Now , the story of two young Palestinian suicide bombers, is shot in 2004 and will be released in 2005.
• January 9, 2005: Mahmoud Abbas is elected President of the Palestinian Authority . Mustafa Barghuthi ends up in second place in the elections.
• January 13, 2005: 6 Israeli soldiers are killed and 5 others wounded in a suicide attack at the Karni crossing in the Gaza Strip .
• February 8, 2005: The Armistice of Sharm El Sheikh signed by Mahmoud Abbas and Ariel Sharon officially ended the Second Intifada .
• February 14, 2005: Assassination attempt on Rafiq al-Hariri in Beirut .
• 2005: First BDS Israeli Apartheid Week .
• May 26, 2005: The last 250 Syrian soldiers withdrew from Lebanon .
• July 9, 2005: The call to found the BDS ( Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions ) campaign is published.
• August 15, 2005: As part of the disengagement plan , Israel clears all settlements in the Gaza Strip and four settlements in the northern West Bank .
• November 24, 2005: Sharon founds the Kadima party after leaving Likud .
• January 2006: al-Aqsa TV starts operations.
• January 26, 2006: Hamas wins parliamentary elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The result is the Gaza blockade .
• February 2006: International Holocaust Caricature Competition in Tehran (Iran)
• March 28, 2006: In the Israeli parliamentary elections, the liberal Kadima , politically formed between Likud and the Labor Party, is elected the strongest party with 28 out of 120 seats and Ehud Olmert as the new Prime Minister. He stated that he wanted to continue Sharon's policy and want to work on a final drawing of the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories ( convergence plan ).
• May 2006: Second Holocaust caricature competition in Tehran
• June 25, 2006: Gilad Shalit was kidnapped by Hamas militants in Israel
• 2006: Beginning of the Fatah-Hamas conflict
• July 12 to August 14, 2006 Israel's Second Lebanon War , triggered by a Hezbollah attack on Israeli soldiers, several of whom are killed and two kidnapped.
• December 11th and 12th, 2006: Holocaust denial conference in Tehran .
• 2007: In June, civil war-like fighting broke out between Hamas and Fatah militias , in the course of which Hamas took full control of the Gaza Strip while Fatah took control of the West Bank . The conflict is also the end of the government of national unity .
• Activities of the Free Gaza Movement since 2007 .
• June 15, 2007: Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas announced that he would appoint Salam Fayyad to lead an emergency government.
• November 27, 2007: An international Middle East conference initiated by the US government takes place in Annapolis , from which decisive prerequisites for a pacification of the Middle East are expected.
• August 9, 2008: Mahmud Darwish dies. His body was transferred to Ramallah, where he received a "state funeral" on August 12, 2008 on a hill not far from the Palace of Culture, which was renamed the "Darwish Palace of Culture".
• November 4, 2008: Israel invades Gaza in response to continued rocket bombardment of southern Israel by Hamas .
• December 18, 2008: Hamas terminates the ceasefire, which is already running out, on the grounds that Israel has not kept the agreements (of the ceasefire).
• December 27, 2008: The IAF launches Operation Cast Lead with air strikes on targets in the Gaza Strip . The operation ends on January 18, 2009.
• January 2009: Scandal caused by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at the World Economic Forum in Davos .
• September 15, 2009: Goldstone Report is published .
• May 31, 2010: Ship-to-Gaza incident
• 2010: On July 26, 2010, Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for direct peace negotiations with the Palestinian Authority. Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas, however, set as a precondition for peace talks that the settlement freeze imposed on the West Bank be declared final by September 26, 2010 and that all areas be handed over to the Palestinian Authority as before the 1967 war.
• January 27, 2011: Premiere in Europe of the film Valley of the Wolves - Palestine .
• April 4, 2011: Juliano Mer-Chami is murdered .
• May 4, 2011: After Egyptian mediation in Cairo, Fatah and Hamas conclude a reconciliation agreement .
• October 18, 2011: Gilad Schalit is released after five years of imprisonment as part of a prisoner exchange
• 2012: Compared to the previous year, Hamas intensified rocket fire on Israel, with almost 1700 Qassam and Katyusha Fajr-3 and Fajr-5 rockets from January to mid-November. Israel begins Operation Pillar of Cloud on November 14th .
• November 29, 2012: Against Israel's will, the representation of the PLO receives observer status as the State of Palestine at the United Nations .
• July 2013: In July, US Secretary of State John Kerry announced a new US initiative. The talks should lead to a peace treaty based on the two-state solution within nine months.
• April 2014: After initial progress, the negotiations collapsed in April 2014 after Abbas entered into a unity government with Hamas and Israel did not release one last group of Palestinian prisoners.
• June 2, 2014: A technocratic "government of national consensus" was formed in Ramallah with the support of the PLO and Hamas.
• On June 12, 2014, three Talmud students were kidnapped and then murdered at a stop for hitchhikers in Allon Shevut . A 16-year-old Palestinian from East Jerusalem was murdered in revenge. The murders sparked riots in Jerusalem that lasted for weeks.
• July 8, 2014 - August 26, 2014: Operation Protective Edge of the Israeli army in the Gaza Strip.
• In the incident in Hebron on March 24, 2016 , an Israeli medical soldier shot an incapacitated Palestinian.
• 4 Israeli civilians died in the terrorist attack in Tel Aviv on June 8, 2016 .
• December 2017: OIC special summit on the Jerusalem crisis in Istanbul
• May 14, 2018: The United States Embassy opens in Jerusalem
• May 2018: OIC special summit in Istanbul
• March 25, 2019: US President Donald Trump formally recognizes the Syrian Golan Heights , which Israel has annexed for 52 years, as the state of Israel.
• November 12, 2019: Targeted killing of Baha Abu al-Ata, leader of Islamic jihad, and his wife. After heavy rocket fire, the Israeli air force bombs the Gaza Strip, killing 34 Palestinians.

See also

• Israeli peace diplomacy
• Israeli-Palestinian conflict
• Middle East conflict

literature

• Muriel Asseburg , Jan Busse: The Middle East Conflict. History, positions, perspectives . Verlag CHBeck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69776-0
• From Politics and Contemporary History 9/2010: Middle East Conflict .
• Martin Beck: Peace Process in the Middle East. Rationality, cooperation and political rent in the Middle East . Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-531-13724-7
• Conor Cruise O'Brien : State of Siege. The history of the state of Israel and Zionism (Original title: "The Siege: The Saga of Israel and Zionism"), ISBN 978-3-85445-033-7 (Original: ISBN 978-0-671-63310-3 ).
• Noah Flug , Martin Schäuble: The History of the Israelis and Palestinians. With maps, timetable and media information . Munich, updated edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-423-62416-9 .
• Motti Golani: From Civil War to Interstate War and Back again. The War over Israel / Palestine, 1945-2000 , in: Zeithistorische Forschungen / Studies in Contemporary History 2 (2005), pp. 54–70.
• Margret Johannsen: The Middle East Conflict , Springer VS, 4th, updated edition, Wiesbaden 2017, ISBN 978-3-658-16087-6 .
• Gernot Rotter, Schirin Fathi: Middle East Lexicon. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict from A – Z , Palmyra Verlag, Heidelberg 2001, ISBN 3-930378-28-0 .
• Rolf Steininger : The Middle East Conflict , Fischer-Kompakt, Frankfurt am Main 2003, 4th edition 2006, ISBN 3-596-16121-5 .
• Dieter Vieweger: Controversy about the Holy Land - What everyone should know about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict , Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh, 3rd revised and updated edition, 2011, ISBN 978-3-579-06757-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Deutschlandfunk calendar sheet July 5, 2020: Law for 70 years The right of every Jew to return to Israel
2. ^ Background First world conference against racism ended in scandal , FAZ August 27, 2001
3. ^ Background First world conference against racism ended in scandal , FAZ August 27, 2001
4. ↑ Kölner Stadtanzeiger from September 1, 2004, page 1
5. ↑ Debate with Peres Gaza scandal in Davos - Erdogan storms off the podium , Der Spiegel January 29, 2009
6. ↑ Welt.de (Ed.): Israel: Arab Israeli will light a torch for the first time . April 22, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed January 4, 2020]).
7. ^ OIC special summit on the Jerusalem crisis The Islamic world is looking for answers , by Christian Buttkereit, Deutschlandfunk December 13, 2017
8. ^ Mass rally in Istanbul Erdoğan, the Palestinian protector , by Wolf Wittenfeld, TAZ May 18, 2018
9. ↑ OIC Erdoğan's special summit accuses Israel of Nazi methods , Die Zeit , May 19, 2018
10. ^ Special OIC summit in Istanbul Low point for the Turkish-Israeli relationship , by Christian Buttkereit, Deutschlandfunk Kultur May 18, 2018
11. ↑ spiegel.de: Abu al-Ata purposefully killed in the Gaza Strip
12. ↑ spiegel.de: Israel's air force bombs positions of militant Palestinians