Kaulla (entrepreneurial family)

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Johann Baptist Seele : Madame Kaulla (no year)
Grave monument of Karoline Kaulla, her husband Akiba (Liefe) Auerbach and their younger brother Jacob Raphael Kaulla in the Jewish cemetery in Hechingen
Drawing by Rudolf Kaulla
Nanette Kaulla (17 years old), painted by Joseph Karl Stieler in 1829 for the Schönheitengalerie in Munich

The Kaulla family was a German- Jewish family of court factors and bankers. Her ancestral mother was Karoline Kaulla , nee Raphael (1739-1809). She was best known under the name "Madame Kaulla", where "Kaulla" was the German version of her Jewish first name "Chaile". Karoline Kaulla was one of the greatest court factors in her time and was considered the richest woman in the German Empire . Even in contemporary perception, Karoline Kaulla was so successful and respected that her brothers and children also adopted her first name as a family name.

In 1802 Karoline Kaulla and her younger brother Jacob Raphael Kaulla founded the first banking house in Stuttgart, “M. & J. Kaulla ". The "M" stood for "Madame". Duke (from 1806 king) Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Württemberg took a 50% share in the bank's start-up capital of 150,000 thalers . The task of this court bank was not only to handle royal financial transactions, but also to grant loans for business start-ups. Renamed in 1805 to “Königlich Württembergische Hofbank”, this institute remained a semi-state private bank with the king's involvement. This bank was run by members of the Kaulla family until 1915. It was taken over by the Württembergische Vereinsbank in 1922 and merged with the Deutsche Bank in 1924 .

No fewer than five members of the Kaulla family, all of whom were Jewish, received the Württemberg staff nobility in the course of the 19th century because of their services to the Kingdom of Württemberg , including three of the four members of the Kaulla family who acted as directors of the Königlich Württembergische Hofbank. But only one member of the Kaulla family, Joseph Wolf Kaulla (von Kaulla since 1841), received the hereditary nobility , not in Württemberg, but in the neighboring Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen .

Although some members of the Kaulla family lived in Berlin , Darmstadt , London , Milan , Munich , Strasbourg and Vienna , most of the family members remained connected to Stuttgart and the Kingdom of Württemberg .

Family tree (simplified)

References and comments

  1. ^ Gaugusch, Georg: "Who once was", Volume AK, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Wie 2011, p. 1374, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2
  2. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Fehler: "Deutsche Gesellschaftgeschichte 1815-1845 / 49", 4th edition, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1905, p. 108, ISBN 3-406-32490-8
  3. ^ Rudolf Lenz: Kaulla, Chaile, nee Raphael . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), pp. 360–362 [online version]; URL: http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd132530244.html (accessed on January 19, 2016).
  4. ^ Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 100, ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7
  5. ^ Lenz, Rudolf, "Kaulla" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), p. 359 (online version)
  6. ^ Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 98, ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7
  7. ↑ Georg Gaugusch: “Who once was - The Jewish upper middle class Vienna 1800 - 1938 - AK”, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Vienna 2011, p. 1374, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2

literature

  • Kai Drewes: “Jüdischer Adel - Nobilitierungen von Juden in Europa des 19. Century”, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, pp. 98-103, 184 and 325ff., ISBN 978-3-593-39775-7 ;
  • Gaugusch, Georg: “Who once was”, Volume A – K, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Wie 2011, pp. 1374–1390, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2 ;
  • Schnee, Heinrich: "The court finance and the modern state IV", Duncker & Humblot publishing house, Berlin 1963, pp. 148–178, ISBN 978-3-428-01348-7 .

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