Jahnsfelde

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jahnsfelde
City of Müncheberg
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 39 ″  N , 14 ° 13 ′ 41 ″  E
Height : 59 m
Residents : 243  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : March 1, 2002
Postal code : 15374
Area code : 033477
Jahnsfelde (Germany)
Jahnsfelde

Location of Jahnsfelde in Germany

Jahnsfelde is one of eight districts of the city of Müncheberg and is located east of Berlin directly on Bundesstraße 1 in the Märkisch-Oderland district . Organic agriculture has been practiced in the Jahnsfelde district since 1991 .

history

Jahnsfelde is located in an area that was settled very early. Body grave finds from the Neolithic in the Jahnsfeld area prove this. Material finds testify to the presence of Yugoslav tribes in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area.

The place 'Iansuelde' was founded in 1244 - like the neighboring Trebnitz and Müncheberg - by the Silesian Cistercian nunnery of Trebnitz , who made land available to Duke Heinrich I (1165–1238) in 1224. The district came into the possession of the aristocratic von Pfuel family in 1449 and remained in the possession of the family without interruption until the land reform in 1946.

In 1862 Theodor Fontane visited the Jahnsfeld squire Alexander von Pfuel , who showed him around his castle and the castle church. Fontane writes his report on Jahnsfelde in the chapter " The Pulen-Land " in his " Walks through the Mark Brandenburg ".

In 1908 the Jahnsfelde volunteer fire brigade was founded. In order to counteract the rural exodus, four pension vouchers were created in Jahnsfelde between 1910 and 1912 by the Lebus district. Craftsmen and farm workers are settled here. With the land reform , the last entails master on Jahnsfelde, Curt-Christoph von Pfuel , is expropriated. From this expropriated agricultural land and forest, 25 new farmers, 3 poor farmers, 10 artisans and 45 workers receive their land. In 1946 Jahnsfelde had a total of 445 inhabitants - the highest number to date. In October 1979 a dormitory for mentally handicapped young people was set up in the castle. The castle served as a home for these children until the end of 2001. In 1991 the Öko-Argar-GmbH Jahnsfelder Landhof is founded, which joins the Bioland cultivation association . From the funds of the investment lump sum " Aufbau Ost ", around 3.7 million DM will flow into the castle renovation. On March 31, 2002, Jahnsfelde becomes part of the newly formed city of Müncheberg. The construction of a new fire station , which began in 2017 , will be completed in September 2018.

Lignite mining

The mining of lignite around Jahnsfelde begins in 1848. In July 1848, the green "Franke" is the first to be approved for mining lignite by the Royal Mining Authority of Rüdersdorf . In the next few years, the permits for a large number of other pits with a total of 109 shafts will follow. In 1870, construction of a locomobile railroad and horse-drawn railway began to transport the extracted lignite to Trebnitz station .

Population development

The following overview shows the population development of Jahnsfeld (area status December 31, 2006).

year Residents
1734 175
1772 202
1791 203
1798 208
1840 308
1864 409
1905 365
year Residents
1925 348
1939 361
1946 445
1964 398
1971 386
2001 317
2006 312
year Residents
2011 261
2015 254
2019 243

Attractions

Castle Church Next to the castle is the castle church built from field stones in the 13th century. The frames of the windows, as well as the buttresses on the east corners of the nave and on the southwest corner of the tower, like all later changes to the building, were made of brick and were made during an extensive renovation phase in 1869. A sandstone epitaph for Christoph von Pfuel, who died on February 25, 1593, is attached to the inner wall next to the altar. Other memorial plaques testify to the almost 500-year history of the von Pfuel family in Jahnsfelde.

  • Castle church Jahnsfelde
  • Jahnsfelde, Castle Church.jpg
  • Kirchejahnsfelde.jpg

Castle - ancestral castle of those von Pfuel The core of the castle consists of a two-story solid plastered building. The building is partially basement with rooms with groin vaults from the 17th century (probably around 1680). The external appearance of this oldest surviving part of the building was probably redesigned in a classical style around 1831 and has a slightly protruding central projection on its southern façade , the crowning gable of which is adorned with the sandstone coat of arms of the von Pfuel family. The center of the south facade is the arbor with stairs on both sides. In the year the empire was founded in 1871, the castle was expanded generously with brick-faced brick extensions in Brandenburg-neo-Gothic forms. These are adorned by richly structured stepped gables crowned by battlements, accompanied by two round stair towers and another tower with a pyramidal, brick-faced helmet that takes up the main entrance from the north side. Above the main entrance an inscription shows the reference to the long reign of the von Pfuels in Jahnsfelde:

Luck in, bad luck out!
This has been the Pfuelen chivalrous house for 400 years
God wants to keep you in luck and danger
Gender and home.
  • Jahnsfeld Castle
  • JahnsfeldeSchloss.JPG
  • Jahnsfelde, Castle 1.jpg
  • Schlossjahnsfelde.jpg
  • Jahnsfelde, Castle 2.jpg
  • Jahnsfelde Castle.jpg

Castle Park Probably in the middle of the 19th century by Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau  influenced, today preserved in its fundamentals, Castle Park is located in the town center. It houses the castle in the north and the castle church in the northeast. The approximately 3 hectare park borders the L36 in the east and Bundesstraße 1 in the south. A line of sight to the south extends the castle park beyond the B1 and visually merges the park with the landscape further behind. Theodor Fontane describes the Jahnsfelder Schlosspark in 1863 in his " Walks through the Mark Brandenburg ":

The park, which picturesquely surrounds the mansion on all sides, is a new creation. The immediately adjacent cemetery could also be drawn into the park, as the creation of a new burial site was necessary anyway.

In the park are u. a. Hanging beech , black pine , cucumber magnolia , plane trees , black walnut , giant tree of life and ginkgo . The thickest linden tree in the Märkisch-Oderland district stands here with a circumference of 6.69 m (as of July 2019) and an age of around 500 years. Because of its old stock of trees, the Jahnsfeld Palace Park was recognized as an individual monument in 1977. The manor wall surrounding the castle park was torn down between 1945 and 1950. Residential houses were built on parts of the old park. In the early 2000s, the park paths were redesigned. A Swiss -style house on the edge of the castle park and the former farm gardener's house from the 19th century burned down to the ground in 2018. Since the summer of 2019 bubbles before the castle again a fountain in the reconstructed historical model fountains . The castle park is used today for recreation and leisure and forms a center for activities in the village. Local festivals and fire-fighting exercises take place here every year. A football and volleyball field was laid out on the lawn and a table tennis table was set up for sporting leisure time. The municipal park is open to the public all year round.

One-class school The former one-class school was built in the middle of the 19th century as a brick building typical of that time . School classes were held from 1859 to 1968. In 1980 the property was rebuilt, which resulted in a significant change in the interior and exterior views. The original condition of the former school building was restored through an extensive restoration in 2004. The former school building is used today as a community center, youth club and event location for the district.

Mausoleum and Erbbegräbnisplatz those Pfuel in the cemetery on the early 19th century landscaped cemetery , the former is Mausoleum those Pfuel. The plastered building from late classicism consists of a prayer room and the former crypt below . The portal accommodates a double-leaf door under a porch with five columns . The von Pfuelsche coat of arms has been preserved above the entrance . Today it serves as a mourning hall . In front of the mausoleum are the grave crosses and stones restored between 2011 and 2017 for:

Infrastructure

Half milestone near Jahnsfelde

The federal highway 1 , which runs through the town from west to east today , was originally expanded as Chaussee Müncheberg - Seelow - Kietz - Küstrin in the years 1817 to 1819. The 1⁄4 and 1⁄2 milestones erected in and around Jahnsfelde from this time and preserved today are bell-shaped, with an elliptical cross-section and made of sandstone . The stones are under monument protection :

  • Quarter milestone at km 28.9 within the village
  • Half milestone at km 30.8 outside the village between Jahnsfelde and Müncheberg

Bundesstraße 1 connects Jahnsfelde with the towns of Müncheberg and Diedersdorf . Landstrasse 36 runs through the town from south to north and connects Jahnsfelde with the towns of Behlendorf and Trebnitz .

Personalities

  • Alexander von Pfuel (1825–1898), Prussian officer, knighthood director, gentleman on Jahnsfelde
  • Johannes Mildbraed (1879–1954), German botanist
  • Christian Friedrich von Pfuel (1653–1702), Prussian colonel, lord of Gielsdorf, Wilkendorf and Jahnsfelde
  • Christian Ludwig von Pfuel (1696–1756), Prussian major general of the infantry, lord of Jahnsfelde
  • Curt-Christoph von Pfuel (1907–2000), Prussian assessor, senior member of the DVB, as well as German representative of the press and information department of the Council of Europe, last Fideikommiss Mr.
  • Ernst von Pfuel (1779–1866), Prussian general of the infantry, reformer of military sports, commander of the city of Cologne and the Prussian sector of Paris, governor of the Principality of Neuchâtel and briefly governor of Berlin, as well as Prussian Prime Minister and Minister of War
  • Friedrich von Pfuel (1460–1527), knight and electoral Brandenburg governor, lord of Jahnsfelde, Altranft, Vichel, Heiligensee, Gielsdorf, Wilkendorf and Eggersdorf, lender of Jerichow Castle, Groß Schönfeld, Hohenfelde (Mecklenburg), and Bärenwalde
  • Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig von Pfuel (1781–1846), Prussian lieutenant general, commandant of Saarlouis, Spandau and Stettin, master of Jahnsfelde, Wilkendorf and Gielsdorf
  • Hempo Ludwig von Pfuel (1690–1770), Prussian major, director of the Breslau War and Domain Chamber, Privy Council and President of the War and Domain Chamber in Halberstadt, Herr auf Jahnsfelde, Gielsdorf and Wilkendorf
  • Ludwig von Pfuel (1718–1789), Prussian major general and court marshal, lord of Jahnsfelde
  • Maximilian von Pfuel (1854–1930), Prussian major general

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Historical local dictionary f. Brandenburg, Part VII, Lebus, 1983, p. 196 ff.
  2. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
  3. ^ Fontane, Walks through the Mark Brandenburg, Das Oderland (1863)
  4. ^ Baumkunde.de: Linden tree in the Jahnsfelde castle park
  5. ↑ Müncheberg current: House burned to the ground, October 28, 2018
  6. ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung, the fountain should bubble again, April 18, 2019
  7. ↑ Seenland Oder-Spree e. V. (ed.), Strolling in parks and gardens in the Lake District Oder-Spree (2017), p. 74 f.

literature

  • Marco Schulz: Jahnsfelde . In: Friends of the palaces and gardens of the Mark, Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger (ed.): Palaces and gardens of the Mark . L&H Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-941675-00-1 .
  • Marco Thiedig: The treasure of Jahnsfelde . In: Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland (Ed.): Yearbook 2020 Märkisch-Oderland . 27th year, Findling Verlag, Werneuchen 2019, pp. 67–69.

Web links

Commons : Jahnsfelde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files