Jawa
Jawa is a Czech motorcycle and former automobile manufacturer . In the past, Jawa was one of the leading motorcycle manufacturers, Jawa two-wheelers have been exported to more than 120 countries.
At the beginning of 2014, 6,806 Jawa motorcycles were registered in Germany, which corresponds to a share of 0.2%.
Two-wheelers
The company emerged in 1929 from an ammunition and weapons factory, when the owner František Janeček acquired the license to produce a 500 cm³ motorcycle from Wanderer-Werke AG in Schönau near Chemnitz, which gave up the production of motorized two-wheelers. The name “Jawa” was then formed from the names “ Ja neček” and “ Wa nderer”. The Wanderer construction was not fully developed and the success was only moderate. Then, with the employment of the English motorcycle racer and designer George William Patchetts , extensive component purchases and further license acquisitions - mainly in England (mostly at Villiers Engineering Ltd. ) - the transition to the production of in-house developments took place. In the 1950s, Jawa developed and produced modern two-wheelers with, in some cases, internationally trend-setting design features (Jawa 500, Jawa 550). However, the four-stroke engine production was ended later and the two-stroke machines were only further developed in detail.
motorcycles
In Germany, the new types of the Jawa 250 and Jawa 350 with double-piston engine were presented at the Leipzig spring fair in 1949 and represented modern motorcycles in terms of both design and shape. In 1954, the so-called "Kývačka" followed with a new chassis, with straight-ahead suspension being replaced by a modern two-arm Rear swing arm (= kývačka , pronounced kiewatschka ) was converted with struts . Jawa motorcycles from the 1950s and 1960s were mostly painted red. The motorcycle models were mainly two-stroke - 125 to 175 single-cylinder, Jawa 350 with two cylinders, 250 both single and two-cylinder with Jawa or ČZ engines under the brand name Jawa or Jawa-ČZ. The 250 from 1954 had just under 9 kW and the specified top speed was 105 km / h. From 1952 to 1956, the Jawa 500 with a two-cylinder four-stroke engine and OHC valve control was also produced in series. The engine represented a progressive development; internationally, two-cylinder OHC engines in this displacement class did not come onto the market until 1965 with the Honda CB 450 .
In 1962 the 250 and 350 types (internally now 559/02 and 354/06) were slightly changed. For export markets there were also versions called Supersport with engine power increased to 17 or 20 hp. Machines with 125 and 175 cm³ cubic capacity were not offered as Jawa at that time, but under the CZ brand . From around 1968, the Jawa models were given a refresh with a modernized design (now as "Californian" with wider and higher handlebars, exhausts higher than the rear axle) and engine output increased by around 60%. They were no longer called Kývačka, but the basic concept remained the same for the time being. However, with the Jawa brand, the machines for the consumer market are concentrated on the 350 cc engine, the smaller ones from this model series are more or less left to the sister brand ČZ.
In the GDR, Jawa motorcycles were widespread in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1963 250,000 Jawa and CZ motorcycles were registered in the GDR.
Known pre-war machines
- Jawa 500 OHV (1929) called Rumpál = hoisting winch, single cylinder and cardan drive, Wanderer license
- Jawa 175 Villiers (1932), two-stroke single-cylinder engines and other components were supplied by Villiers, later Jawa produced engines under license
- Jawa 350 SV (1934), one cylinder
- Jawa 350 OHV (1935), single cylinder
- Jawa 250 (1935), two-stroke single cylinder
- Jawa 100 Robot (1937), two-stroke single cylinder
- Jawa 250 Duplex Block (1939), two-stroke single cylinder, the gearbox is interlocked with the engine block
Well-known post-war machines
- Jawa 250 type 11 (1946), called Pérák = spring man , two-stroke single-cylinder, straight suspension on the rear wheel
- Jawa 350 type 12 (1948), called Pérák = Federmann, initially under the brand name Ogar 350 , two-stroke twin-cylinder, straight-line suspension on the rear wheel
- Jawa 500 OHC type 15/00, / 01 four-stroke two-cylinder, vertical shaft with worm gear (1952–1956) and type 15/02, vertical shaft with bevel gear (1956–1959), straight-line suspension on the rear wheel
- Jawa 250, 350 type 354 (two-cylinder), 125, 150 and 175 with rear swing arm (from 1954), called "Kývačka" (pronounced kiewatschka )
- Jawa 350 Californian, with pump lubrication and disengaging gearshift foot lever
- Jawa 350 type 634 (1973–1984, two-stroke twin-cylinder)
Mopeds
In the 1950s, some progressive and internationally trend-setting design trends were first implemented in Jawa's mopeds. The original type 550 , which was presented in 1954 and manufactured from 1955, was a half-faired Mokick with 1.5 hp and a top speed of 50 km / h and already had a three-speed foot-operated gearbox, footrests and kick starter. As a special feature, the gear lever and kick starter were one and the same component. This was followed by the Jawa 555 (1958), as well as the types 05 (1962), 20/21 (1966) and 23 "Mustang" (1968). The Mokick model range was produced in Bystrica , Slovakia . The power of the engine was increased, in 1968 the motorcycle-look Jawa Mustang achieved 4 hp and 65 km / h. However, the Jawas could not prevail against the Simson mokicks, which were widespread in the GDR . The former had a far more powerful engine, were more sophisticated and well equipped. The Jawa Mustang, on the other hand, had neither brake lights nor indicators, nor a flasher. Imports into the GDR were discontinued in the mid-1970s, and they were offered in West Germany for a longer period of time. The production of mopeds in Bystrica ended in 1982.
At the same time, series production of a moped , the Jawetta 551, began at Jawa in Prague in 1958 . Prototypes were presented in Brno as early as 1956 and at the 1957 Leipzig Spring Fair. The modernly designed vehicle with a press shell frame had a horizontal single-cylinder two-stroke engine with two gears and 1.5 hp, which accelerated the 42 kg moped to 45 km / h. There was also the Jawetta Sport moped , which was designed to be sportier and had an engine power increased to 2 hp.
In 1957, the production of mopeds of the stadium series began in Rakovník, Czech Republic , but these were not sold under the name Jawa. The engine was the type 552, which was derived from the type 551 of the Jawetta.
At a fourth location, Považské strojárne, three models of slightly larger small motorcycles with a displacement of 90 cm³ were developed in cooperation with Italy from 1967 - at the time of the partial political and economic opening of Czechoslovakia to the West ( Jawa 90 Roadster, Trail and Cross ) and produced until 1972. These were offered both in the GDR and in the FRG (Neckermann).
In 1970, production of the Babetta moped model series was finally started again in Bystrica , which was still in production until 1999. The Babetta was not exported to the GDR, but enjoyed popularity in West Germany, where it was sold through Neckermann . Production was moved to Kolárovo in 1983 .
The horizontal cylinder was characteristic of the Jawa mopeds from the start (except for the Stadion and Jawa 90 series). Despite its long stroke (stroke: 44 mm, bore: 38 mm), its elasticity was insufficient. This characteristic, which forced driving at high revs, earned the little Jawas the nickname "biscuit saw".
Well-known moped models
- Jawa 50 Pionýr type 550 (1954), single seat, also called "Pařez" (pronounced Parschäss ) = tree trunk
- Jawa 50 type 555 (1958), single-seater, full fairing with luggage rack above the rear wheel
- Jawa 50 Typ 05 , Typ 20, 21 "Pionýr" (two-seater, half scooter with or without running boards / knee protection, three-speed gearbox, foot switch)
- Jawa 50 type 23 "Mustang" (1968, two-seater, drive unit identical to model 20, 21)
- Jawa 90 Cross, Trail and Roadster (1968–1972)
- Jawa 50 "Stadion" (1957, moped, two-speed gearbox, manual transmission, lightweight construction)
- Jawa 50 "Jawetta" (1958, moped, two-speed gearbox, manual transmission, disguised)
- Jawa 50 Babetta (from 1970, moped, input gearbox, automatic clutch, transistor ignition)
Car-trailer operation and motorsport
The Jawa vehicles with sidecars from Velorex are also known . Velorex also manufactured three-wheeled mini cars with two seats based on the complete Jawa motorcycle drive. The body consisted of a tubular steel frame covered with removable synthetic leather. They became popular under the nickname "Netopýr" ("bat") or "Montgomerák" ("Montgomery rock", after General Montgomery , whose duffle coat in characteristic color and made of similar material became popular as the Montgomery coat ).
Drivers with Jawa motorcycles achieved numerous successes in motorcycle racing . Of particular note are 15 victories for the main trophy in the six-day rides in the years 1947 to 1982 and several Grand Prix victories in the 1960s in the motorcycle world championship .
Sports models
- Jawa 500 Rennsport ( Speedway , 1964, ex ESO S45 (from 1953) OHV , from 1976 DOHC )
- Jawa 250 Motocross , 27 PS (1963)
Unicycle trailer PAV 40/41/100
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The first motorcycle trailers PAV 40 were manufactured from 1960 to 1963 by Avia Letňany , later by Jawa. The PAV 41 replaced the PAV 40 and was produced until the 1970s. The trailers have a trailing wheel of size 260 × 85 and a design-related maximum speed of 70 km / h. The trailers are nowadays a sought-after accessory for classic motorcycles not only from Jawa or for small cars like the BMW Isetta .
Technical data PAV 40
- Dead weight 20 kg
- Permissible load 30 kg
- Permissible top speed 70 km / h
- Loading space 103.6 dm³
- Wheel dimensions 260 mm × 85 mm
- Tire pressure 1.0-1.2 bar
- Max. Width 620 mm
- Max. Height 600 mm
Historic cars
Automobiles were also manufactured from 1934 onwards. Janeček came to an agreement relatively quickly with Auto Union AG from Chemnitz , to which the DKW plant in Zschopau belonged. With this, JaWa began under the model name Jawa 700 with the license production of modified DKW F2 (master class) with two-stroke engine. In 1937 a separate model Jawa Minor was developed (with two-stroke engine 616 cm³, 15 kW, three-speed gearbox , later called Jawa Minor I). Up to the outbreak of the war, almost 2,000 copies were built in different model variants, and immediately after the end of the war about 700 pieces were made from the material secured at the beginning of the war. The successor model Jawa Minor II , which was secretly developed under adventurous conditions during the German occupation of the country, went into series production after the war - not least due to the political situation - for strategic market reasons under the brand name Aero Minor (also a two-stroke with 616 cm³, 15 kW, but with a completely rebuilt chassis and body and a four-speed gearbox, better known as the Aero-Minor II). Its production was spread over two locations of different car and aircraft manufacturers (neither Jawa nor Aero owned). Both in the street version and in a two-seater “cigar” version as a racing car, it was able to record notable successes in various well-known car races ( Monte Carlo Rally , Le Mans 24-hour race ). Its technical suitability has been proven, among other things, with long-distance test / propaganda trips through the Sahara and the Arctic Circle (in winter) as well as with successful exports to various European countries. These were imported into Switzerland from Garage Rebmann in Aarau. A processing and delivery warehouse was built for this purpose in Safenwil AG, which was taken over by Emil Frey AG after the end of the minor import. A total of around 15,000 pieces were produced.
Despite a true success story of the Aero Minor and although a prototype of the successor model Minor III had already been built (according to some sources with a 650 cc two-stroke engine, according to others with a four-stroke), the political leadership of the nationalized car industry in what was then Czechoslovakia decided, to stop production in 1951. Thus, no model series should be pursued that could have competed with comparable makes (namely the Škoda brand ). However, capacity reasons may have had even more weight in this decision, since it was believed that production facilities were needed for military purposes. The decision was not changed by the interest that Western countries are said to have expressed in further production under license.
The basic version of the production models was a two-door closed sedan ( Tudor ), various modifications were also made - including convertibles , roadsters , station wagons and pickups . There were also numerous prototypes that did not go into series production. Also Sodomka , manufacturer of exclusive and elegant bodies for all possible brands, leaving his creations at Jawa. With various racing versions sporting successes could be achieved, especially with the vehicles based on the Minor II. These had a displacement increased to 750 cm³ ; Such a car with a 772 cc three-cylinder took part in the 24-hour race of Le Mans in 1949 under the name "Aero-Minor III ". The last of these "Spider" was built in 1955.
Car models
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All information for the basic version as a two-door sedan (Tudor)
- Jawa 700 (1934) - water-cooled in-line two-cylinder, 684 cm³, 15 kW, transversely behind the front wheel axle, three-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive, empty weight 720 kg, max. 80 km / h; modified license version DKW master class
- Jawa Minor I (1937–1939, 1945) - water-cooled in-line two-cylinder, 616 cm³, 15 kW, lengthways behind the front wheel axle, three-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive, empty weight 700 kg, max. 90 km / h
- Aero Minor II (1946–1951) - water-cooled in-line two-cylinder, 616 cm³, 15 kW, lengthways in front of the front wheel axle, four-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive, empty weight 700 kg, max. 90-100 km / h
- Aero Minor III (1951) - water-cooled in-line two-cylinder, 651 cm³, 17 kW, four-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive, max. 100 km / h. A prototype, probably intended for series production, which however was no longer realized due to the abrupt termination of the minor program in 1951.
present
At present (2005) a wide range of motorcycles in the displacement classes from 50 to 650 cm³ is offered. In addition to the in-house two-stroke engines, the machines are also equipped with four-stroke engines; these are Chinese replicas of the Honda engines from Jincheng Motors in Nanjing with 50 to 125 cm³ and the 650 single-cylinder from Rotax .
At times, Italian mini cars with a 500 cm³ diesel engine and a variator gearbox are also being completed by Jawa for the local market and supplied under their own brand.
The JAWA company currently sells models (2020): Jawa 350/640 - two-stroke engine Style / Military / Retro and four-stroke engine Jawa 350 OHC (complies with EURO IV standards).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ JAWA Moto Is Here With Their Latest Iterations Of The 350 And 660 Vintage
- ↑ kba.de FZ 17 (accessed on April 28, 2015)
- ^ The Jawa 350. In: Motor vehicle technology 10/1951, pp. 235–237.
- ↑ The new Jawa 500, a masterpiece of Czechoslovak motorcycle construction. In: Motor vehicle technology 4/1953, pp. 118–120.
- ↑ Improved two-wheelers from the ČSSR. In: Motor Vehicle Technology 3/1963, pp. 96–97.
- ↑ Briefly noted. In: Motor vehicle technology 12/1963, p. 475.
- ^ The Jawa 350. In: Motor vehicle technology 10/1951, pp. 235–237.
- ↑ The new Jawa 500, a masterpiece of Czechoslovak motorcycle construction. In: Motor vehicle technology 4/1953, pp. 118–120.
- ↑ New small Czechoslovak motorcycle. In: Motor vehicle technology 2/1955, pp. 61–63.
- ^ Motor vehicles at the Leipzig spring fair 1956. In: Motor vehicle technology 5/1956, p. 168.
- ↑ KFT 3/1957, p. 107.
- ↑ The CSSR moped Jawetta . In: Motor Vehicle Technology 12/1960, pp. 495–496.
- ↑ https://www.jawa-50.cz/clanek/jawa-50-typ-551-jawetta-standard-sport-informace-a-vyvoj-prototypy-export.html
- ↑ News from the Czechoslovak automotive industry in Brno. In: Motor Vehicle Technology 12/1963, pp. 458–459.
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