Johann Friedrich Heinrich Schlosser

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Johann Friedrich Heinrich Schlosser , also called Fritz Schlosser , (born December 30, 1780 in Frankfurt am Main , † January 22, 1851 ibid) was a lawyer , imperial councilor , writer , private scholar and privateer . In the course of secularization , during the era of Napoleonic rule, he acquired the Neuburg Monastery as a summer residence. The monastery remained in the family's possession for 100 years and during this time it was the place of important encounters between artists and scholars.

Monastery Stift Neuburg on the Neckar in Heidelberg Ziegelhausen located

Origin - family connections

Schlosser came from a respected Frankfurt Lutheran-Protestant pastor and lawyer family. His great-grandfather Heinrich Ludwig Schlosser was pastor at the Katharinenkirche in Frankfurt , his grandfather Erasmus Carl Schlosser (1696–1773), married to Susanne Maria Orth, lawyer, lay judge and twice senior mayor of the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt in 1757/58 and 1764/65 . Friedrich's father Hieronymus Peter Schlosser (1735–1797) and his younger brother Johann Georg Schlosser (1739–1799) were also lawyers and held high offices. Friedrich's uncle Johann Georg was first married to Cornelia Goethe (1750–1777), Johann Wolfgang Goethe's sister .

Professional path - philosophy - religion

Fritz was a student of the Municipal Gymnasium and studied from 1799 law , first in Halle an der Saale , later in Jena , where he personally Schiller and Goethe met. He did his doctorate in Göttingen. With Goethe he developed a lifelong friendship. Schlosser advised Goethe on legal issues relating to his Frankfurt citizenship and informed him in 1808 of the death of his mother, Catharina Elisabeth Goethe , whose inheritance he was managing.

In 1806 the new lord of the mediatized imperial city, Fürstprimas Dalberg , appointed him Princely Primatic City and District Judge and entrusted him with drafting a commercial code for the city of Frankfurt based on the model of the Imperial French Code de Commerce . In 1809 he married Sophie Charlotte du Fay (1786-1865), a daughter of the wealthy Frankfurt Huguenot family du Fay, whose niece later married into the Bernus family. In 1812 he became a high school councilor and director of the newly founded Lyceum Carolinum .

After the end of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , the Congress of Vienna restored the sovereignty of the Free City of Frankfurt . Schlosser attended the congress on behalf of a group of Frankfurt bankers and business people. In Vienna, under the influence of Klemens Maria Hofbauer (1761–1820), he turned to Catholicism and on December 21, 1814, like his brother Christian Friedrich Schlosser , converted to Catholicism with his wife Sophie Charlotte. With that he gave up all public offices in Frankfurt.

In mid-1815 he returned to Frankfurt and took part as a lawyer in the dispute over the future constitution of the Free City of Frankfurt. A draft constitution that Schlosser had worked on was not implemented. Instead, a modified version of the earlier imperial city constitution, the constitution supplement act , came into force in 1816 . Schlosser criticized the regulations made therein for the supervision of the city ​​senate over the churches of all denominations and stood up for the rights of the Catholic community. In 1819, as a friend of Freiherr vom Stein, he took part in the founding of the Society for Older German History in Frankfurt and in its most important project, the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . In 1823 he gave up his legal practice and retired into private life.

Patrons of the Arts - Library and Legacy

In the years 1834–1835 Fritz Schlosser toured Italy and has since promoted the art of the Nazarenes . Schlosser was fluent in several languages ​​and created numerous translations from Latin , French and Italian , including adaptations of sonnets . As a supporter of a conservative, ultramontane policy, he showed no sympathy for the German Revolution of 1848/1849 .

Before his death, he bequeathed his library of around 35,000 volumes to the Mainz seminary , which still maintains and preserves this cosmos of contemporary knowledge and art with valuable first editions, handwritten notes and letters in the Martinus Library in Mainz .

Neuburg Abbey

Literati - music lovers

Neuburg Abbey ; one of six contemporary lithographs from around 1830 by Ernst Fries

From then on Johann Friedrich Heinrich Schlosser lived as a literary collector and private scholar. In 1825 he acquired the secularized monastery of Stift Neuburg am Neckar near Heidelberg and converted the building into a meeting place for writers, musicians and art lovers. This became his outstanding life achievement. Among other things, he had Heinrich Hübsch redesign the monastery church in a neo-Gothic style. The conservatives disparagingly called Neuburg a “romantic cave”, the liberals spoke of the “ ultramontane ghost castle”. The first Goethe memorial was erected in the abbey church . Goethe's son and grandson came to Neuburg just as often and gladly as Goethe's former lover Marianne von Willemer or the ruling Baden Grand Duke Leopold von Baden . Only Goethe himself was never there.

Du Fay family / by Bernus

Schlosser's marriage had remained childless, which is why the Neuburg Abbey first passed to his wife Sophie Charlotte, née du Fay, and after her death in 1865 to her niece Marie du Fay and her husband Franz von Bernus .

Fonts

  • Main work: The Eastern Orthodox Church of Russia . Heidelberg 1845.
  • The Church in her songs through the centuries . 2 volumes. Mainz 1851-52. 2nd Edition; edited by EM Lieber. 1863.
  • Wanderfruits (transferred poetry), 4 volumes; edited by Sophie Schlosser. Mainz 1856–59.
  • Translation of Alessandro Manzoni's tragedy Adelgis , Heidelberg 1856 (reprint)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Jung: Schlosser: Friedrich (Fritz) Johann Heinrich S. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie , ed. from the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Volume 31 (1890), pp. 541-542
  2. Christoph Moufang Regens
  3. ^ Franziskus Heereman: Stift Neuburg ( Memento from August 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), in: Heidelberg. History and shape , ed. v. Elmar Mittler, Heidelberg, 1996. p. 238
  4. Elmar Mittler: Afterword , p. 208 in: Alexander von Bernus (Ed.): Great grandmothers cookbook (Insel-Taschenbuch 457), Frankfurt / Main: Insel, 1991.