Johann Friedrich Eosander

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Johann Friedrich Eosander, copper engraving by Johann Georg Wolfgang after Antoine Pesne

Johann Friedrich Nilsson Eosander , since 1713 Freiherr Göthe , known as Eosander von Göthe (* ≈  23 August 1669 in Stralsund ; †  22 May 1728 in Dresden ) was a German builder of the Baroque era and an officer . His main works include the expansion of the Berlin Palace and the Charlottenburg Palace as well as the construction of Monbijou Palace and Übigau Palace .

life and work

Berlin Palace , view of the west facade with the Eosander portal
Charlottenburg Palace , view of the city facade
Monbijou Castle , view of the central building by Eosander
Übigau Castle , view of the garden facade

The parents Johann Friedrich Nilsson Eosander were the quartermaster general in Swedish-Western Pomerania Nils Israel Eosander, a Swede , and his wife Gertrud Warnecke († 1679 in Schleswig ), daughter of a Prussian official. When he entered the service of Duke Christian Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf in 1674, his father left the gallery of the Heilgeist Hospital and the Wrangel Palace in Stralsund . Nils Eosander then lived with his family in Kiel and Schleswig, followed the Duke into exile in Hamburg at times , until he was transferred to Riga in Sweden in 1683 .

There Johann Friedrich Eosander began training in fortress construction, became a Swedish lieutenant conductor in 1690 and took part in the campaigns against France. Stationed as an engineer lieutenant in the Swedish city of Szczecin , he built his first building in nearby Kabelwisch from 1694 to 1696 , a mansion for the governor Count Nils Bielke . Eosander went to Stockholm in 1697 , from where probably Nicodemus Tessin or Bielke presented him to the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich III in 1698 . recommended. This employed him in February 1699 as an engineer- captain and in the same year appointed him court architect.

The Elector of Brandenburg intended to become King in Prussia . He drew talented artists to his court in order to give his future royal residence Berlin the prestigious glamor it needed. He initially commissioned Eosander to renovate Oranienburg Castle . In 1700 he sent him on a study trip to Rome and Paris for several months . In addition to his work in Oranienburg Palace and Park, one of the tasks of the returnee was the design of the palace church in Königsberg for Frederick I's coronation ceremony in January 1701.

As a master builder, Eosander was working in Berlin at the same time as Andreas Schlueter , the leading architect in the baroque renovation of the Berlin Palace , and was therefore its competitor until Schlüter's dismissal. According to Eosander's plans, the baroque Charlottenburg Palace was expanded in Berlin , which he directed from 1701–1713. His late baroque style has certain affinities to that of Filippo Juvaras . Like him, Eosander has a tendency towards classicism and he renounces high baroque pathos. The interior decoration of Charlottenburg Palace, which was created under his direction, is evidence of Nordic severity. Eosander also designed the first Charlottenburg town hall and the small Monbijou palace north of what will later become the Museum Island .

After Sophie Charlotte's death in 1705, Frederick I commissioned him with a design for the newly founded city of Charlottenburg. In 1707 he took over from Schlüter as head of the city ​​palace construction in Berlin, where, however, he was not entirely free to complete Andreas Schlueter's work. The second castle courtyard was given a representative access from the west side (Portal III) at the Schloss Freiheit with the Eosander portal. Eosander took the triumphal arch of Septimius Severus in Rome as a model for the three-arched portal on which August Stüler and Albert Dietrich Schadow later built a dome . Eosander was also involved in the interior design of the Berlin Palace, where he designed the silver buffet in the knight's hall and the decoration of the picture gallery in Schlüterer's Lustgarten wing.

In 1713 he married Maria Charlotte Merian (1691–1753), a daughter of the Prussian secret chamber council and building accountant Carl Gustav Merian († 1707) and niece of the famous publisher Matthäus Merian the Younger . The couple had four or five children. After the death of King Frederick I in the same year, Eosander resigned from office, entered Swedish service and was in Stockholm by Charles XII. raised to Freiherr Göthe . In the Pomeranian campaign of 1715/1716 the Prussians besieged Stralsund. After the surrender of the Stralsund fortress , the major general was taken prisoner in Prussia in 1715. He was released on word of honor to Frankfurt am Main - his wife's hometown. There he led such a lavish life that even the Merian bookstore went bankrupt.

On the mediation of a Herr von Besser, Eosander went to Saxony in the service of Augustus the Strong . Between 1724 and 1726, north-west of Dresden , he built the baroque castle Übigau on the Elbe for Jakob Heinrich von Flemming . It is Eosander's last work before his death in Dresden in 1728.

Honors

Eosanderstraße and Eosanderplatz in Berlin's Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district are named after Johann Friedrich Eosander .

Portal III designed by him and the inner courtyard of the Berlin Palace behind it were later named Eosanderportal and Eosanderhof .

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Friedrich Eosander von Göthe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd11868499X.html#ndbcontent
personal data
SURNAME Eosander, Johann Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Göthe, Johann Friedrich Nilsson Eosander Freiherr von (full name); Göthe, Eosander von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish-German engineer and builder of the late baroque
DATE OF BIRTH baptized August 23, 1669
PLACE OF BIRTH Stralsund
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1728
Place of death Dresden