Karl of Culoz

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Karl Freiherr von Culoz

Karl Freiherr von Culoz (born December 24, 1785 in Hartberg , Styria , † November 11, 1862 in Venice ) was an Imperial and Royal Privy Councilor , Feldzeugmeister , Theresa Knight and owner of Infantry Regiment No. 31.

biography

Origin and family

Culoz came from an old noble Spanish family, from which a line went to Savoy , where the ancestral castle Culoz is located in the Ain department between Belley and Seyssel . A branch of this family was in imperial service in the Netherlands at the end of the seventeenth century .

His grandfather and then his father Christoph (* 1736 in Mori ; † June 28, 1803 in Karlsstadt ), a lieutenant colonel, had served with distinction in the imperial army for fifty years.

On June 17, 1817, Karl married Sophia von Pichl (* June 16, 1798, † 1864), with whom he had five children. His sons were Carl Hannibal († 1849), who died early as an imperial and royal captain of the consequences of the loss of a leg at the side of his father by a cannonball at the Battle of Novara , and Arthur Aloys Caesar (born December 18, 1827 in Graz ), 1867 kk Council Secretary at the Venice Regional Court. One daughter, Ida Maria Regina (born October 24, 1818 in Graz), was the lady of honor of the free world noble women's monastery in Brno . She became known as a painter and writer under the pseudonym Ida von Claudis and Z. von Claudius.

The sex is extinct in the male line.

Military career

Early years

Naples 1835

Age of fourteen Carl began - in the same Infantry Regiment (Count Strassoldo no. 27), where his father had served - his military career as a cadet and remained a member of the same until his promotion to Major Anno 1828. That same year cadet become, he made as such as the 1799 and 1800 campaigns with the army in Italy and was wounded at Chiavasso . Promoted to second lieutenant in 1805 , he fought in the campaign of that year in South Tyrol , in 1809 as first lieutenant in Italy, where he was wounded again at Fontana Fredda . Wounded again in the campaign from 1813 to 1814 near Krainburg , as a result of his exemplary behavior he was promoted to captain in addition to the rank tour and, as such, took part in the campaign against Naples in 1821.

In December 1828, in addition to the tour to major in the Kaiser No. 1 infantry regiment, and on February 15, 1834 to lieutenant colonel in the Freiherr von Lattermann 7 infantry regiment . As early as September 1, 1835, in addition to the rank tour, he was promoted to colonel and commander of this infantry regiment, and on December 5, 1840 (diploma from April 1, 1842 in Vienna) he was knighted.

As a general in Italy

Historic center of Brendola today
Siege of Villafranca 1859
Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order

On April 21, 1843 appointed major general, Culoz received a brigade in the army in Italy and in March 1848 a troop division in the reserve corps of Feldzeugmeister Count Nugent . After the unification of this corps with the army in Verona , he received instructions on June 6th of that year to move to San Bonifacio with 5½ battalions, a division of Chevaulegers and two batteries and on the 10th of the month from Brendola or Altavilla from the heights to win above Vicenza at Monte della Madonna . The general sent his advance guard to Tavernelle on June 8th and instructed them, detached independently, to remain on the main road towards Vicenza, to await the attack from the heights against the city on the 10th, but then to intervene in the battle. On the 9th he set out on his own march to Brendola and, after overcoming difficult terrain, arrived at Arcugnano at night , where he had a masked camp and outposts set up. Before daybreak, Culoz dispatched three divisions to take the present mountain range from San Margherita, from there to bombard Castell Rombaldo, which was heavily occupied by insurgents ( Crociati ) and Swiss, and then to take it, which he succeeded in doing. Reinforced by Field Marshal Count Radetzky , he was given the task of taking Vicenza and holding further attacks until the Clam Brigade, which was connected to him on the right, had started the bombardment. Culoz used this pause in the fighting to reconstruct the enemy position. He realized that it would only be possible to take the latter with little loss if the enemy were induced to attack the imperial troops. This would make it possible to throw the main body at the enemy and in this way to storm their positions as well as the other fortified parts of them. This caused him to still keep his infantry masked. After Clam's brigade had proceeded to the general attack, the battery suitably positioned by Culoz began to fire, and the action developed along the entire line. A column of Swiss people tried to bypass Culoz's left wing and bravely moved against the battery that was set up in the street. Thereupon the officer put the previously hidden main body into action and pushed the enemy back into his position. The general threw three companies against the Swiss and sent an infantry division to support the hunters, who, without waiting for further orders, drove the Swiss back and chased them into the entrenchments. Without ceasing, he let his troops advance rapidly so that the enemy was no longer able to secure his well-fortified center around the Church of the Madonna. Despite bitter resistance, the troops managed to penetrate into the first houses in the suburb. The victory was won. The capture of Vicenza would have been questionable if Culoz had not climbed the Colli Berici of Brendola until June 10th .

For the prudent deed of arms near Vicenza, he was promoted to Lieutenant Field Marshal on July 18, 1848 , and received the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order in his doctorate in 1849. As a result, Emperor Franz Joseph I awarded him the status of baron in accordance with the statutes on January 14, 1850 (diploma from May 16 of that year). He was also decorated with the Military Merit Cross .

For a while, the field marshal lieutenant commanded the 7th Army Corps, which was concentrated near Legnago , and also took part in the fighting near Milan after the armistice was terminated by Piedmont , for which he was honored with the Commander's Cross of the Austrian-Imperial Order of Leopold . On October 18, 1849, Culoz became the owner of Infantry Regiment No. 31 and, when the army was redistributed in November of the same year, received a troop division command with the 8th Army Corps outsourced in Verona .

From 1852 Culoz was the fortress commander of Mantua and at this post he participated in the war against France and Italy in 1859.

epilogue

Affected by almost sudden blindness in both eyes, Culot asked for retirement after almost 62 years of service. The emperor granted him this and at the same time was promoted to Feldzeugmeister ad honores and was honored with the Order of the Iron Crown, 1st class on May 1, 1860.

Incidentally, his death was already reported in the military newspaper as October 27, 1862, but was revoked in the next issue. When the aged general found out about that premature news of his death in the journals, he dressed in the general's uniform and took a gondola to the military main guard, where he called the guard commander and told him to report in the early report that Feldzeugmeister Baron Culoz was alive and personally had appeared at the main guard. Just a few days later, the same officer reported in the early report that Culoz had died.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Barons of Culoz 1850

1850: Squared shield. 1 and 4 in blue an upright, right-turned and double-tailed golden lion, which holds up a shiny sword on a golden vessel in each front paw. 2 and 3 in silver on a green ground a seated, inward-facing natural monkey, which also holds up a shiny sword on a golden vessel with its forefoot. Barons crown and two crowned helmets. The lion grows out of the one on the right with a blue and gold cover, and on the left with a blue and silver cover sits the shield's monkey, both facing inwards. The motto: Fortitudine et fidelitate spreads out on a blue ribbon in lapidary writing under the sign . The knight's coat of arms is the same as the baronial one, only without the baron's crown. The depiction of helmets and jewels is missing from the illustration of Tyroff.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 2, Verlag TO Weigel, Leipzig 1860/61, p. 376.
  2. ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 3rd part, printing and publishing of the typogr.-literar.-artist. Establishment, Vienna 1858, p. 73.
  3. ^ Eduard Maria Oettinger, Karl August Kesselmeyer: Moniteur des Dates. Volume 1, self-published, Dresden 1866, p. 205.
  4. ↑ http://www.zeno.org/Pataky-1898/M/Einf%C3%BChrung/Ververzeichnis+der+Pseudonyms
  5. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of baronial houses for the year 1867. 17th year, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1867, p. 150.
  6. ↑ http://www.schlossarchiv.de/herren/c/CS/Culoz.htm
  7. ↑ a b Charles of Blažeković: Chronicle of kk 31 Line Infantry Regiment, currently: Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1867, p. 589 ff.
  8. ↑ Valentin von Streffleur (Ed.): Austrian military magazine. VII. Vol., 2nd issue, printed by Anton Strauss's blessed widow, Vienna 1834, p. 224.
  9. ↑ The Wanderer. No. 285 of October 12, 1835, p. 2.
  10. ↑ Austrian observer. No. 99 of April 9, 1842, p. 392.
  11. ↑ Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The military Maria Theresa order and its members. Verlag der Buchhandlung für Militaryliteratur Karl Prohaska, Vienna 1857, p. 1544 ff.
  12. ^ Constant von Wurzbach : Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 11th part, KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1864, p. 384.
  13. ↑ Joseph Strack: The Generals of the Austrian Army: according to Imperial and Royal Field Acts and other printed sources. Printed by and published by Joseph Keck & Sohn, Vienna 1850, p. 485.
  14. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1863. 13th year, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1863, p. 125f.
  15. ^ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk generality 1816-1918. Austrian State Archives, 1907, p. 30.
  16. ^ Wiener Zeitung. No. 261 of November 12, 1862.
  17. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year. Volume 9, Justus Perthes Verlag, Gotha 1859, p. 127.
personal data
SURNAME Culoz, Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Culoz, Karl Freiherr von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Feldzeugmeister and Theresa Knight
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Hartberg
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1862
Place of death Venice