Johann Joseph Kausch

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johann Joseph Kausch (born September 16, 1751 in Löwenberg (date of birth according to his autobiography), † March 10, 1825 in Liegnitz ) was a Silesian medic and writer .

Life

family

Johann Joseph Kausch was the son of the city ​​physician von Löwenberg in Silesia ; In 1756 the family moved to Breslau . His father died in 1794.

In 1776 he married Franziska († 1780), the daughter of the merchant Zerboni from Breslau, who died in childbed . In 1783 he married Therese (née Carove), a daughter from an old Italian merchant family in Breslau. Of his eleven children, only one son survived.

education

He attended the Jesuit School Leopoldina in Breslau and enrolled at the University of Halle in January 1773 , studied medicine and heard lectures from Adam Nietzki ; In 1773 he received his doctorate with his dissertation Diss. Inaug. de remediorum in humoribus nostris non sulubilium efficacia , most of which he had already completed in Breslau, for Dr. med. and then went on a two-year trip via Prague to Vienna in order to gain practical training. There he had the opportunity to gain experience in the clinical institution of Anton de Haen , as well as in the hospital of the Merciful Brothers of Joseph von Quarin and in the pelvic house of Heinrich Joseph Collin (1731–1784). In botany and chemistry , he was, together with Jan Ingenhousz of Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin taught. During his stay in Vienna he also met Empress Maria Theresa and asked to be vaccinated against the leaves ; the vaccination was carried out by Anton von Störck at the institute for the inoculation of human leaves in Hetzendorf .

Career

At the end of 1774 Kausch traveled back to Silesia through Moravia and initially set up a practice in Breslau. In 1776 he was appointed personal physician to Trachenberg at the court of Prince Franz Philipp Adrian Hatzfeld (1717–1779), and he was also appointed royal physician in the Militsch-Trachenberger district . After the death of the prince, whose wife died shortly afterwards, the guardian of the young prince, the Breslau canon , Baron Anton Ferdinand von Rothkirch and Panthen , decided that the position of personal physician was no longer needed.

He then moved to Militsch in 1780 , because the important landed gentry was located there, and shortly afterwards got the position of family doctor for Count von Burghauß in Sülau , at the same time he was given the opportunity to practice in neighboring Poland . The Prussian government entrusted him with the administration of the district physics department of the Groß-Trachenberg district.

At the beginning of 1806 he received the title of medical councilor and was only transferred to Liegnitz as a government and medical councilor after Kalisch , and after the establishment of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1809.

In 1807, in recognition of his work on the treatment of lazy fever , he was appointed third medical advisor to the royal Prussian provincial collegium medicum in Liegnitz, while maintaining his residence in Militsch.

In 1810, in view of his services to the medical police and Medicina Forensis, he was appointed to the real government medical council in Liegnitz.

In 1824 Johann Joseph Kausch was retired for health reasons with a pension of 950 thalers.

Detention

In 1791 he drafted a plan to publish news about Silesia, Bohemia and Poland, read everything that was accessible in literature and traveled from Silesia to Prague and from there to Dresden , only to return home. In this news he later reported on the educational institute for secular priests , the Alumnat, in Breslau and uncovered irregularities there and accused the head of exaggerated principles. This aimed at a fiscal process in which Johann Joseph Kausch defended himself, but got advice from the stepbrother of his first wife, the war councilor Joseph von Zerboni di Sposetti from Petrikau . However, due to the great distance, the advice could only be given by letter, so that Joseph von Zerboni di Sposetti's business trip was used for a joint meeting. Because the trip was to take place through Wartenberg , Johann Joseph Kausch arranged a meeting with Archpriest Libor in Wartenberg, whom he wrote to his brother-in-law as a bright head, quite on the right path, there we can freely and without you having to fear, that something should be known of your share , described. He wrote this comment because his brother-in-law, who was not allowed to practice law, expected hostility from other Catholics and problems with his superiors due to his membership of the Catholic Church, as a result of the fiscal lawsuit.

Because of insubordinate behavior, his brother-in-law was arrested in 1793 and his papers sealed; When the documents were later examined, it was found that his brother-in-law had tried to found a new secret society within Freemasonry . Further investigation also led to the discovery of the letter from Johann Joseph Kausch with the comment on the archpriest. This finding of the letter, in connection with the behavior of his brother-in-law, then led to the arrest of Johann Joseph Kausch on March 16, 1797; he was taken to the fortress Spandau . Although he was released from prison on April 21, 1797, he was exiled and was no longer allowed to enter Prussian territory. He then traveled to Leipzig and began to write his autobiography , in which he also described his arrest. After the biography was published, his innocence was recognized and King Friedrich Wilhelm III. called him back shortly after his accession to the throne and not only reinstated him in all old offices, but also granted him a lifelong annual pension of 150 Reichstalers .

Writing and medical work

Johann Joseph Kausch not only wrote various writings and treatises in the field of medicine, but also published writings on aesthetics , poetry and politics , so he also worked closely with the enlightened Moses Hirschel from the end of the 1780s to the mid-1790s .

While still in Vienna, he collected materials on various medicinal plants, including arnica and the monkshood . In Trachenberg he began to study psychology by studying French philosophers.

Through Johann Gottfried Herder's treatise on the origin of language , he came across the power of sound and its measure of time, and this is how Militsch wrote his treatise on the influence of sound and especially music on the soul .

In medicine, he mainly dealt with state medicine and published some articles in numerous journal articles and in contributions to the General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, edited by Johann Samuelansch and Johann Gottfried Gruber . He also published larger monographs ; Among the most important were the three-volume memorabilia on medicine, state medicine and animal medicine, and on the new theories of criminal law and judicial medicine, with suggestions for improving both disciplines. With an appendix on the practical worthlessness of all higher speculative theories .

Under the title Spirit and Criticism of the Medical and Surgical Journals of Teutschlands , he published a repertory of all medicine, of which 18 volumes were published between 1798 and 1806.

He also wrote many veterinary pamphlets , both in translation and in the original, particularly on anthrax .

Between this and his news about Silesia, Bohemia and Poland, several smaller writings appeared, mostly belletristic content and his cabal in community service , as well as his award paper on the training of surgeons for internal practice , which was awarded prizes in Erfurt , as well as the book About the Anthrax of cattle ; a treatise for which he received a price of 50 ducats from the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin .

His memorabilia , which were dedicated to public health and veterinary medicine, his letters to Christoph Girtanner and his journal Geist und Critique of the Medical and Surgical Journals in Germany , testify to his foresight, in which he knew how to appreciate his time and the future.

One of his last writings was on the new theories of criminal law and forensic medicine .

honors and awards

  • On the occasion of his 50th anniversary as a doctor on May 18, 1823, King Friedrich Wilhelm III awarded him. the Red Eagle Order 3rd class and received a cabinet letter in which he was given the highest recognition of his services and in which he received the assurance that after his death his wife and son would be looked after. He also received a precious candelabra as a gift of honor from Minister Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein and the members of the Ministry of Medical Affairs .
  • In 1814 he became a Knight of the Iron Cross with a White Ribbon .

Memberships

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Austrian magazine for practical medicine . Veit, 1861 ( google.de [accessed January 3, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Johann Adam Walther: The medical police in the Prussian states: a manual for police and medical officials, namely for doctors, surgeons, obstetricians and pharmacists: edited on the basis of the existing laws, edicts and ministerial rescripts . Basse, 1829 ( google.de [accessed January 4, 2020]).
  3. ↑ Kulturportal West Ost | It is also human in God's name. Retrieved January 3, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Josef Evelt: The court constitution and the civil process in Prussia according to their development periods and with regard to d. most recent laws of 17 and July 21, 1846 . Ritter, 1846 ( google.de [accessed January 3, 2020]).
  5. ^ National newspaper of the Germans: 1797 . Becker, 1797 ( google.de [accessed January 3, 2020]).
  6. ^ Moses Hirschel - Haskala in Biographien - haskala.net - University of Potsdam. Retrieved January 4, 2020 .
  7. ^ Ernst Julius Gurlt: On the history of the international and voluntary nursing care in the war . Vogel, 1873 ( google.de [accessed January 3, 2020]).
  8. ^ Members. Retrieved January 4, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Kausch, Johann Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kausch, JJ; Kausch, Johann Joseph von; Kausch, Jean Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Silesian medic and writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1751
PLACE OF BIRTH Löwenberg
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1825
Place of death Liegnitz