Klein-Gerau
Klein-Gerau
District of Büttelborn
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Coordinates: 49 ° 55 ′ 5 ″ N , 8 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ E | |
Height : | 91 m above sea level NHN |
Area : | 5.93 km² |
Residents : | 3849 (December 31, 2011) |
Population density : | 649 inhabitants / km² |
Incorporation : | January 1, 1977 |
Postal code : | 64572 |
Area code : | 06152 |
Klein-Gerau (dialect: Kloa-Gere ) is a district of the municipality of Büttelborn in the Groß-Gerau district in southern Hesse .
geography
Klein-Gerau is located in the western lower valley in the so-called Hegbach-Apfelbach-Grund and is still characterized today by its predominantly rural character. Due to the spatial distance and structural separation from the other parts of the municipality of Büttelborn, Klein-Gerau gives the impression of a certain independence. The place is located within the Rhine-Main conurbation and is characterized by good transport connections. In addition to the Rhein-Main-Bahn with the Klein-Gerau train station (in the direction of Mainz , Wiesbaden and Darmstadt ), this also includes the A 67 south-west of the town, including junction (5) Büttelborn . Furthermore, the expansion of Frankfurt Airport between 1981 and 1984 ( runway west ) led to aircraft noise pollution in the area. The main departure route of the runway runs almost directly across the town.
history
Klein-Gerau was first mentioned in 1246 as villa Weneghgerahe . Further mentions follow under the place names parvum Gerahe 1280, Wenigen Gera 1318, Gera minor and Clein Gerau 1355, Cleynen Gerauwe 1383 and Wenigen Gerauw 1391. It belonged to the Mark Gerau and the lords of Dornberg had the village as a fief . Its residents were largely dependent on their landlord. Grain cultivation and cattle breeding were in the foreground and the forests north of the Mühlbach served as pastures. The two mills, of which the Eichmühle still exists today, are mentioned as early as 1303 in the documents.
The end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern era were very restless. In 1342, for example, the village was drawn into the conflict between Katzenelnbogen and Kurmainz and sacked. According to the damage register, Klein-Gerau was badly damaged at the time. In 1395 another appraisal was made by the Hanau residents. At that time, most of the population was still serfs , as documents show. The village lay between two courtyards, the older one in the area of today's town hall and the younger one at the confluence of today's Bahnhofstrasse with the main street. There was also a small cemetery and the St. Wendelin chapel. The Schmalkaldic War led to the destruction of that chapel and the entire village by the people of General von Bueren.
The character of the village had n't changed much until the Thirty Years War . Klein-Gerau had 150 inhabitants when military leader Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld visited the Gerau region for some time in 1622 . Then came the Swedes under Gustav II Adolf and in their wake the plague , so that it took more than 50 years for the village to recover from the consequences of the war.
From 1700 the population increase led to clearing north of the Mühlbach , which was not finally stopped until the 20th century. The town hall was built in 1729 and a new schoolhouse was built in 1753, today's Protestant church.
Klein-Gerau now belongs to Hesse and is administered by the Rüsselheim Office until 1820 , which has belonged to the Starkenburg Province of the Grand Duchy of Hesse since 1806 , which was founded under Napoleon's pressure . Thereafter it is administered by the Dornberg District District , which was created by the administrative reform in 1821.
The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Klein-Gerau in 1829:
»Kleingerau (L. Bez. Dornberg) Lutheran Filialdorf; is 3 ⁄ 4 St. from Dornberg and 1 ⁄ 2 St. from Großgerau, and has 76 houses and 461 inhabitants, who are Lutheran apart from 2 Cath. and 27 Jews. This village, formerly called Wenigengerau , belonged to the Counts of Katzenellenbogen; and when they mutscharte their land in 1318, Count Berthold II received it for his share. "
1832 Province Starkenburg is then in circles divided and small-Gerau is the district of Gross-Gerau allocated. Membership in this district was only interrupted between 1848 and 1852 when the Starkenburg province was administered by administrative districts and Büttelborn was part of the Darmstadt administrative district. The competent jurisdiction was during the affiliation to Hesse, from 1821 to 1879 the district court Großgerau and since 1879 the district court Groß-Gerau that emerged from it .
The construction of the Rhein-Main-Bahn between Darmstadt and Mainz improved the tense situation in the village considerably from 1858. (The current station building of the station dates from around 1955.) Now jobs were available in the surrounding towns and the sale of agricultural products on the markets of the neighboring towns improved the income of broader sections of the population. In particular, the fruit growing established by the local teacher Berz brought modest prosperity between 1850 and 1950. Asparagus cultivation also began in Klein-Gerau for the surrounding region. This saved the village and its population from the worst hardships during the industrial revolution .
On the night of April 17th to 18th, 1932, a fire broke out in the town hall, with the entire attic, parts of the upper floor and the clockwork of the bell tower and bell being destroyed. The town hall is then rebuilt in the same year and placed under monument protection.
In the second half of the 20th century, part-time farming came more and more to the fore and from this restructuring, Klein-Gerau emerged as a rural residential community.
On January 1, 1977, the previously independent community of Klein-Gerau was merged with the neighboring communities of Büttelborn and Worfelden as part of the regional reform in Hesse . Since then, Klein-Gerau has been one of three parts of the new municipality of Büttelborn . In the summer of 1996, the 750th local jubilee u. a. celebrated with a big street party around the renovated historic town hall.
Territorial history and administration
The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Klein-Gerau was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:
- before 1479: Holy Roman Empire , County Katzenelnbogen , Upper County Katzenelnbogen , Amt Dornberg
- from 1479: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate of Hesse , Upper County of Katzenelnbogen, Office of Rüsselsheim
- from 1567: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , Upper County of Katzenelnbogen, Office of Rüsselsheim
- from 1803: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt, Principality of Starkenburg , Rüsselsheim Office
- from 1806: Grand Duchy of Hesse , Principality of Starkenburg, Rüsselsheim Office
- from 1815: German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg , Rüsselsheim Office
- from 1821: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Dornberg District District (separation between justice ( Groß-Gerau District Court ) and administration)
- from 1832: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Groß-Gerau
- from 1848: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Darmstadt administrative district
- from 1852: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Groß-Gerau
- from 1866: Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1871: German Empire , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1918: German Empire, People's State of Hesse , Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1938: German Empire, People's State of Hesse, Groß-Gerau district (In the course of the regional reform in 1938 , the three Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse are dissolved.)
- from 1945: American occupation zone , Greater Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Gross-Gerau district
- from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Darmstadt district, Groß-Gerau district
- since January 1, 1977: Merged with Büttelborn and Worfelden to form the municipality of Büttelborn .
Population development
• 1629: | 33 house seats |
• 1791: | 336 inhabitants |
• 1800: | 348 inhabitants |
• 1806: | 420 inhabitants, 73 houses |
• 1829: | 461 inhabitants, 76 houses |
• 1867: | 536 inhabitants, 94 houses |
Klein-Gerau: Population from 1791 to 2011 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
year | Residents | |||
1791 | 336 | |||
1800 | 348 | |||
1806 | 420 | |||
1829 | 461 | |||
1834 | 461 | |||
1840 | 480 | |||
1846 | 517 | |||
1852 | 514 | |||
1858 | 512 | |||
1864 | 517 | |||
1871 | 532 | |||
1875 | 514 | |||
1885 | 584 | |||
1895 | 654 | |||
1905 | 792 | |||
1910 | 838 | |||
1925 | 905 | |||
1939 | 1,075 | |||
1946 | 1,407 | |||
1950 | 1,585 | |||
1956 | 1,638 | |||
1961 | 1,844 | |||
1967 | 1,884 | |||
1972 | 1,920 | |||
1985 | ? | |||
1997 | 3,886 | |||
2001 | 3,962 | |||
2008 | 3,802 | |||
2011 | 3,687 | |||
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Further sources:; after 1977: Büttelborn municipality; 2011 census |
- Population (as of December 31, 2011): 3849 inhabitants, 383 of them foreigners
Religious affiliation
• 1829: | 432 Lutheran (= 93.71%), 27 Jewish (= 5.86%) and 2 Catholic (= 0.43%) residents |
• 1961: | 1253 Protestant (= 67.95%), 528 (= 28.63%) Roman Catholic residents |
• 2002: | 1600 Protestant (= 40.33%), 875 (= 22.06%) Roman Catholic and 1492 (= 37.61%) other residents |
religion
The first evidence of the existence of a church dates from 1557 when a chapel is documented as belonging to the Wendelin Altar in Groß-Gerau . As church patrons will Wendelin mentioned. The church patronage was held by Counts von Katzenelnbogen.
Today's Protestant church was built as a schoolhouse in 1753.
Until before the Second World War, Klein-Gerau was purely Protestant. Catholic services are held in the Protestant church by the Catholic parish of St. Nikolaus von der Flüe von Büttelborn.
The church administrations of Klein-Gerau are now the Evangelical Deanery Groß-Gerau of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau and the Catholic Dean's Office Rüsselsheim of the Diocese of Mainz .
Regular events
- Summer party of the volunteer fire brigade Klein-Gerau (annually)
- Curb organized by the sports club (annually)
- Christmas tree burning of the youth fire brigade Klein-Gerau (annually)
- Traditional folk cycling of the cycling and motor sports club Vorwärts 1908 Klein-Gerau annually in the last weekend in June
- International U23 cycling tournament for Fraport and U11 / U13 ÜWG Cup in October in the Klein-Gerau sports hall (annually)
- In 2016 Klein-Gerau took part for the first time in the biennial “ The Circle Rolls ” campaign. The bike route ran right through the town, many associations and institutions participated with stands and exhibitions.
Personalities
- Johann Peter Reinheimer (1800–1875), Member of the 2nd Chamber of the State Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and Mayor of Klein-Gerau.
literature
- Heimatpflege Klein-Gerau eV (1996) : Heimatbuch 750 years Klein-Gerau, self-published, Klein-Gerau.
- Heimatpflege Klein-Gerau eV (1988) : Klein-Gerau. Pictures from bygone days, Geiger-Verlag, Horb a. Neckar.
- Literature on Klein-Gerau in the Hessian Bibliography
Web links
- History of the districts on the website of the municipality of Büttelborn.
- Klein-Gerau, district of Groß-Gerau. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Buettelborn.de: Population statistics 2011. (PDF; 42 kB)
- ↑ Darmstädter Echo, Wednesday, October 8, 2014, p. 20: Roses for women ( memento of October 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Otto Klausing: The natural spaces of Hesse. Hessian State Institute for the Environment, Wiesbaden, 1988, ISBN 3-89026-066-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Klein-Gerau, Groß-Gerau district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ a b c local history of Klein-Gerau (accessed in Nov. 2012)
- ↑ a b c Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province Starkenburg, Volume 1 October 1829, p. 124 ( online at Google Books )
- ^ Railway in Hesse. Cultural monuments in Hessen. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen . Theiss publishing house. Stuttgart, 2005. Vol. 2.1, p. 238. ISBN 3-8062-1917-6 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 366 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Darmstadt 1866, p. 43 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
- ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p. 126 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
- ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p. 130 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
- ↑ List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
- ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 48 ( online at google books ).
- ↑ Numbers and dates. In: website. Büttelborn community, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
- ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. In: 2011 census . Hessian State Statistical Office
- ^ Büttelborn community
- ↑ It went car-free "Quer through Ried" - The third edition of "Der Kreis rolls" was a complete success . District Committee of the Groß-Gerau District , May 29, 2016, accessed on September 16, 2019 .