Karl Fuchs (doctor)

Karl Friedrich Fuchs ( Lev Krjukow , 1828)

Karl Friedrich Fuchs ( Russian Карл Фёдорович Фукс * 17th September 1776 in Herborn , County of Nassau-Diez, † April 24 ^jul. / 6. May  1846 ^greg. In Kazan ) was a German - Russian doctor , botanist , anthropologist and university professor .

Life

Fuchs grew up in a family with 21 children and received his first lessons at home. His father Johann Friedrich Fuchs (1739-1832) was professor of theology and principal of the High School in Herborn , which his son joined in 1793 and where he attended medical lectures . This was followed by a two-year medical degree at the University of Göttingen . With a dissertation on the works of Andrea Cesalpino , he received his doctorate in medicine and surgery from the University of Marburg in 1798 . Then he opened a doctor's office .

In 1800 Fuchs became a regimental doctor in St. Petersburg . In addition to English , French and Italian , he had a good command of Russian . In 1801 he made a long trip to the Russian East and carried out natural history and especially botanical studies. After his return to St. Petersburg in the autumn of 1805, the Minister of Education Mikhail Nikititsch Murawjow appointed him, on the recommendation of a Göttingen scholar, as a professor of the history of natural history and botany at the new University of Kazan . Foreign professors who gave their lectures in German, French and Latin initially predominated there. Thanks to his knowledge of Russian, Fuchs had many students, especially since he translated the manual for the history of natural history by his Göttingen teacher Johann Friedrich Blumenbach into Russian. In addition to his lectures, he carried out excursions to collect plants and insects with his students, as his student Sergei Timofejewitsch Aksakow described. He also laid out a botanical garden at the university.

In 1812, Fuchs also opened a doctor's practice. Since the common people rejected drugs from pharmacies , he treated them with home remedies whenever possible . For this he had a large supply of medicinal plants , which his farmers' patients kept replenishing. He observed the health situation in the Volga region and regularly published notes on temperature , air pressure , winds , diseases, bird migration , occurrence of butterflies and vegetation in the Kazan newspaper. He also devoted himself to the ethnology , archeology and history of the Volga region and in particular observed the religious customs of the peoples of the Kazan Governorate . He got to know the Tatars particularly intensively because he was the only doctor who was allowed to treat Tatar women. He started collecting coins and manuscripts . There were also manuscripts from Old Believers and from Starez - Skiten . Christian Martin Joachim Frähn studied and organized the rapidly growing collection before he left Kazan. Count Michail Michailowitsch Speranski met Fuchs on his way through Kazan and was very impressed by his work.

When the local committee of the Imperial Philanthropic Society was founded in 1816, Fuchs chose it as its honorary curator. He paid 50 rubles a year into the fund and treated those in need free of charge. In 1818 he was accepted into the Simbirsk Masonic Lodge by Mikhail Petrovich Baratajew .

After the death of the first elected rector of the University of Kazan, Johann Baptist Braun , Fuchs received his chair for pathology and therapy in 1819 . In 1820 he was given lectures on anatomy , physiology and forensic medicine . During this time the University of Kazan ran into great difficulties, after the revision of the university in 1819 by the curator Mikhail Leontjewitsch Magnitsky until 1826 many professors were dismissed. 1820-1824 Fuchs was dean of the medical department of the medical faculty of the University of Kazan. In 1821 Fuchs married the poet Alexandra Andrejewna Apechtina , daughter of the landowner AI Apechtin in Cheboksary and niece of the poet Gavriil Petrovich Kamenew . With his wife he visited the Chuvash and Cheremiss villages for common ethnological studies. Fuchs also studied the Votjaks and Mordwinen on trips to his wife's aunt's country estate and on a visit to Chistopol . The house of the Fuchs family became a center of Kazan educated society. The guests included August Franz von Haxthausen , Matthias Alexander Castrén , Alexander von Humboldt and Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin , who were passing through .

In 1823, Fuchs was elected rector of the University of Kazan as the successor to Grigori Borissowitsch Nikolski . He immediately founded a university museum, to which he transferred his coin collection in 1823 (the coin collection came to St. Petersburg in 1850). In the same year he toured the Urals and studied minerals and the organization of mining . He campaigned for the study of occupational diseases of miners and for the improvement of the social situation of miners. In 1824 a house was built for the rector and in 1825 a new university building. In 1826 he brought the orientalist Alexander Kassimowitsch Kasembek to the university. In 1827, after Fuchs, his student Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky became rector of the university. In 1829 a significantly larger botanical garden was laid out on Lake Kaban, which is now the Kazan Zoo . During the first cholera - epidemic in 1830 treated Fuchs successfully the sick in Kazan and other cities of the Volga region and published his observations and treatments. Fuchs was a Councilor of State (5th class ). In 1833 he left the service.

Soon after the great fire in Kazan in 1842, Fuchs suffered his first stroke . In the spring of 1846 he fell seriously ill. His funeral procession was followed by a huge crowd, including many Tatars without their headgear.

1896 a decision of the Kazan were correspondingly city duma on the Lutheran part of Arskoje cemetery a grave monument to Fox placed on his grave and on the high bank of the Kazanka the Fuchsengarten created. The street at the German Lutheran St. Katharina Church was renamed Fuchsstraße by imperial order. The name Fuchs disappeared in Soviet times. Since 1996 there is again the Fuchs-Straße and the Fuchsgartenplatz with a fox monument by the sculptors Andrei Wladimirowitsch Balaschow and Igor Alexandrowitsch Koslow , which was inaugurated in the presence of the German ambassador Ernst-Jörg von Studnitz . In 1997 the house was declared a cultural monument of the Republic of Tatarstan by Professor Fuchs . It has had a Tatar-Russian-German plaque since 1996:

" Бу йортта 1812-1846 елларда Казан шәhәренең мактаулы кешесе, Казан университетының аткатитетының аткатитетының. Аткатитетының

В этом доме в 1812-1846 гг. жил заслуженный профессор Казанского университета, почетный гражданин Казани КАРЛ ФУКС

Here lived and worked from 1812-1846 KARL FUCHS Honored Professor of the Kazan University Ehrenburger of the city of Kazan "

The German Karl Fuchs Association of Kazan tries to save the house in need of renovation.

Honors, prizes

• Order of Saint Vladimir IV Class (1819)
• Order of Saint Anne II Class (1824)
• Diamonds for the Order of Saint Anne (1926)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bobrov JA : Пушкин и его современники . 3. Edition. Комиссия для издания сочинений Пушкина при Отделении русского языка и словесности Импераморскае, 190, p. 42 ( А. С. Пушкинъ въ Казани accessed April 23, 2018).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Let's save Karl-Fuchs-Haus (accessed April 24, 2018).
3. ↑ FUCHS, Karl - ФУКС, Карл Федорович - FUKS, Karl Fedorovič (accessed April 24, 2018).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Корсаков В., Корсаков Д .: Фукс, Карл Фёдорович . In: Русский биографический словарь . tape 21 , p. 243–249 ( [1] accessed April 23, 2018).
5. ↑ ^{a b} Фукс (Карл Федорович, 1776–1846) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXXVIa, 1902, pp. 863–864 ( [2] accessed April 23, 2018).
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Гомзаков О. А .: Человек, которого любили все … »( Заметки о Карле Фуксе, немецком враче, почетном гражданазне Кажданине Каражданазне) . In: Природа . No. 6 , 1999.
7. ↑ Adreas Caesalpinvs. De cvivs viri ingenio, doctrina, et virtvte… Marburg 1798 (digitized version )
8. ↑ Fuchs KF: Prodromus florae Rossicae Cisuralensis . 1805.
9. ↑ Аксаков C. Т .: Воспоминания . Moscow 1856.
10. ↑ Fuchs KF: Казанские татары, в статистическом и этнографическом отношениях. Сочинение действительного статского советника К. Фукса . Университетская типография, Kazan 1844.
11. ↑ Fuchs Theatrical Version : Казанские татары . Книга по Требованию, Moscow 2011, ISBN 978-5-458-14065-2 .
12. ^ Fuchs KF: Museum Orientale Fuchsianum, Casani . Kazan 1815.
13. ↑ Fuchs KF: Краткое описание российских монет . Университетская типография, Kazan 1819 ( [3] accessed April 24, 2018).
14. ↑ Korff MA : Жизнь графа Сперанского: в 2-х томах, Т. II . Императорская Публичная библиотека, St. Petersburg 1861, p. 190 .
15. ↑ Второв Н. И .: Описание литературных вечеров Фукса . In: Казанские губернские ведомости . No. 48 , 1844.
16. ↑ Fuchs KF: Замечания о холере, свирепствовавшей в городе Казани в течение сентября и октября месяцев 1830 . In: Казанский Вестник . April 1, 1830.