Jakob Josef von Haus

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Jakob Josef Haus , since 1796 Jakob Josef von Haus (born November 30, 1748 in Würzburg , † April 17, 1833 or April 16, 1833 in Palermo / Sicily ) was a German lawyer and university professor .

Life

Jakob Josef Haus was the second son of the Würzburg court and government councilor Franz Melchior Anton Haus (1712–1771) and his first wife Barbara Therese (née Kirchstetter) (1723–1759). He still had six brothers and a sister, the two youngest brothers from his father's second marriage to Margarete Barbara (née Andres) (1729–1794):

  • Bernhard Josef Haus (* 1747), captain of the infantry and later chief post administrator in Güns in Hungary ; he was raised to the nobility on March 6, 1797 by Emperor Franz II , married to Luise (née Bodtmann);
  • Ambrosius Haus (* 1750; † 1829), pastor ;
  • Sabine Therese Haus (* 1752; † 1787), married to Christoph von Pisani, bailiff and councilor;
  • Father Euvenius (* 1756), religious priest;
  • Balthasar Josef Haus (born August 23, 1758 - † May 8, 1838), educator of the Italian Crown Prince ; was raised to the status of Reichs-Banner-Freiherrn by Emperor Franz II on July 26, 1802;
  • Ernst August Haus (born August 24, 1767; March 1, 1813), university professor in Würzburg, married to Barbara (née Stang) (1767–1794);
  • Pankraz Haus (* 1770; † 1842), councilor, married to Marie (née Bauer).

He enrolled at the University of Würzburg and studied law and philosophy ; he continued his studies in Wetzlar and the University of Göttingen . In Göttingen he attended the lectures of Georg Ludwig Böhmer , Johann Stephan Pütter , Christian Friedrich Georg Meister (1718–1782), Christian Gottlob Heyne , Johann Georg Heinrich Feder and Christoph Meiners , with whom he maintained a friendship well into old age. As early as 1775, Prince Adam Friedrich appointed him as the successor to the late Johann Jakob Joseph Sündermahler , as professor of German constitutional law as well as natural and international law at the University of Würzburg; he was the first lecturer there to give his lectures in German. In 1782 he became dean of the law faculty. He received his doctorate in 1777 at the law faculty of the University of Würzburg as a doctor of both rights .

From 1784 to 1796 he worked, together with his younger brother Balthasar Josef Haus, at the Italian royal house in Naples as tutor to the Crown Prince and later King Francis I of both Sicilies . Given Napoleon's successes in his Italian campaign , the royal family fled to Palermo in December 1798. In 1802 he returned with the court to Naples, where the Crown Prince, with the support of John Acton , had resumed state affairs. He was appointed superintendent of the public art collections in Naples by the king in 1803 and began to record, classify and explain them; he himself also owned a collection of paintings and other works of art.

In 1806 he fled again with the court to Sicily, where he conducted archaeological studies in Girgenti and Monreale , where he had to flee in 1820 because of a military coup in Palermo and the resulting popular uprising. In Monreale he initially lived in a Charterhouse , then in a remote Benedictine monastery and for the last ten years in the house of Marchese Enrico Carlo Forcella (1795–1855). From 1810 to 1820 he was vice principal of the public schools in Sicily.

Jakob Josef von Haus had a lifelong friendship with the theologian Franz Oberthür . He also maintained a friendship with his pupil, who later became the Italian king, which was characterized by mutual visits and frequent correspondence.

Jakob Josef von Haus remained unmarried throughout his life.

Educator of the Crown Prince

In 1783, the mother of the six-year-old Crown Prince, Maria Karolina , was looking for a court master for her son. She placed great importance on a German educator and for this reason turned to her sister, Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria , governor of the Austrian Netherlands . This commissioned Alexander von Seckendorff (1743–1814), who was the adjutant of Duke Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen in Brussels , and the imperial ambassador Franz Georg Karl von Metternich , who was then accredited to the Kurhine courts , to inquire about suitable teachers. Alexander von Seckendorf turned to his brother in Franconia , the then Chamber President in Ansbach , who was a special friend of Benedict Mackenzie, the then prior of the Schottenkloster Würzburg . Through this, the younger brother of Jakob Josef Haus, with whom Makenzie was personally acquainted, was contacted and his brother agreed to accept the position. Franz Georg Karl von Metternich, who was personally acquainted with Jakob Joseph Haus, asked him in writing about the same matter, but without naming the farm for which he was looking for a teacher. Jakob Joseph Haus refused, saying that he was very satisfied with his current position and, should it be the Italian royal court, his brother had also been asked about this and that he was expecting to be called up soon.

Franz Georg Karl von Metternich sent the original of this letter to the Archduchess; she considered the two recommendations to be a special stroke of fate and now wanted to hire both brothers as tutors of the crown prince. Prince Franz Ludwig von Erthal , who was reluctant to let Jakob Josef Haus go, gave in to his request because he felt obliged to the Austrian family.

Both brothers traveled to Naples on March 9, 1784 via Vienna , Venice , Florence and Rome , where they arrived on September 10 of the same year, after having been in Vienna for several weeks and a few months in Rome.

In 1797 the upbringing ended when the Crown Prince married the Archduchess Maria Klementine of Austria .

Robbery 1820

When the popular uprising broke out in Palermo in July 1820, various citizens were robbed. Because Jakob Josef von Haus was believed to have great treasures, as he had lived at the court for many years and was always very generous, some robbers gathered in front of his house and discussed how to proceed. In order not to scare him to death, only two of the robbers entered the house, who demanded money from him without threats or violence. After he showed them the cupboard in which his fortune was, they robbed him of all his silver money and a valuable diamond ring. When they were about to leave, he asked them what he should live on if they robbed him of all his money, whereupon one of the two robbers gave him back a sack of money. He was so touched by this that he later stood up for this robber at the court hearing, but he was executed anyway. Jakob Josef von Haus later took care of his family.

honors and awards

Memberships

Fonts (selection)

literature

  • Jakob Josef von Haus . In: Archive of the Historical Association for the Lower Main District , Volume 3. Würzburg 1833. P. 94 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Anthony von Siegenfeld: Genealogical pocket book of the noble houses of Austria . ISBN 978-5-88073-613-3 ( google.de [accessed on February 17, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME House, Jakob Josef von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES House, Giacomo Giuseppe; House, Jacob Joseph; House, Jacobus Josephus; House, Iacobus Iosephus; House, Jacob Joseph; House, JJ; House, Jakob Josef; Haus, Jakob J. von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Wurzburg
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1833 or April 17, 1833
Place of death Palermo , Sicily