Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn

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Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn as a friend of Italian art

Imperial Count Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn (born April 22, 1736 in Hanover ; † October 10, 1811 ibid) was a field marshal from the Electorate of Hanover and an art collector .

Life

Johann Ludwig came as the illegitimate son of the British King George II (1683–1760) and his mistress Amalie Sophie von Wallmoden , born. von Wendt (1704–1765), later Countess of Yarmouth , to the world. His mother was married to Count Adam Gottlieb von Wallmoden (1704–1752), but for a payment of 1000 ducats , the latter was willing to set aside his claims. The marriage ended in divorce in 1740.

Parts of the reassembled art collection in the museum in Herrenhausen Palace in 2014 during the Lower Saxony State Exhibition When the Royals came from Hanover

After the death of Queen Caroline (1683–1737), then Prime Minister Robert Walpole pleaded for Amalie Sophie von Wallmoden to be brought from Hanover to England . She was supposed to take the place of the official mistress (French: maîtresse en titre ) for King George II. As a result, Johann Ludwig grew up in St James's Palace and Kensington Palace . As the illegitimate son of the king, the boy von Wallmoden received a comprehensive education, and after his training he went on a gentlemanly journey to Italy . In the course of this undertaking, under the expert guidance of the archaeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann, he acquired an extensive collection of antique marble statues , busts and reliefs as Cicerone . After his trip he entered the Hanoverian military service and rose to major general. In 1751 he became canon in Lübeck.

Detail from the painting “The conquest of Valencienne on July 28, 1793” by PI de Loutherbourg. Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn is depicted between the two English princes.

Around 1700, numerous country estates of the court nobility were established in the former floodplain of the Leine . In 1768 von Wallmoden acquired some of these gardens and combined them to form the Wallmodengarten . This later became the Georgengarten . In 1782 he had the Wallmoden-Palais built, which later housed his famous antique art collection.

Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn had already become a member of the Freemason Lodge Friedrich in Hanover and in 1763/1764 its master of the chair .

In addition to his inherited Heinde estate , von Wallmoden acquired the imperial rule of Gimborn in Westphalia from Prince Johann I zu Schwarzenberg in 1782 and was elevated to the rank of count by Emperor Joseph II on January 17, 1783 in Vienna under the name Wallmoden-Gimborn and with a corresponding improvement in the coat of arms . At the same time he gained a seat and vote in the Westphalian Imperial Counts College and thus the imperial estate .

Heinde manor near Hildesheim
Gimborn Castle , Bergisches Land
Wallmoden-Palais in the Georgengarten , Hanover

After the death of Count Philipp II zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1723–1787), Wallmoden-Gimborn became the guardian of the underage son and heir Georg Wilhelm (1784–1860) alongside the widow Princess Juliane von Hessen-Philippsthal .

From 1790 to 1811 Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn was an honorary member of the Prussian Academy of the Arts in Berlin .

1793–1795 he was subject to the French general Jean-Charles Pichegru in the Netherlands .

On July 5, 1803, signed by Wallmoden-Gimborn as commander of kurhannoverschen army the Convention of Artlenburg and surrendered with it to the invading Napoleonic troops. With the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the sovereign rule of Gimborn was assigned to the Grand Duchy of Berg through the Rheinbund acts , which Napoleon transferred to his brother-in-law Joachim Murat . Wallmoden's heirs sold the remote Gimborn Castle and the associated land in 1813 .

Johann Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden-Gimborn was buried in the family's hereditary funeral in Heinde near Hildesheim. His important collection of almost 600 paintings was auctioned in 1818 and scattered around the world. About 70 paintings came into the possession of the entrepreneur and politician Bernhard Hausmann . As part of the Lower Saxony State Exhibition 2014 on the 300th anniversary of the personal union between Great Britain and Hanover , a reconstruction of the former Wallmoden gallery with over 100 exhibits will be presented in Herrenhausen Palace under the title When the Royals from Hanover came . With loans from private and institutional collections in Europe and North America, the exhibition curated by the art historian Ralf Bormann from the Lower Saxony State Museum in Hanover brings together parts of the collection of antiques and paintings for the first time in 200 years.

After Johann Ludwig's death, King George IV acquired the antique sculpture collection, Wallmoden's book collection of over 8,000 volumes went to his great-nephew, Viceroy Adolf Heinrich, Duke of Cambridge as early as 1813 . The collection of antiquities is still in the possession of the Guelphs and has been on permanent loan to the Archaeological Institute of the University of Göttingen since 1979 .

family

In his first marriage, Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden married Charlotte Christiane Auguste Wilhelmine von Wangenheim (1740–1783) in Hanover on April 18, 1766 . The marriage had five children:

  • Ernst Georg August (1767–1792)
  • Ludwig Georg Thedel (1769–1862), Austrian general of the cavalry
  • Georgine Charlotte Auguste (1770-1859)
⚭ 1791 Baron Karl August von Liechtenstein (divorced 1795)
⚭ 1796 Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm Graf von Arnim -Zichow (1767–1812) (divorced 1806)
⚭ 1824 le Marchant de Charmont, Marquis le Marchant de Charmont

In his second marriage, von Wallmoden-Gimborn married Freiin Luise Christiane von Liechtenstein (1763-1809), daughter of Freiherr Friedrich Karl von Liechtenstein and Charlotte Ernestine von Berckefeld on August 3, 1788 in Bückeburg . The marriage had three children:

  • Karl August Ludwig (1792–1883), Austrian privy councilor and field marshal lieutenant ⚭ 1833 Countess Zoe von Grünne (daughter of Philipp Ferdinand ); with him, the count's line of Oberhaus Wallmoden expired .
  • Adolf Franz James Wilhelm (1794-1825)
  • Luise Henriette (1796–1851) ⚭ 1816 Karl Julius Heinrich Graf von Rottenhan (1791–1847)

See also

literature

  • Ralf Bormann: The art collection of the imperial count Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn. In: Katja Lembke (ed.), When the Royals came from Hanover. Hanover's ruler on England's throne 1714–1837 . Catalog for the Lower Saxony State Exhibition in the State Museum in Hanover and in the Herrenhausen Palace from May 17 to October 5, 2014, Dresden 2014, pp. 238–261
  • Ralf Bormann: The veiled picture. On the logic of copying in the collection of Count Wallmoden ( 1736–1811 ), in: Antonia Putzger, Marion Heisterberg, Susanne Müller-Bechtel (eds.), Nothing new. Perspectives on the faithful copy 1300–1900 , Berlin 2018, pp. 231–250
  • Ralf Bormann: Wallmoden's Collections at Hanover-Herrenhausen Depicted: Towards the Reconstruction of a Baroque aemulatio of the Uffizi. In: Andrea M. Gáldy, Sylvia Heudecker, Collecting Prints and Drawings , Newcastle 2018, pp. 172–189
  • Bernhard von Poten :  Wallmoden-Gimborn, Ludwig Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 756-761.
  • Wilhelm Rothert : General Hannoversche Biography , Volume 3: Hanover under the Kurhut 1646-1815 ; Hanover: Sponholtz, 1914 (in Gothic script ), p. 589
  • W. Gresky: The Imperial Count Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn and his little castle in the Georgengarten. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 36 (1982), pp. 251-279
  • Stefan Amt: On the planning history of the Wallmoden Castle. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 50 (1996), pp. 71–83
  • Klaus Mlynek : Wallmoden-Gimborn, Johann Ludwig Graf von. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 375; online through google books
  • Klaus Mlynek: Wallmoden-Gimborn, Johann Ludwig Graf von. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 654-655.

Web links

Commons : Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Freemasonry in the Orient in Hanover. Reminder sheets . Hanover 1859, p. 51.
  2. ^ Charles MacFarlane: The Cabinet History of England, Civil, Military and Ecclesiastical ; Volume 11, p. 204
  3. ↑ Ralf Bormann, The Art Collection of Count Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn. In: Katja Lembke (ed.), When the Royals came from Hanover. Hanover's ruler on England's throne 1714–1837 . Catalog for the Lower Saxony State Exhibition in the State Museum in Hanover and in the Herrenhausen Palace from May 17 to October 5, 2014, Dresden 2014, pp. 238–261.
  4. ^ Employee directory of the Lower Saxony State Museum Hanover ( Memento from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Göttinger Tageblatt of April 17, 2014.
  6. ↑ DIE WELT of May 17, 2014: "The sensation of the Lower Saxony State Exhibition 2014".
  7. ↑ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of May 16, 2014: “The secret highlight of the state exhibition”.
  8. ↑ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of February 27, 2014.
  9. ↑ The sculptures in the Wallmoden Collection. Göttingen 1979; Christof Boehringer: On the sculpture collection of Count Wallmoden. In: "Back to nature". Idea and history of the Georgengarten in Hannover-Herrenhausen. Göttingen 1997, pp. 59-64.
personal data
SURNAME Wallmoden-Gimborn, Johann Ludwig von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Major general and art collector
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1736
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1811
Place of death Hanover