Kaulla (entrepreneurial family)
The Kaulla family was a German- Jewish family of court factors and bankers. Her ancestral mother was Karoline Kaulla , nee Raphael (1739-1809). She was best known under the name "Madame Kaulla", where "Kaulla" was the German version of her Jewish first name "Chaile". Karoline Kaulla was one of the greatest court factors in her time and was considered the richest woman in the German Empire . Even in contemporary perception, Karoline Kaulla was so successful and respected that her brothers and children also adopted her first name as a family name.
In 1802 Karoline Kaulla and her younger brother Jacob Raphael Kaulla founded the first banking house in Stuttgart, “M. & J. Kaulla ". The "M" stood for "Madame". Duke (from 1806 king) Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Württemberg took a 50% share in the bank's start-up capital of 150,000 thalers . The task of this court bank was not only to handle royal financial transactions, but also to grant loans for business start-ups. Renamed in 1805 to “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank”, this institute remained a semi-state private bank with the king's involvement. This bank was run by members of the Kaulla family until 1915. It was taken over by the Württembergische Vereinsbank in 1922 and merged with the Deutsche Bank in 1924 .
No fewer than five members of the Kaulla family, all of whom were Jewish, received the Württemberg staff nobility in the course of the 19th century because of their services to the Kingdom of Württemberg , including three of the four members of the Kaulla family who acted as directors of the Königlich Württembergische Hofbank. But only one member of the Kaulla family, Joseph Wolf Kaulla (von Kaulla since 1841), received the hereditary nobility , not in Württemberg, but in the neighboring Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen .
Although some members of the Kaulla family lived in Berlin , Darmstadt , London , Milan , Munich , Strasbourg and Vienna , most of the family members remained connected to Stuttgart and the Kingdom of Württemberg .
Family tree (simplified)
- Isak Raphael, court factor in Buchau , Haigerloch and Hechingen , married to Rebekka Wassermann (? –1797)
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Karoline Kaulla (called “Madam Kaulla”, 1739–1809), court factor in Hechingen , co-owner of the wholesale house “Kaulla & Cie.” And co-founder of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart , married in 1857 to the scholar Akiba (Liefe) Auerbach (1733 –1812), founder a. a. a home for homeless Jews, a Talmud school and a library for the Jewish community in Hechingen
- Mayer Kaulla (1757–1823), court agent and banker in Hechingen, later Stuttgart
- Salomon Mayer Kaulla (1789–1864), banker and head of the Jewish community in Stuttgart
- Max Kaulla (1829–1906), Dr. jur. , Lawyer and board member of the Jewish community in Stuttgart, married to Jeanette Goldschmidt
- Lucie Lea Kaulla (1864-1955), married to Georges (Gabriel) Siegmund Warburg (1871-1923), member of the German-Jewish banking family Warburg , co-owner of the Hamburg banking house MM Warburg & Co . and owner of the Uhenfels manor near Bad Urach , parents of Sir Siegmund George Warburg (1902–1982), banker, founder of the British investment bank " SG Warburg & Co. "
- Rudolf Benedikt Kaulla (1872–1954), Dr. jur. u. Dr. oec. publ. , Professor of economics and finance at the TH Stuttgart (until 1934) and co-owner of the bank Jacob SH Stern in Frankfurt / Main
- Albert von Kaulla (1833–1899), since 1887 director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, secret councilor and British consul in Stuttgart, in 1892 conferred the Württemberg staff nobility
- Otto Kaulla (1866–1955), district judge in Heilbronn
- Elsbeth Kaulla (1902–1993), married to Fritz Ernst Oppenheimer (1898–1968), Dr. jur. , Lawyer in Berlin and London , legal advisor to the US State Department
- Otto Kaulla (1866–1955), district judge in Heilbronn
- Max Kaulla (1829–1906), Dr. jur. , Lawyer and board member of the Jewish community in Stuttgart, married to Jeanette Goldschmidt
- Raphael Mayer Kaulla (1803–1871), kk private wholesaler, authorized signatory and partner of the company “ML Biedermann & Comp.” In Vienna , married to Betty (Babette) Biedermann (1805–1855), daughter of Michael Lazar Biedermann (1769–1843 ), Wholesaler, royal court jeweler, banker and manufacturer
- Salomon Mayer Kaulla (1789–1864), banker and head of the Jewish community in Stuttgart
- Wolf von Kaulla (1758–1841), imperial councilor and Württemberg court banker, 1814 awarded the Württemberg nobility ,
- Joseph Wolf von Kaulla (1805–1876), banker and wholesaler in Stuttgart and Munich , 1841 hereditary nobility of the principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen , owner of the Illereichen manor
- Theodor von Kaulla (1833–1900), Imperial and Royal Austrian Rittmeister , baptized Protestant , until 1884 owner of the Illereichen manor
- Erwin Theodor von Kaulla (1877–1956), married to Toska von Bake (1884–1970), a daughter of the Prussian civil servant Alfred von Bake (1854–1934)
- Guido von Kaulla (1909–1991), actor, book and screenwriter
- Lucie von Kaulla (1840–1891?), Lover of the French Général de division and statesman Ernest Courtot de Cissey (1810–1882) and allegedly a spy for the German Empire
- Erwin Theodor von Kaulla (1877–1956), married to Toska von Bake (1884–1970), a daughter of the Prussian civil servant Alfred von Bake (1854–1934)
- Theodor von Kaulla (1833–1900), Imperial and Royal Austrian Rittmeister , baptized Protestant , until 1884 owner of the Illereichen manor
- Friedrich Salomon Kaulla (1807-1895), a. a. Knight of the Royal Württemberg Crown Order , owner of the " Oberdischingen Manor " since 1851 .
- Joseph Wolf von Kaulla (1805–1876), banker and wholesaler in Stuttgart and Munich , 1841 hereditary nobility of the principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen , owner of the Illereichen manor
- Raphael Kaulla (1763–1828), royal Württemberg and Bavarian court banker, court agent in Munich
- Nanette Kaulla (1812–1876), her picture is part of the “ Beauty Gallery ” of King Ludwig I , married to Salomon Joseph Heine (1803–1863), banker in Hamburg , later a merchant in Munich
- Mayer Kaulla (1757–1823), court agent and banker in Hechingen, later Stuttgart
- Jacob Raphael Kaulla (1750–1810), co-founder of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart , imperial court factor and Württemberg court banker, married to his niece Michel Kaulla (1761–1822), daughter of Jacob Raphael Kaulla's sister Karoline Kaulla
- Henriette Kaulla (1786–1812), married to Marx b. Ezekiel Pfeiffer (1786–1842), Württemberg court advisor and banker in Stuttgart
- Salomon Jakob Kaulla (1795–1881), royal Württemberg and royal Bavarian court agent, court banker in Stuttgart, co-founder of the first synagogue in Stuttgart in
1825
- Maximilian Salomon Kaulla (1816–82), banker in Stuttgart, then in Milan
- Hirsch Raphael Kaulla (1756–1798), court agent and trader in Darmstadt
- Nathan Wolf Kaulla (1785–1838), court banker and partner in the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, court factor, royal Württemberg councilor , 1825 co-founder of the first synagogue in Stuttgart
- Leopold von Kaulla (1813–1886), lawyer and senior tribunal procurator, partner and since 1872 director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, secret councilor, 1878 conferred the Württemberg staff nobility
- Eduard Kaulla (1858–1915), director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart since 1899
- Edith Alice Sybille Kaulla (1890–1931), married to Oskar Adolf von Rosenberg (1878–1939), parents of Alexis von Rosenberg, Baron de Redé (1922–2004)
- Eduard Kaulla (1858–1915), director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart since 1899
- Rudolf (Raphael) von Kaulla (1814–72), partner and since 1857 director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, secret councilor, 1852 conferred the Württemberg staff nobility
- Hannchen (Johanna) Kaulla (1820–1894), married to Joseph Carl Theodor Wolfskehl , banker in Darmstadt
- Leopold von Kaulla (1813–1886), lawyer and senior tribunal procurator, partner and since 1872 director of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, secret councilor, 1878 conferred the Württemberg staff nobility
- Bonem (Benjamin) Kaulla, wax light manufacturer in Bessungen near Darmstadt
- Georges Hermann Kaulla (1858–1915), Dr. med. , Doctor in Strasbourg in Alsace , married to Clarisse Pfeiffer (1826–1889), daughter of the banker Marx Mordechai Pfeiffer (1786–1842), sister of the Stuttgart philanthropist and Privy Councilor Ernst Ezechiel Pfeiffer (1831–1904) and the banker and social reformer Eduard Pfeiffer (1835-1921)
- Alfred Lucien von Kaulla (1852–1924), director of the “Württembergische Vereinsbank” in Stuttgart, gave the decisive impetus for the establishment of the “ Anatolische Eisenbahngesellschaft ”, which was awarded the Württemberg nobility in 1893
- Georges Hermann Kaulla (1858–1915), Dr. med. , Doctor in Strasbourg in Alsace , married to Clarisse Pfeiffer (1826–1889), daughter of the banker Marx Mordechai Pfeiffer (1786–1842), sister of the Stuttgart philanthropist and Privy Councilor Ernst Ezechiel Pfeiffer (1831–1904) and the banker and social reformer Eduard Pfeiffer (1835-1921)
- Salomon Hirsch Kaulla (1792–1858), merchant in Munich
- Hermann Hirsch Kaulla (1821–1876), banker in Munich, married to the singer and singing teacher Emilie Isabella Kaulla (1833–1912), sister of the literature lecturer, critic and writer Anna Ettlinger (1841–1934)
- Nathan Wolf Kaulla (1785–1838), court banker and partner in the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart, court factor, royal Württemberg councilor , 1825 co-founder of the first synagogue in Stuttgart
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Karoline Kaulla (called “Madam Kaulla”, 1739–1809), court factor in Hechingen , co-owner of the wholesale house “Kaulla & Cie.” And co-founder of the “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank” in Stuttgart , married in 1857 to the scholar Akiba (Liefe) Auerbach (1733 –1812), founder a. a. a home for homeless Jews, a Talmud school and a library for the Jewish community in Hechingen
References and comments
- ^ Gaugusch, Georg: "Who once was", Volume AK, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Wie 2011, p. 1374, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2
- ↑ Hans-Ulrich Fehler: "Deutsche Gesellschaftgeschichte 1815-1845 / 49", 4th edition, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1905, p. 108, ISBN 3-406-32490-8
- ^ Rudolf Lenz: Kaulla, Chaile, nee Raphael . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), pp. 360–362 [online version]; URL: http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd132530244.html (accessed on January 19, 2016).
- ^ Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 100, ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7
- ^ Lenz, Rudolf, "Kaulla" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), p. 359 (online version)
- ^ Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 98, ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7
- ↑ Georg Gaugusch: “Who once was - The Jewish upper middle class Vienna 1800 - 1938 - AK”, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Vienna 2011, p. 1374, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2
literature
- Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, pp. 98-103, 184 and 325ff., ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7 ;
- Gaugusch, Georg: “Who once was”, Volume A – K, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Wie 2011, pp. 1374–1390, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2 ;
- Schnee, Heinrich: "The court finance and the modern state IV", Duncker & Humblot publishing house, Berlin 1963, pp. 148–178, ISBN 978-3-428-01348-7 .