List of major marine accidents 1801–1850

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This list of serious marine casualties 1801–1850 records accidents in the sea , which resulted in deaths or high damage to property.

list

date	Surname	dead	Course of events
February 5, 1805	Earl of Abergavenny	261	The East Indiaman Earl of Abergavenny stranded on their way to India due to bad weather and an incompetent pilot on a sandbar near Weymouth ( Dorset ), England . The ship was released, but sank while trying to reach Weymouth, killing 261 of the 405 people on board, including the captain John Wordsworth, a brother of the poet William Wordsworth . Modern investigations into the wreck revealed that structural defects played a key role in the sudden sinking of the ship.
December 25, 1806	Stotfield fishing disaster	21st	Three fishing boats from the fishing village of Stotfield on the Moray Firth were caught by a sudden storm and could not return to their home port. All 21 people on board and thus all able-bodied men from Stotfield were killed in the accident.
February 1807	Blenheim and Java	around 820	The British liner Blenheim (74 cannons) and the accompanying frigate Java (32 cannons) were probably lost in a cyclone near the island of Rodrigues with their crews in the Indian Ocean. The exact date of the accident is unknown, the ships left Madras for Cape Town on January 12th . Rear Admiral Thomas Troubridge was among the approximately 820 drowned people (600 from Blenheim , 220 from Java ) .
August 16, 1809	Meikle Ferry	99	Due to overloading, a ferry overturned in the eastern part of the Dornoch Firth in Scotland ; 99 people drowned.
November / December 1811	Baltic convoy	more than 2,000	A convoy of about 130 British merchant and warships with the Victory was hit by several severe storms in Danish waters in November and December 1811 en route from Sweden to Great Britain . When the two ships of the line Defense (74 cannons) and St. George (90 cannons) ran aground on the west coast of Jutland , 1,407 sailors died, only 18 could be rescued; the ship of the line Hero sank near Texel . Of the 550 men, only eight survived (according to other sources, there were no survivors). A large number of merchant ships were also lost, with a total of more than 2,000 British seamen killed, more than died fighting in the coalition wars. In addition to the delayed departure of the convoy due to adverse winds, the inadequate navigation equipment of the Royal Navy is named as the cause of the tragedy.
August 31, 1812	Salvador	470	The Spanish troop transport Salvador was stranded on the way from Spain to Montevideo in the estuary of the Río de la Plata during a storm on a sandbank, broke apart and sank. Of the approximately 600 people on board - mostly soldiers who were supposed to put down an uprising against Spanish colonial rule - 470 drowned. It is the worst shipwreck in the history of Uruguay .
August 9, 1815	Epervier	134	After passing the Strait of Gibraltar on the way from Algiers to the USA, the American corvette Epervier sank in the Atlantic for unknown reasons . Most likely, the ship got caught in a hurricane around August 9, 1815 in the mid-Atlantic and sank with the entire crew of 134 men.
July 2, 1816	Méduse	140	The frigate gained fame for its catastrophic evacuation after being stranded on the Arguin Sandbank . 140 passengers and crew members died. The accident attracted attention across Europe and caused a scandal in the French government due to the incompetence of the ship's captain and the poor rescue operation. This disaster is the subject of several notable paintings. The best known is " The Raft of Medusa " in the Louvre .
November 20, 1820	Essex	12	The whaler Essex was attacked by a whale and sank as a result. The crew saved themselves on three small whaling boats and crossed half of the South Pacific in a 3,500 nautical mile journey. Three men stayed on the small Pacific island of Henderson , and cannibalism broke out in the boats. With the men on Henderson, eight of the 20-man crew survived. This catastrophe was the template for Herman Melville's novel " Moby-Dick ".
February 5, 1822	Tek Sing	more than 1600	The Chinese junk Tek Sing (German: True Star ) sailed in January 1822 with a cargo of porcelain , more than 200 crew members and at least 1,600 passengers on board from the Chinese port city of Amoy in the direction of Java , ran in the South China Sea to the Belvidere Reef and sank. A Chinese escort ship picked up 18 castaways as it passed, but did not stop. Two days later, the British East India sailor Indiana sailed past the scene of the accident under the command of Captain James Pearl. His crew saved 180 castaways at the risk of their own lives. Nevertheless, at least 1,600 people died - about 100 more than when the Titanic sank .
October 22, 1825	Baron of Renfrew	2	The British-Canadian one-way cargo sailor Baron of Renfrew stranded in the English Channel after an almost two-month voyage across the Atlantic . Two people died from the crew of 25. The broken wreck was towed by two tugs on October 25 and brought to Calais, France.
March 12, 1835	George III	133 (+14)	The convict ship George III sailed from Woolwich to Hobart , Van Diemens Land in December 1834 , with 308 people on board, including 220 convicts. A fire broke out around the equator, which destroyed large parts of the provisions, which subsequently led to the outbreak of scurvy, which has already claimed 14 deaths among the convicts. When she reached Van Diemens Land, in order to save time it was decided to sail through the D'Entrecasteaux Canal . At around 9:15 a.m., the ship collided with a rock and broke in the heavy seas in the following hours. To enable the orderly evacuation of the passengers, the convicts were held back below deck. To control the panic, several shots were fired into the crowd, killing one to three convicts. Over half of them, including the sick in their beds, drowned. Of the 133 victims, 128 were convicts.
September 7, 1838	Forfarshire	approx. 42	The paddle steamer Forfarshire from the "Dundee & Hull Shipping Company" left Kingston upon Hull on September 5th with over 60 passengers and cargo on board. On September 7th, in a stormy sea off the Farne Islands , it hit the cliffs and broke. Some of the passengers were able to save themselves. Another nine were saved by Grace Darling and her father, the lighthouse keeper, at the risk of their lives. Because of her rescue mission, the young Grace Darling became famous nationwide and celebrated as a heroine.
January 13, 1840	Lexington	139	Only a few hours after leaving Manhattan , the paddle steamer Lexington burned down on the East River . Most of the passengers only had to jump into the water at zero degrees. In the worst steamer disaster in Long Island Sound , 139 of the 143 people on board were killed.
March 1841	President	109	The paddle steamer President (2,366 GRT), the largest steamship of its time, set off from New York on March 11, 1841 with 81 crew members and 28 passengers for a crossing to Liverpool. After a final sighting on March 13th at Georges Bank , the President disappeared without a trace. During the last sighting, the ship struggled with stormy winds and high waves.
4th August 1845	Cataraqui	399	The British emigrant ship Cataraqui was thrown onto the cliffs of King Island in a storm in Bass Strait en route from Liverpool to Australia and broke apart. 399 passengers and crew died in the worst civilian shipwreck in Australian history, only nine survivors were able to save themselves.
April 1847	Volume	9	The barque Volumnus ran aground off the west coast of Jutland . Four of the 13 crew members were rescued from a hopeless situation through a private rescue operation organized by the Danish Council of Justice. The rescue act is now considered to be the birth of the Danish sea rescue service.
April 15, 1847	Cleopatra	about 300	The side wheel -Dampffregatte the British East India Company sank on its way from Bombay to Singapore in a cyclone between the Malabar coast and Lakshadweep . The entire 151 crew, approximately 100 Indian convicts who were to be brought to Singapore, and all of their marines guards were killed.
November 22, 1847	Phoenix	about 250	The paddle steamer Phoenix was on its way from Buffalo to Chicago on Lake Michigan with around 300 people on board . Overheated boilers set fire to the wood paneling of the steamer, which then went up in flames and burned out 3 miles from Sheboygan . Only 42 people survived one of the worst shipping accidents on the Great Lakes .
August 28, 1848	Fishing accident in the Moray Firth	100	A fleet of 800 fishing boats that had set sail on the Moray Firth to catch herring was caught by a sudden storm. While trying to return to the ports, 124 fishing boats sank or were smashed on the cliffs, killing a total of 100 crew members.
August 24, 1848	Ocean monarch	178	A few hours after leaving Liverpool , the Bark Ocean Monarch , which was on its way to Boston with almost 400 people, went up in flames off Llandudno on the Welsh coast. Four nearby ships saved 208 people, but 178 passengers and crew were killed.

See also

• List of disasters

Footnotes

1. ^ Baron Renfrew Timber Ship (Timber Drogher) 1825 , Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-3280 Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadiana.
2. ↑ The sinking of the Montevideo Maru is considered to be Australia's largest shipwreck to date.