Engelbach

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Engelbach
City of Biedenkopf
Engelbach coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ′ 26 ″  N , 8 ° 36 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 297 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.44 km²
Residents : 360
Population density : 43 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35216
Area code : 06461

Engelbach is a district of Biedenkopf in western Hesse , at the transition area between central and northern Hesse. It is about 300 m above sea level and has about 360 inhabitants. The place is located in the bagpipe forecrops , which are among the south-eastern foothills of the Rothaargebirge , on the course of the Engelbach .

geography

location

Engelbach extends in a valley on both sides of the stream of the same name, surrounded by forests. In the northwest rises the bagpipe , at 674 m the highest point in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district and in the southwest the Aarnest with 591.5 m, Engelbach's local mountain. The Engelbach district is 843  hectares , most of which is forest. The castle forest is ten kilometers away . Mid-mountain elevations around Engelbach are, in addition to the already mentioned mountains, the Engelberg , the Planke, the Bronkekopf, the Engelbacher Hardt, the Treisbacher Hardt , the Rothskopf , the Große Hardenberg , the Rahnsberg , the Hassenroth and the Kohlenberg.

Neighboring places

Neighboring places are Treisbach , Dexbach , Eifa , Biedenkopf, Amönau , Warzenbach , Kombach , Eckelshausen , Katzenbach , Breidenstein , Münchhausen community (am Christenberg) .

history

The time of origin of Engelbach is not known. It can be assumed, however, that the founding dates back a long time, at the latest to the time of the ruling family in this area, the Counts Giso , who sat at Hollende Castle and held the bailiwick of the Wetter monastery. One cannot go wrong in assuming that the residents of Engelbach, Pferdsbach, Albertshausen and Dexbach were able to go about their work in the fields and forests in the hidden valleys, behind and under the protection of the Hollende. Engelbach, formerly Engelenbach , also Engelbach , was mentioned in a document in 1237. Around 1534 it belonged within the small court of Dexbach to the court of Dautphe , Amt Biedenkopf, was under the deanery of Kesterburg ( Christenberg ) in the 15th century and was paired into Dexbach in 1577.

Engelbach belonged to the Biedenkopf city court as early as 1318, as a sale of Engelbach's goods was notarized before the local court at that time. In 1356 the lower court (1495 Haibgericht) Dexbach became known when it was pledged by Landgrave Heinrich and his son as part of the Biedenkopf office to Wiegand von Sichertshausen and his stepson Johann von Breidenbach. In 1502 it consisted of the villages of Dexbach and Engelbach, and today's deserted horse brook also belonged to it.

It is assumed that the Dexbach area originally belonged to Wetter and that the court was set up and oriented towards Biedenkopf, because the way to Biedenkopf over the mountain range was too difficult for the residents of the aforementioned places. It probably only had local significance, because the mayor's office was combined with that of the Biedenkopf city court between 1451 and 1472. It was mentioned in 1592 and 1630.

Count Siegfried von Wittgenstein (Widechenstein), his wife Ida and their ecclesiastical and secular sons left some property to the Cistercian convent Calderin (Caldern) in the 13th century, including some goods at Engelbach with all accessories.

On June 26, 1301, Bertrad, known as von Rüdigheim (Rutdinkeln) and her daughter Bertrad, gave the Caldern Monastery to their and their ancestors' salvation from lay judges and citizens of Marburg , Abbess and Convent of the Caldern Monastery, among others, all of their goods in Engelbach (Engelbach) with all accessories, but retained the yield for life. They were also allowed to hold onto the goods if they got into trouble.

Where the Treisbach rises, east under the Aarnest , on the way from Engelbach to Katzenbach , was the place Albertshausen, (Alberdehusen 1519). However, it cannot have existed in the 15th century because it is no longer mentioned in the diocesan directory. Its inhabitants probably moved to Engelbach, Dexbach and Treisbach .

Ore finds were mentioned as early as 1654. Copper and silver ore mining was carried out in the "Elisabeth Pit", the entrance to the tunnel is still preserved.

In 1788, rabies ruled the area among dogs. In this context, the ordinance of Ludwig Landgraf zu Hessen of January 31, 1778 is very interesting : “No suction of the wound! It is necessary that the bitten person should not contain any warmth, any emotional or physical movements, no meat, wine, spices, alcohol, only milk, fruit or vegetable foods, to use the following drink with benefit: Take 4 lots of unrolled barley, wash them in lukewarm water, boil it afterwards with 5 cups of water until it has cracked open all the time, so sifts it through the canvas and finally mixes 3 lots of honey and 2 lots of wine vinegar with it. The patient should drink enough of this drink, and it should be made fresh as often as is necessary. This remedy has been entrusted and handed over to the deer pharmacy by the High Princely Government of dahio for distribution in all the High Princely Lands. Doses of this powder cost 6 Kreuzer. "

On April 12, 1813, the school vicar Holzheimer zu Dexbach filed a lawsuit with the Grand Ducal District Council in Biedenkopf against 21 Engelbachers because they had not given the three crowns or a loaf of bread to be paid. At the end of No. 16 he noted that the latter had delivered the bread, but received it back as inedible after examination by the church council. On May 24th, 1853, the municipality taker Medebach von Dexbach reported to the district council that he had handed over the draft of the garnishment order to his mayor and that four Engelbachers had returned the dunning notices and had refused to deliver bread and money.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Engelbach in 1830:

"Engelbach (L. Bez. Battenberg) evangel. Branch village; is 2 3 ⁄ 4  hours from Battenberg on the Churhessian border, and consists of 49 houses with 323 inhabitants, all of which are Protestant. You can find pottery, 1 grinding and oil mill and an abandoned copper mine. Ore was already felt here in ancient times and it was mentioned here in 1654. "

According to the main population list from 1846 by the Biedenkopf District Office, the Engelbach community had “two public buildings, 62 residential buildings, 74 families, 54 boys and 73 girls. Over 14 years 134 male and 160 female souls. 421 souls (Lutherans), as well as two civil servants, 35 farm workers, eleven tradespeople, four farm workers and tradesmen at the same time as well as 19 male day laborers and eleven female day laborers , one male servant and two female servants. Number of local residents who stayed outside: Inland: 10, abroad 5. One Cappelle, one bakery. No people over 90 ”.

On December 31, 1971, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, the previously independent community Engelbach was incorporated into Biedenkopf.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Engelbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subject:

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 024 house seats
• 1630: 021 house seats (5 two-horse, 9 single-horse farm workers, 7  single-horse ), 2 widows
• 1677: 020 house grounds, 2 widows, 13 single people
• 1742: 043 households
• 1791: 212 inhabitants
• 1800: 221 inhabitants
• 1806: 241 inhabitants, 44 houses
• 1829: 323 inhabitants, 49 houses
Engelbach: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 212
1800
  
 221
1806
  
 241
1829
  
 323
1834
  
 352
1840
  
 392
1846
  
 421
1852
  
 411
1858
  
 394
1864
  
 366
1871
  
 349
1875
  
 340
1885
  
 337
1895
  
 328
1905
  
 316
1910
  
 331
1925
  
 320
1939
  
 320
1946
  
 467
1950
  
 400
1956
  
 387
1961
  
 350
1967
  
 352
1971
  
 374
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 333
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; City of Biedenkopf: 1971 ; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 323 Protestant residents
• 1885: 337 Protestant, no Catholic residents
• 1961: 329 Protestant and 21 Roman Catholic residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 110 agriculture and forestry, 80 manufacturing, 7 trade and transport, 17 services and other.

politics

Coat of arms

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on August 3, 1960 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

Blazon : "A winged golden angel's head in blue over a lowered silver sloping creek."

The coat of arms of Engelbach is linked to the name of the town. An angel's head has been combined with a stream to create the local coat of arms.

flag

The flag was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior on September 17, 1962.

In the flag field, divided by yellow and blue diagonally to the left, the municipal coat of arms at the top right.

Sibling

Engelbach has been related to Engelsbach in Thuringia since the German reunification .

societies

Engelbach has a number of clubs: Heimatverein , men's choir , country women , volunteer fire brigade , gymnastics group, fraternity, jazz dance group and DRK train.

At a community meeting after the 750th anniversary celebration in 1987, it was decided to found the Heimatverein. The assembly commissioned the local advisory board with the preparatory work. The Heimatstube supervised by the Heimatverein is housed in the rooms of the former parish hall. Rural cultural goods from the region are exhibited in the three rooms of the Heimatstube. One focus is the permanent exhibitions on the subjects of farm housekeeping and domestic life from the mid-19th century to the first years of the post-war period from the point of view of rural self-sufficiency.

The men's choir was founded in 1879. The founding minutes are no longer available. On the other hand, in the minutes of January 19, 1929, in which the singing festival was organized for the 50th anniversary of the association in 1929, the year 1879 is clearly mentioned as the year the association was founded. The Engelbach men's choir is very successful regionally and nationally in competitions.

The Engelbach local association of rural women is part of the Biedenkopf district association in the Hesse rural women's association. The Engelbach rural women have made it their business to cultivate rural customs , keep them alive and make them accessible to the next generation. This happens, for example, by holding spinning room evenings , by maintaining old Hessian costumes or by continuing the tradition of baking bread in the traditional way in the village bakery. In addition, the rural women are crucially involved in the maintenance of the facilities within the village and work as a particularly active group in the local homeland association. Especially in the winter months, regular get-togethers take place in which products are manufactured in good company that are later offered at various events (Christmas markets, etc.): embroidered and knitted items, handicrafts of all kinds, gifts, decorative items, etc.

The Engelbach volunteer fire brigade was launched on June 16, 1956. At a community meeting that was surprisingly well attended, the dark side of the compulsory fire brigade in the past was reported in detail and the advantages of a volunteer fire brigade with committed men were highlighted.

Another association in Engelbach's cultural and club life is the senior gymnastics group of the German Red Cross, which was launched in March 1982. Initially it was mainly older women from the village who met regularly in the village community center , but now there are also a number of young women who regularly come together once a week for games, music and dance in order to stay healthy and flexible and beyond in addition to maintaining cheerful fellowship.

The fraternity "Waldeslust" Engelbach has only existed in a permanent form since 1978. The aim of the members at that time was to celebrate a fair again . Now that the fraternity had been formed, the preparations began. A flag was also made with the Engelbach coat of arms as a motif. In July 1980, after a long time, it was possible to celebrate a fair again. Since the re-establishment, the fair has been celebrated every year, later at longer intervals. In 1998 the anniversary fair "20 years of fraternity Waldeslust Engelbach" was celebrated. The fraternity has also made other tasks its own. For example, she ensures that people “wish” on New Year's Eve and that a straw bear roams the village at Mardi Gras . The fraternity consists of young boys and girls (in the beginning there were only boys) who can only be accepted into the fraternity after confirmation. You remain a member as long as you are a bachelor.

In 1971 and 1973, first aid courses for the population were carried out in Engelbach and Dexbach by the DRK district association in Biedenkopf. From these courses 32 members were willing to actively participate in the work of the German Red Cross. These comrades founded the DRK train Dexbach / Engelbach of the standby Biedenkopf. The district association rented the school in Dexbach from the city of Biedenkopf as a classroom and at the same time provided a vehicle. From this point on, lessons were held regularly.

Economy and Infrastructure

Business

Engelbach, a village with a rural character, is still very much influenced by agriculture. Although the number of farms has declined sharply in recent years, the roots of rural life can still be seen very clearly.

The commercial operations associated with agricultural activity, such as locksmiths, blacksmiths, tinsmiths or milk transporters, have naturally also disappeared with the decline in agriculture.

Occasionally, other small businesses have set up to replace them.

hike

The wooded low mountain range is ideal for hiking. There are some circular hiking trails in Engelbach, each of which starts from the village community center:

  • Cherry leaf trail: around the Engelberg; Length 3 kilometers
  • Ahornblattweg: around the Blanke; Length 3 kilometers
  • Axtweg: Klingelborn / Rothskopf; 4.8 kilometers long

In neighboring Treisbach there is a hiking club (Wanderfreunde Treisbach), which "recruits" its members both regionally and nationally. Wanderfreunde Treisbach regularly organize small and large hiking tours to which hiking guests are also cordially invited.

literature

  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local lexicon of Kurhessen , Marburg 1926
  • Monastery archives: registers and documents. The Upper Hessian Monasteries , Vol. 1, ed. by Friedrich Schunder, Marburg 1961
  • Georg W. Justus Wagner: Still desolations in the Grand Duchy , p. 351
  • Karl Kohlberger: History of the community Engelbach in the district of Biedenkopf
  • Literature on Engelbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Engelbach (Biedenkopf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Engelbach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 61 ( online at google books ).
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350 .
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ↑ The affiliation of the Biedenkopf office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  7. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6d) ( online at google books ).
  8. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  240 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  10. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 415 ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  186 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  198 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;