Krummsteert-Sulsdorfer Wiek / Fehmarn

	; Krummsteert – Sulsdorfer Wiek / Fehmarn nature reserve IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
	Aerial view of the nature reserve (2004)
location	Fehmarn , Schleswig-Holstein , Germany
surface	3.95 km²
Identifier	NSG 90
WDPA ID	164270
Geographical location	54 ° 26 ' N , 11 ° 2' E Coordinates: 54 ° 26 '7 " N , 11 ° 1' 55" E
Setup date	1980

The Krummsteert-Sulsdorfer Wiek / Fehmarn nature reserve is located on the southwestern tip of the Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn in Schleswig-Holstein . It has existed since 1980 and has been around 395 hectares since it was redesignated in 2013 . The area with the NSG identification number 90 includes not only land areas but also parts of the Baltic Sea .

The spit hook Krummsteert ( Low German for "crooked tail") lies entirely in the nature reserve. It is one of the natural phenomena in Germany that is under process protection due to its dynamic nature and is not allowed to be entered.

Geology and history

The NSG essentially consists of four sub-areas with different ecosystems and biotopes :

the Krummsteert, a spit hook or a spit peninsula,
the Sulsdorfer Wiek, a former sea bay located behind the dike,
the Ramskamp, an area with salt marshes with brackish water ponds ,
Bodies of water in the Baltic Sea (parts of Kiel Bay and Orther Bay).

Originally the Sulsdorfer Wiek was a shallow bay, but after it was dyed at the end of the last century, it was used as a pond for carp breeding for a long time. The Ramskamp consists of a mosaic of salt marshes, bushes and former peat cuttings. The crooked steert is a spit hook that is still subject to considerable dynamism today. The tip of the Krummsteert "grows" around 20 meters per year and the shape of the spit hook changes significantly after the winter storms. Beach walls with typical and endangered plants such as the sea thistle and sea kale are therefore present in all ages. The natural succession of undisturbed coastal development can be observed on the spit hook .

On the night of November 2nd to 3rd, 2006, lower-lying parts of the Krummsteert were flooded and partially silted up during a storm flood.

ecology

Today, the Suldorfer Wiek is of outstanding importance as a breeding site on Fehmarn for the red-necked grebe and bittern , as well as a resting and wintering place for numerous species of ducks. The Sulsdorfer Wiek is enclosed by a wide reed, inter alia, in addition to the reed and Teichrohrsänger (acrocephalus schoenebaenus, A. scirpaceus) and bearded tits breed. Redshank breed in the adjoining Ramskamp , and in some years also water and spotted rail and red-necked grebes.

According to Altemüller (2001), the importance of the Krummsteert as a breeding area for seabirds and waders has decreased significantly in recent years, probably due to the strong predation by the fox. Every year a large number of skylarks and meadow pipiters breed on the spit hook. The undisturbed beach is a highly frequented resting place for cormorants , ducks and great gulls.

In the brackish and shallow pools of salt marsh areas of the reserve one finds the toad (Bufo viridis) and cross-toad (Bufo Calamita) . The fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) occurred in the area for a long time, but is no longer to be found.

The Krummsteert's vegetation reflects the processes of natural succession of coastal dunes in the Baltic Sea. White dunes with steep edges form the beach wall, behind them gray dunes form with the first signs of soil formation ( raw soil with a low nutrient content). The Salzmiere (Honkenya peploides) and sea rocket ( Cakile maritima ) and the beach thistle (Eryngium maritimum) represent the typical dune vegetation. On the Krummsteert the spreads as neophyte looked rosa rugosa (Rosa Rigosa) strong.

natural reserve

From October to the beginning of April, the NSG is a focus area for resting sea ducks , especially eider ducks (Somateria mollissima), scoter (Melanitta nigra) and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis).

The area has been professionally supervised by regular ornithological and botanical surveys since it was designated by NABU Schleswig-Holstein. In the summer months, the area is looked after on site by a nature conservation officer from NABU Schleswig-Holstein. On the lake side, the Heiligenhafen water protection police department supports compliance with the rules. Since the spit hook of the Krummsteert is subject to a natural dynamic, the boundaries of the protected area have to be updated from time to time.

View of the Flügger ponds north of the nature reserve. Different species of ducks, railings and gulls breed there. A bittern can often be heard here in spring.

The footpath from Orth to the Flügge lighthouse leads past the Sulsdorfer Wiek, the reed area called Ramskamp and the Flügger ponds ( landscape protection area Insel Fehmarn ). Since 2005, newly designed information boards have provided information about the birds that breed and migrate there. From the visitor platform of the Flügge lighthouse, you can see the entire spit hook.

Other nature reserves on Fehmarn are the NSG Grüner Brink , the NSG Wallnau / Fehmarn and on the mainland side the NSG Graswarder , which are all looked after by NABU, as well as the NSG Nördliche Seeniederung Fehmarn .

literature

Manfred Diehl, Dorothea Diehl: Nature reserves on the Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein. In: Reports of the Nature and Homeland Association and the Natural History Museum in Lübeck, issue 19/20, Lübeck 1986, ISSN 0067-5806 .

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ Martin Altemüller: The nature reserves of the island of Fehmarn 2001

[1] Martin Altemüller: The nature reserves of the island of Fehmarn 2001