Ivan Ivanovich Nepljujew

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Iwan Iwanowitsch Nepljujew ( Pjotr ​​Fjodorowitsch Borel )

Iwan Iwanowitsch Nepljujew ( Russian Иван Иванович Неплюев ; * 5th November jul. / 15 November  1693 greg. At the manor Nawolok, Luga district ; † 11 November July / 22 November 1773 greg. In Poddubje, district Luga) was a Russian diplomat .  

Life

Nepljujew was the son of the Novgorod landlord Ivan Nikititsch Nepljujew (1672-1709) and his wife Princess Marfa Petrovna Myshetska (1673-1715). In 1711 he married Feodosja Fyodorovna (1695-1740), niece of the shipbuilder Ivan Yuryevich Tatishchev . In 1715, when he already had two children, he was called up by ukase from 1714 to study at the Novgorod School of Mathematics . In June 1715 he was transferred to the School of Navigation in Narva and three months later to the newly opened Naval Academy in St. Petersburg , where he graduated in 1716. He was then assigned as a guard of the Reval fleet for further training in Venice . 1717–1718 he took part in the Venetian Turkish War. He continued his education in Cádiz and returned to St. Petersburg in 1720. There he passed the test brilliantly in the presence of Peter I and, as a Porutschik of the galley fleet, became the commander of all ships in St. Petersburg.

In 1721 Nepljujew was succeeded Alexei Ivanovich Dashkov's Russian envoy in Constantinople . For his eagerness to serve he was regularly promoted, so that he was finally Schout-bij-Nacht in 1730 according to a major general . In 1734 he was recalled, and Ivan Andreevich Shcherbatov took over. In 1737 Nepljujew was involved in the negotiations to end the Russo-Austrian Turkish War in Nemirow and then in 1739 in the preparation of the Peace of Belgrade . In 1740 he was involved in establishing the Russian-Turkish border on the Dnieper and Bug . He received the Alexander Nevsky Order and became governor of the new Kiev governorate . After the death of his first wife in 1741, he married Anna Ivanovna Panina (1717-1745) from the family of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin and Pyotr Ivanovich Panin .

In November 1741 after Elizabeth's accession to power , Nepljujew was arrested for denunciation and lost the office of Supreme Commander Lesser Russia , the privy council rank (3rd class ), the Alexander Nevsky Order and the Little Russian lands. Soon convinced Elizabeth of Nepljujews innocence, so they gave him back rank, decorations and lands and him in 1741 for governor of the Orenburg region appointed, the territories of today's Samara Oblast , Orenburg Oblast and Bashkortostan , as well as parts of the Perm region and the Western Kazakhstan included. During his 16 years of administration he founded the city of Orenburg to defend against the Bashkirs , Kalmyks and Kazakhs and built up to 70 fortresses on Samara , Jaik , Ui , Uwelka (tributary of the Ui), Miass and Tobol . He organized the Orenburg Cossack Force and improved the organization of the Jaik Cossack Force. He also settled Bashkirs, baptized Kalmyks and others and took care of the building of schools and churches. He promoted trade and industry, so that 28 copper works and 13 iron works were founded. In 1743 he determined the final location of Orenburg on the Jaik near the mouth of the Sakmara . In the same year the Senate approved the establishment of the central administration and a fair in the Chelyabinsk fortress . In 1744 the Orenburg governorate was founded, whose governor was Nepljujew. He was able to suppress the Bashkir uprising of 1755–1757 without great losses and arrest the leader Mullah Gabdulla Galiev . To celebrate this success, the Elisabeth gates were built on the Jaik bank in Orenburg as the gateway to Asia . In 1758 he took a leave of absence. His successor as Orenburg governor was Afanassi Romanowitsch Dawydow .

In 1760 Nepljujew was appointed senator and he became a member of the Conference of Ministers (until 1762). In 1761 he bought a dacha in Ujesd Schlüsselburg , which later became Otradnoye . He then enjoyed the trust of Catherine II , who in 1762 awarded him the Order of St. Andrew the First Called and entrusted him with the troops in St. Petersburg and the supervision of the heir to the throne Paul I during her absence from St. Petersburg . From September 1762 to June 1763 and from June 1764 to July 1764 he was Governor General of St. Petersburg. After that the office remained vacant.

On the basis of his daily notes, Nepljujew wrote his notes , which first appeared in 1823 in the Otetschestwennye Sapiski and then in 1871 in Leonid Nikolajewitsch Maikows Russki Archiw . He also described his life himself.

Nepljujew had six children from his first marriage, of which only the two youngest survived.

In 1994 Nepljuiev's bust was erected in Orenburg . There is a large monument with his statue in Troitsk .

Web links

Commons : Iwan Iwanowitsch Nepljujew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Неплюев (Иван Иванович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXa, 1897, p. 887 ( Wikisource [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  2. ↑ Акманов, И. Г. : Неплюев, Иван Иванович . In: Башкирская энциклопедия . 2013 ( башкирская-энциклопедия.рф [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  3. ↑ Неплюев, Иван Иванович . In: Большая биографическая энциклопедия . 2009 ( academic.ru [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  4. ↑ В. И. Щербина: воеводы Кіевскіе, губеранаторы и генералъ-губернаторы отъ 1654 по 1775 г . In: Чтенія въ историческомъ общест†Нестора лЂтописца . tape VI , no. II , 1892, p. 123–148 ( org.ua [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Витевский В. Н .: И. И. Неплюев, верный слуга своего отечества, основатель Оренбурга и устроитель Оренбургского края. -Биосгрт. очерк … тип. Имп. ун-та, Kazan 1891 ( rsl.ru [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  6. ↑ Неплюев И. И .: Проект Неплюева о преобразовании Яицкого войска . In: Русский архив . tape 2 , no. 5 , 1878, p. 5-33 ( memoirs.ru [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  7. ↑ Витевский В. Н .: И. И. Неплюев и Оренбургский край в прежнем его составе до 1758 года, Т. 2 . Kazan 1897, p. 461 .
  8. ↑ Неплюев И. И .: Жизнь Ивана Ивановича Неплюева (им самим писанная) . тип. Грачева и К °, Moscow 1870 ( rsl.ru [accessed November 8, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Nepljujew, Ivan Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Неплюев, Иван Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1693
PLACE OF BIRTH Navolok, Luga Raion
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1773
Place of death Poddubye, Luga district