Kombach (Biedenkopf)

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Kombach
City of Biedenkopf
Coat of arms of the former municipality of Kombach
Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 41 ″  N , 8 ° 33 ′ 35 ″  E
Height : 262 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.39 km²
Residents : 995
Population density : 227 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35216
Area code : 06461
View from the southwest over the Wolfgruben district
View from the southwest over the district Wolfsgruben away
View from the outskirts towards Katzenbach to Kombach (foreground), Wolfgruben (behind) and Dautphe - Wilhelmshütte (left of it); in the background the south-east foothills of the 561 m high Schwarzenberg , namely the 378 m high Roth (center) and the 461 m high Beilstein (right), to which the 533 m high Nimerich adjoins the 533 m high Nimerich . On the left, in the background, the Bottenhorn plateaus with the 609 meter high Angelburg (TV tower)

Kombach is a district of Biedenkopf in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf with around 1100 inhabitants. The place bears the same name as the stream, which rises about 300 meters above the place and flows into the Lahn .

Geographical location

The highest point is the "Hirschstein" at 391 m above sea level. The built-up location ranges from about 255 m to 310 m above sea level. Kombach has a share in two natural areas. While the valley area still belongs to the Westerwald (main unit "Gladenbacher Bergland"), the slopes and all elevations already belong to the Bergisch-Sauerland Mountains (main unit "Ostsauerländer Gebirgsrand" and sub-unit "Sackpfeifen-Vorhöhen").

history

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1268 under the place name Cambach . Further mentions are from the years 1356 and 1415 under the names Kynbach and Conbach . In 1502 it was first mentioned under the current place name.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Kombach in 1830:

"Kombach (L. Bez. Battenberg) evangel. Branch village; is on the Chaussee from Biedenkopf to Marburg, and 4 St. from Battenberg. The place has 32 houses and 142 Protestant inhabitants, as well as 1 grinding, oil and cutting mill. "

On December 31, 1971, as part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality was incorporated into Biedenkopf.

The mail robbery in the Subach

In 1822 eight poor farmers and day laborers from Kombach, Wolfgruben and Dexbach attacked a money transport that was driving from Gladenbach to Gießen that day . The attack was carried out in the Subach, a ravine near Mornshausen near Gladenbach. The sudden wealth was the culprit's undoing. Seven of the eight perpetrators were convicted and five were sentenced to death by the sword.

Development

In the village center there are Hessian hook farms and three-sided farms as well as the oldest house, Bergstraße 13, built in 1698.

In the first decades of the 20th century and then since 1950 there was a lot of new building activity, especially in the outskirts of the village. Workers with little or no real estate as well as self-employed people, salaried employees and civil servants and new residents settled here in modern single or multi-family houses. Since there was a lack of financial means in the years 1938 to 1943, one was dependent on the voluntary commitment of the citizens. They channeled the Bergstrasse, the Steingartenstrasse and the Buchenauer Strasse, which they also expanded; they widened the mountain road and cased the kombach. The Buderus ' rule ironworks built from 1960 to 1963 four large apartment buildings and set them to their employees access available.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Kombach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1502: 016 men
• 1577: 018 house seats
• 1630: 020 house seats. 2 three-horse, 7 two-horse, 8 single-horse farm workers, 3 one-horse  men .
• 1677: 021 house grounds, 3 widows, 13 single people
• 1742: 028 households
• 1791: 190 inhabitants
• 1800: 178 inhabitants
• 1806: 207 inhabitants, 31 houses
• 1829: 142 inhabitants, 32 houses
Kombach: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 190
1800
  
 178
1806
  
 207
1829
  
 142
1834
  
 266
1840
  
 279
1846
  
 278
1852
  
 345
1858
  
 312
1864
  
 304
1871
  
 286
1875
  
 294
1885
  
 345
1895
  
 335
1905
  
 376
1910
  
 413
1925
  
 474
1939
  
 436
1946
  
 631
1950
  
 660
1956
  
 621
1961
  
 620
1967
  
 778
1970
  
 814
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2001
  
 1,025
2011
  
 981
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 142 Protestant residents
• 1885: 341 Protestant, no Catholic and no Jewish residents. 4 residents of other beliefs.
• 1961: 509 Protestant (= 82.10%), 72 Roman Catholic (= 11.61%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 101 agriculture and forestry, 183 manufacturing, 25 trade and transport, 25 services and other.

coat of arms

On December 23, 1965, the municipality of Kombach in what was then the district of Biedenkopf , administrative district of Wiesbaden , was awarded a coat of arms with the following blazon : shield split by a curly green tip with a silver source of red and silver, front and back a stag pole in confused colors.

Meaning : The stag sticks indicate the mountain Hirschstein and the wealth of game around Kombach. The colors red and silver are the colors of the Landgraviate of Hesse , which Kombach had belonged to since the 13th century. The silver spring stands for the mineral spring discovered in 1961. The curly green tip refers to the green meadows in the nearby Lahn valley, the forest and the pastures.

Mineral spring

Due to the influx of refugees and a brisk new construction activity, the population of Kombach increased sharply after the Second World War, so in 1961 it was necessary to drill for drinking water. Following instructions from the responsible authorities, a deep well was sunk at a depth of 60 meters on the Pfingstweide, roughly in the center of the “Kombacher Basin” stretching from Musbach to Mornshausen. The first examination of the water was a sensation for Kombach and read: "It is mineral water within the meaning of the Mineral Water Act". An investigation carried out by the chemical laboratory Fresenius in Wiesbaden in 1963 determined the exact analysis, the conclusion is as follows:

The water of the deep well on the Pfingstweide in Kombach has to be labeled as SODIUM-CHLORIDE-HYDROCARBONATE WATER according to the definitions of health resorts, recreation areas and healing wells of the German Baths Association.

Particularly noteworthy is the high content of sodium ions and the high temperature, which is only a few degrees below the definition of " thermal spring ".

The chemical composition almost corresponds to the mineral water from the world-famous Bad Nauheim . What to do? That was the question in 1961 and also after the merger with Biedenkopf in 1971. Appraisals were ordered, but no investments were made in order to turn the village into a seaside resort. However, because the water contained too many minerals and in the long run would have encrusted the pipe network, the well was switched off.

The healing spring has not yet been forgotten in Kombach, because the Kombach coat of arms shows a bubbling spring.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kombach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kombach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 150 ( online at google books ).
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350 .
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ↑ The affiliation of the Biedenkopf office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  7. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  8. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6d) ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  239 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  10. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 415 ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  185 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  197 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  14. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Kombach, district Biedenkopf, administrative district Wiesbaden dated December 23, 1965 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1966 No. 2 , p. 34 , point 16 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.4 MB ]).
  15. ^ The coat of arms of the city of Biedenkopf, from Karl Huth: Biedenkopf, castle and city through the centuries, Biedenkopf 1977 ( Memento from September 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive )