Ball flowers

Ball flowers
	Naked-stemmed ball flower ( Globularia nudicaulis )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe :	Globularieae
Genre :	Ball flowers
Scientific name
	Globularia
	L.

The globular flowers ( Globularia ) form a genus of plants within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). The 22 to 30 species have different sized areas mainly in the Mediterranean area . Some species come to Central Europe , Macaronesia and Asia Minor with the southernmost occurrence in Somalia .

description

Illustration of the real ball flower , common ball flower ( Globularia punctata )

Vegetative characteristics

Globularia species are usually evergreen, perennial, herbaceous plants , rarely dwarf shrubs .

The leaves are simple and have entire margins.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are spherical (hence the name).

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and usually five-fold. The five blue petals have grown together to form a tube that ends with two lips. The four stamens and stylus protrude clearly from the corolla tube. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown.

There are achenes formed.

ingredients

Globular flower species contain the chemically unexplored glycoside globularin , which is responsible for toxic side effects.

Other ingredients are cinnamic acid , mannitol and aucubin .

Shrubby Ball Flower ( Globularia alypum )

Heart-leaved globular flower ( Globularia cordifolia )

Globularia incanescens

Real ball flower , common ball flower ( Globularia punctata )

The creeping globular flower ( Globularia repens )

Willow-like globular flower ( Globularia salicina ) on La Palma

Hairy-flowered globular flower ( Globularia trichosantha )

Systematics and distribution

Globularia species are distributed from the Canary Islands across Europe , North Africa , Western Asia to Somalia and Mauritania .

In Central Europe you can find three species (see also species below): real globe flower , common globe flower ( Globularia punctata ) and the two alpine plants heart-leaved globe flower ( Globularia cordifolia ), bare-stemmed globe flower ( Globularia nudicaulis ).

The generic name Globularia was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The botanical genus name is derived from the Latin word globulus for "small ball" and refers to the shape of the inflorescences. Lytanthus Wettst is a synonym for Globularia L.

The genus Globularia belongs to the tribe Globularieae within the family Plantaginaceae . The genus Globularia was previously assigned to its own family Globulariaceae.

species

There are 22 to 30 species of Globularia :

Shrubby globular flower ( Globularia alypum L. ): It is in the Mediterranean z. B. Spain , France , Italy , Greece , Crete , Tunisia and Turkey .
Globularia anatolica A.Duran : It was first described in 2009 and is endemic to southwestern Anatolia .
Globularia arabica Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia, Libya , Egypt , the Sinai Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , Mauritania , Djibouti , Eritrea , Ethiopia and Somalia .
Globularia ascanii Bramwell & Kunkel : It is an endangered species in the Canary Islands only in a small area in northwest Gran Canaria in the Tamadaba Massif.
Heart-leaved globular flower , Alpine globular flower ( Globularia cordifolia L. ): It is a mountain plant of the Pyrenees , Alps , the Apennines , the Balkans and the Carpathians . It also occurs in Turkey.
Globularia davisiana O.Schwarz : Home is Turkey.
Globularia dumulosa O.Schwarz : Home is Turkey.
Globularia × fuxeensis Giraud. = Globularia nudicaulis × Globularia repens ; (Syn .: Globularia gracilis Rouy & JARicht. ): It occurs in Spain, Andorra and France.
Globularia greuteri M.A.Mateos & Valdés : It was first described in 2006 and is endemic to the Rif Mountains in Morocco.
Globularia hedgei H. Duman : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from southern Anatolia .
Globularia incanescens Viv. : It is a mountain plant of the northern Apennines and the Apulian Alps .
Globularia liouvillei Jahand. & Maire : It is endemic to the High Atlas in Morocco.
Mallorca ball flower ( Globularia majoricensis Gand .; Syn .: Globularia cambessedesii Willk. ): It is endemic to Mallorca .
Southern globular flower ( Globularia meridionalis (Podp.) O.Schwarz , Syn .: Globularia bellidifolia (Ten.) Hayek ): It occurs in Italy, Austria , Serbia , Croatia , Bulgaria , Albania and Greece .
Globularia nainii Batt. : The homeland is Morocco.
Globularia neapolitana O.Schwarz : Home is Italy.
Bare-stemmed spherical flower , nodding spherical flower, stem-spherical flower ( Globularia nudicaulis L. ): It is a mountain plant of the Pyrenees , Alps , Apennines and the Western Balkans .
Globularia orientalis L .: The home is Turkey, Lebanon and Syria .
Real globe flower , common globe flower ( Globularia punctata Picot de Lapeyrouse , Syn .: Globularia bisnagarica L. , Globularia elongata Hegetschweiler , Globularia willkommii C.F. Nyman ): Their distribution area is Central and Southern Europe to the Caucasus .
Creeping globular flower ( Globularia repens Lam. ): Its distribution area is southwestern Europe, especially the southwestern Alps, Spain, Andorra, France and Italy.
Willow-like globular flower ( Globularia salicina Lam. ): Home are the Canary Islands and Madeira .
Globularia sarcophylla Svent. : It only occurs in Gran Canaria .
Globularia sintenisii Hausskn. & Compet. : It occurs in Turkey.
Thorny globular flower ( Globularia spinosa L. ): This endemic occurs only in southeastern Spain.
Greek globular flower ( Globularia stygia Orph. Ex Boiss. ): This endemic occurs only in Greece on the Peloponnese .
Hairy-flowered globular flower ( Globularia trichosantha Fisch. & CAMey. ): The homeland is the European and Asian Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Armenia , Georgia, the Caucasus region, the Crimea (Ukraine) and Bulgaria .
Swedish globular flower ( Globularia vulgaris L. , Syn .: Globularia valentina Willk. ): It occurs in Sweden , Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, Corsica , Croatia, Bulgaria and Turkey.

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literature

Kerstin Holländer, Eckehart J. Jäger: Morphology, Biology and Ecogeographical Differentiation of Globularia. I. Progressions in growth habit, inflorescence, leaf nerve and distribution. In: Flora. Volume 189, No. 3, 1994, pp. 223-254.

Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Globularia L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 282–283 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 261-263 . on-line.
Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Globularia in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Karol Marhold: Plantaginaceae. : Globularia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
↑ Ahmet Duran, Özlem Çetin, Meryem Öztürk: Globularia anatolica sp. nov. (Globulariaceae) from the Honaz Mountain National Park, southwest Turkey. In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 27, No. 3, 2009, pp. 232-237, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2009.00412.x .
^ Miguel A. Cabrera-Pérez: Explant establishment in the micropropagation of Globularia ascanii, a threatened species from Gran Canaria. In: Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News. Volume 1, No. 8, 1995, pp. 111-113, online. ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Marco A. Mateos, Benito Valdés: A new species of Globularia (Globulariaceae) from the Talassemtane National Park, N Morocco. In: Willdenowia. Volume 36, No. 1, pp. 409-412, DOI: 10.3372 / wi.36.36137 .

Web links

Commons : Kugelblumen ( Globularia ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[GRIN-1] A ^b ^c Globularia in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Karol Marhold: Plantaginaceae. : Globularia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

[Duran-3] Ahmet Duran, Özlem Çetin, Meryem Öztürk: Globularia anatolica sp. nov. (Globulariaceae) from the Honaz Mountain National Park, southwest Turkey. In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 27, No. 3, 2009, pp. 232-237, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2009.00412.x .

[Cabrera-Pérez-4] Miguel A. Cabrera-Pérez: Explant establishment in the micropropagation of Globularia ascanii, a threatened species from Gran Canaria. In: Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News. Volume 1, No. 8, 1995, pp. 111-113, online. ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[Mateos-Valdes-5] Marco A. Mateos, Benito Valdés: A new species of Globularia (Globulariaceae) from the Talassemtane National Park, N Morocco. In: Willdenowia. Volume 36, No. 1, pp. 409-412, DOI: 10.3372 / wi.36.36137 .