Calder

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Calder
community Lahntal
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 45 "  N , 8 ° 39 ′ 43"  E
Height : 254  (241-267)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.78 km²
Residents : 1198  (June 30, 2014)
Population density : 122 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35094
Area code : 06420
View of the Lahntal district of Caldern from the west
View of the Lahntal district of Caldern from the west

Caldern is the third largest of seven districts in the municipality of Lahntal in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf with around 1200 inhabitants. It is located 8.5 km northwest of Marburg near the Rimberg and the federal highway 62 .

history

Beginnings

Caldern was first mentioned as Calantra in the documents of the Fulda monastery at the beginning of the 9th century . At this time there was already a castle in the vicinity . A fountain at its foot (no longer active today), named after St. Boniface , could be seen as an indication that Boniface came to Caldern on his travels through Hesse in the 7th and 8th centuries. Already in the early Middle Ages (1154) monks and pilgrims stopped in Caldern on their way to Rome .

The former monastery and church

Nikolaikirche Caldern
Convent building of the former monastery
Topographic map from 1857

The late Romanesque Calderner Mary and St. Nicholas Church was built in the 13th century by Sophie of Brabant the Order of Cistercians given that the here Calderner monastery built. The monastery shaped life in the village until it was dissolved by Philip I of Hesse in 1527 and all property passed into the hands of the then new Philipps University of Marburg .

In addition to the church , part of the monastery wall and a former convent building (probably the Konversenbau ) have been preserved. The monastery wall has been restored. The dilapidated convent building stands on private property and is therefore not open to the public.

Further development

In addition to the monastery, Caldern was previously known primarily as a place of justice and execution.

In the middle of the 18th century, the population of the village consisted mainly of day laborers without land ownership, who wove linen for a living , helped with the harvest or became soldiers.

On December 31, 1970 Caldern was with the neighboring community Kernbach in the course of administrative reform in Hesse merged to Caldern together . Just one year later (December 31, 1971), the community of Lahntal emerged from the towns of Caldern, Kernbach and Sterzhausen . On July 1, 1974, in turn, the community was expanded to include the previous communities Brungershausen , Göttingen and Lahnfels . Lahnfels was formed at the end of 1971 from the former communities of Goßfelden and Sarnau . For Caldern, as for the other former municipalities of Lahntal, a local district with a local advisory board and local chief was formed according to the Hessian municipal code.

Historical forms of names

Historically documented mentions of the place are:

  • Calantra (802/817)
  • Caldera (1200/1220)
  • Calderas (1235)
  • Caldre (1270)
  • Kaldiren (1281)
  • Calderin (1282)
  • Caldern (1399)
  • Kallern (1502)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Caldern was located or the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration was taken over by the districts. In Marburg, the district of Marburg was set up for administration and the Marburg district court was the first-instance court responsible for Caldern. In 1850 the Marburg Regional Court was renamed the Marburg Justice Office. The Supreme Court was the Higher Appeal Court in Kassel . The higher court of Marburg was subordinate to the province of Upper Hesse. It was the second instance for the judicial offices.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the Marburg Justice Office became the Royal Prussian District Court of Marburg in 1867 . In June 1867, a royal ordinance was issued that reorganized the court system in the areas that belonged to the former Electorate of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous Justice Office was renamed the District Court of Marburg. The courts of the higher authorities were the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

With the entry into force of the Courts Constitution Act of 1879, the district court continued to exist under his name. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 35 house seats
• 1630: 33 teams (two four-in-hand, two three-in-hand, six two-horse farm workers, eleven one- horse men )
• 1681: 22 home-seated teams.
• 1838: 401 residents (28 local residents authorized to use, 31 local residents not authorized to use, 10  residents ).
Caldern: Population from 1767 to 1967
year     Residents
1767
  
 278
1834
  
 448
1840
  
 457
1846
  
 468
1852
  
 470
1858
  
 445
1864
  
 460
1871
  
 422
1875
  
 429
1885
  
 461
1895
  
 455
1905
  
 483
1910
  
 523
1925
  
 620
1939
  
 685
1946
  
 990
1950
  
 944
1956
  
 907
1961
  
 904
1967
  
 975
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861: 434 Evangelical Lutheran and 73 Roman Catholic residents
• 1885: 456 Protestant (= 98.92%), no Catholic, another Christian (= 0.22%), 4 Jews (= 0.87%)
• 1961: 807 Protestant (= 89.27%), 73 Catholic (= 8.08%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1776: Employed workers: two blacksmiths, four bricklayers, four linen weavers, three tailors, a carpenter, a bender , two landlords, a miller, five day laborers
• 1838: Families: 26 farming, 14 trades, 27 day laborers
• 1961: Labor force: 178 agriculture and forestry, 189 manufacturing, 54 trade and transport, 41 services and other

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on July 15, 1969 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

Blazon : "In silver on a red shield base, a red linden tree behind a black stone court bench."

Attractions

The 24 m high Rimberg Tower

In addition to the monastery church and the preserved part of the monastery wall, there is a historic water mill in Caldern , which is still used today by a local bakery for grinding grain. There is also a local history museum operated by the local history and local history association. Popular excursion destinations are the nearby Rimbergturm with a remarkable foresight and the spire of the former Rimbergturm, which was destroyed by a storm and which stands south of the village on a hill at the foot of the Hungert and offers a very beautiful view of the Lahn valley and the surrounding mountains.

traffic

The federal highway 62 leads directly past the place. In the suburb of Bahnhof Caldern there is a stop on the Oberen Lahntalbahn , where regional trains stop every hour to Marburg and via Biedenkopf to Bad Laasphe (and every two hours to Erndtebrück ). The platform was modernized in the mid-2000s . It was paved, equipped with tactile guide strips and modern lighting and raised to 55 centimeters. It is easily accessible for people with reduced mobility.

Personalities

literature

  • Heinz Loth, Friedrich Karl Azzola, local history and history association Lahntal: Ora et labora: 750 years of Caldern monastery: a nuns' abbey of the Cistercian order; 1250-1527 . Local history and history association Lahntal, Lahntal-Caldern 2000, ISBN 3-00-005188-0 .
  • Heinz Loth: My Caldern between Rimberg, Lahn and Franzosenbrücke . Burgwald, Cölbe-Schönstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3-936291-38-4 .
  • Heinz Loth: Church leaflet 2012, 775 years church caldern, Porta patet - the door is open . 7th edition. Caldern 2012.
  • Literature on Caldern in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Caldern  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information about the location on the Lahntal municipality's website. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016 ; accessed on January 15, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Lahntal in figures on the Lahntal municipality's website. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016 ; accessed on January 15, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Heinz Loth, church folder 2012, 775 years of church caldern, Porta patet - The door is open, 7th edition 2012, Caldern
  4. ^ Cistercian monastery Caldern
  5. ^ Robert von Friedeburg : The world and culture of the lower classes in the early modern period. 2002, p. 1
  6. ↑ Merger of the municipalities of Caldern and Kernbach in the Marburg district to form the municipality of "Caldern" on December 10, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 52 , p. 2447 , point 2468 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.8 MB ]).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Caldern, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 15, 2018 .
  8. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 111 kB) § 5. In: Website. Lahntal community, accessed in August 2020 .
  9. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ^ Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 370 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  11. ^ The affiliation of the Marburg office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  12. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  107 ( online at Google Books ).
  13. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224 .
  14. ↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts., Weimar 1823, p.  158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  15. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territories with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf from June 19, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1085-1094 )
  16. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 19 of this year. J. in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territorial parts with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 221–224 )
  17. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Caldern, Marburg district of July 15, 1969 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1969 No. 31 , p. 1309 , point 1066 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.1 MB ]).