List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Britz

The list of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Britz contains the stumbling blocks in the Berlin district of Britz in the Neukölln district , which remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide under National Socialism. The columns in the table are self-explanatory. The table records a total of 19 stumbling blocks and is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

According to a press release by the local residents' initiative "Hufeisern gegen Rechts" (Hufeisern gegen Rechts), the seven stumbling blocks laid in the Hufeisensiedlung were dug up and stolen by previously unknown perpetrators on the night of November 5th to 6th, 2017. This applies to the stones for Stanislaw Kubicki, Hans-Georg Vötter, Wienand Kaasch, Rudolf Peter, Gertrud Seele, Heinrich Uetzfeld and Georg Obst. After a successful fundraising campaign, these stumbling blocks will be replaced from December 4th to 6th, 2017.

Surname	Location		Laying date	Life
Charlotte Adel	Backbergstrasse 23	location	4th Sep 2018	Klara Agnes Dora Charlotte was born on December 7, 1893 in Berlin-Tempelhof with the maiden name Sonntag, her parents were worker Eugen Sonntag (born April 16, 1862 in Stettin) and Agnes Sonntag (born Lehmann on October 13, 1859 in Frankfurt an der Oder). She was a stenographer by profession. On September 26, 1919, she married the office assistant Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Adel (born October 9, 1889 in Berlin) in Berlin; this marriage was divorced on May 24, 1930. Since 1931 she was a member of the Freethinkers Association and got in touch with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD) through her daughter . In 1933 she rented an apartment at Weißenburger Strasse 79 in Prenzlauer Berg, which she made available to the SAPD as an illegal cover address. The Gestapo discovered the secret apartment through an informant. On August 22, 1933, Charlotte Adel, her daughter Lilli and a large part of the Berlin district leadership of the SAPD were arrested. While in custody, detainees were severely tortured to extort more information about the illegal organization. Charlotte Adel attempted suicide to avoid further abuse. On December 1, 1934, there was finally a trial before the People's Court. In the trial against Max Köhler and comrades, Charlotte Adel was sentenced to 1.5 years in prison for preparing for high treason. She was imprisoned in Barnimstrasse women's prison . After her release on March 1, 1935, she moved to Britz and lived at Karlstrasse 23 (today Backbergstrasse 23). There she became lonely because many friends and acquaintances had withdrawn from her. As a "political" she was under constant police supervision. Her job search was also unsuccessful, so she often did not know how to find the bare minimum for life. Financial debt burdened them more and more. On May 14, 1938, Charlotte Adel finally came to the conclusion that everything had been destroyed politically and privately for her. She took her own life that day. The stumbling block was laid on September 4, 2018 by the residents' initiative "Hufeisern gegen Rechts".
Bruno Altmann	Dörchläuchtingstrasse 4	location	Nov 26, 2018
Else Grand	Rungiusstrasse 33	location	Sep 12 2008	Else Grand was born on December 19, 1893 in Ortelsburg . Together with her sister Johanna, she escaped deportation only by suicide on November 3, 1941.
Johanna Grand	Rungiusstrasse 33	location	Sep 12 2008	Johanna Grand was born on December 31, 1892 in Ortelsburg . Along with her older sister Else she committed in 1941 on November 3 suicide to escape their imminent deportation.
Wienand Kaasch	Parchimer avenue 94	location	Sep 9 2017	The communist metalworker union Wienand Kaasch was born in Stolp / Pomerania in 1890. In 1912 he joined the SPD, which he left in 1917 in protest against the truce policy. Via the USPD, he switched to the KPD in 1920. From 1922 he worked as a full-time functionary in their headquarters, u. a. as head of the organizational department of the Central Committee. From 1931 he was sent to the Communist International in Moscow, for which he initially worked as an instructor in Romania and the USA. From mid-1932 he worked for a year as a teacher at the Moscow Lenin School, then in the German section of the Red Trade Union International. From this position he was commissioned in 1935 to enter Germany illegally as an instructor for the Berlin-Brandenburg district management. He was supposed to propagate the policy of unity of action in the KPD and establish contacts with the SPD. He should also promote the establishment of free trade unions. Looking back, it must be said that he had too little time to achieve sustainable success. Just four weeks after starting his work in Berlin, he was arrested by the National Socialists and sentenced to 11 years in prison for “preparing a treasonous enterprise”. He did not survive this prison sentence. He died on January 19, 1945 because of the inhumane conditions in prison in Luckau. How exactly the fascists recognized the danger of unified action by the workers' movement, they stated in the reasoning against Kaasch. His actions are particularly reprehensible because "it should lead to the formation of a united front that is extremely dangerous for the existence of the state." The laying of the stumbling block was initiated jointly by the Berlin IG Metall and the residents' initiative "Hufeiseisern gegen Rechts".
Stanislaw Kubicki	Onkel-Bräsig-Strasse 46	location	Nov 29, 2013	Stanislaw Kubicki was born in Ziegenhain / Hessen in 1889 . With his wife Margarete Kubicka he became a leading member of the expressionist German-Polish artist group Bunt . Politically inclined to anarchism , they became involved in the artist community “Die Kommune” and the group of progressive artists in the further course of the Weimar Republic . Disappointed about the defeat of the German revolution and the decline of the political left, theosophical and pantheistic elements increasingly shaped his utopia of a humanistic, free society. He believed to have found artistic expression in constructivism . When, however, after the Nazis seized power, his friend Erich Mühsam was arrested, other friends such as Raoul Hausmann or Leon Hirsch had to flee and the SA also searched the Kubickis' houses, which destroyed pictures and sculptures, he decided to emigrate to Poland in 1934 . His wife stayed behind with their two children in Britz, as the livelihood in Poland was insecure. In 1939 Kubicki joined the Polish resistance group Wolność. As a courier, he brought information from Poland to the Berlin Embassy of Manchukuo , which from there went on to London. On the way back, he smuggled money into Poland for the resistance. He was arrested in mid-1941. Whether it fell into the hands of the Gestapo during an identity check in Warsaw or through the betrayal of an infiltrated spy has not yet been clarified. The exact date of death is also unknown. His last letter from the Pawiak prison in Warsaw was postmarked on January 14, 1942. In June the family from Poland received news of Kubicki's murder. (See Hufeisern gegen Rechts (Ed.), Stanislaw Kubicki - a German-Polish avant-garde from the Hufeisensiedlung, Berlin 2014) The stumbling block was donated by class 9c (school year 1913/14) to the Alfred Nobel School. The new stone laid on December 4, 2017 to replace the stumbling block that was stolen on November 6, 2017 contains a wrong year of death (1941 instead of 1942) and is to be replaced by a third version.
Adolf Mockrauer	Buschkrugallee 179	location	June 16, 2018	The pharmacist Adolf Mockrauer, born on December 11, 1868 in Tost (today Toszek in Poland), opened the Albrecht Dürer pharmacy in 1928 at what was then Rudower Allee 86, today Buschkrugallee 179. He was popular in his neighborhood and his pharmacy quickly expanded a very popular institution. In 1936 the National Socialists forced him to lease his pharmacy to an “Aryan” pharmacist, who, however, left the management of the business to him. When SA men in Neukölln smashed his pharmacy on November 9, 1938 and beat up the 70-year-old, Mockrauer saw his life's work destroyed. He managed to escape to Chile, but the Nazi regime had stripped him of all his assets. Without financial means and without knowledge of Spanish, he was unable to gain a foothold in exile. In addition, Mockrauer encountered national-socialist and anti-Semitic attitudes in Chile. A new beginning was not possible for him. At the age of 71, he committed suicide on September 16, 1940. The stumbling block was donated by Neukölln citizens and its laying was organized by the residents' initiative "Hufeisern gegen Rechts".
Georg Obst	Gielower Strasse 28	location	23 Sep 2016	Georg Obst was born on April 7, 1902 in Salzbrunn / Silesia . In 1930 he moved to the Hufeisensiedlung in Berlin-Britz . There he married the nurse Elisabeth Zimmer. Their son Bernd Obst was born on December 13, 1933. Georg Obst was politically organized first in the Socialist Workers' Youth and later in the SPD . When this was banned by the National Socialists on June 22, 1933, Georg Obst joined a social democratic resistance group. He organized illegal meetings, obtained illegal material, e.g. B. the "Socialist Action", and distributed it in Britz. Dora Lösche, after 1945 member of the Neukölln SPD executive committee, judged Georg Obst retrospectively: "If one of the Britz SPD comrades has worked illegally, then Georg Obst." On February 7th, he was arrested by the Gestapo and moved to their headquarters in Prinz-Albrecht-Str. 8 subjected to "intensified" interrogation. He should name his illegal connections. In the cell, Georg Obst then told a fellow inmate that he feared that he would not be able to remain silent in the event of further torture. When Georg Obst was brought up for interrogation the next day, he rushed from the third floor of the stairwell to protect his comrades. Elisabeth Obst reported on the signs of torture that she had seen on her husband's dead body during her final visit to the morgue. Bernd Obst, son of Georg Obst, was also present when the Stolperstein was laid. The stumbling block was donated by the residents' initiative “Horseshoes against the Right”.
Rudolf Peter	Gielower Strasse 32c	location	Sep 12 2008	Rudolf Peter was born on October 2, 1889 in Podersam . He was unionized in the association of bookbinders and paper converters . From 1934 he lived in Berlin and worked for the German publishing house , the "Aryanised" former Ullstein publishing house . There he belonged next to the packer August Mikutta to an "illegal" trade union group of the Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein organization around the bookbinder Wilhelm Selke . The group raised money to build the resistance organization, sabotaged the production of Nazi writings, and distributed illegal writings, among others. a. from the National Committee Free Germany . For example, leaflets like “To the workers in Berlin” and “Ten questions for common sense” were smuggled into the publisher's books. Peter was involved in contacting the social democratic union secretary August Imhof with the resistance. The resistance organization was exposed through betrayal. Selke was arrested on August 10 and Peter on August 28, 1944. Selke was sentenced to death by the People's Court on January 18, 1945 for high treason , Peter was given four years and Mikutta three years in prison . On February 2, 1945, Peter was transported from Potsdam to Brandenburg prison to serve his sentence . Selke was executed there on February 26, 1945; Peter died a few days later on March 2 after being tortured.
Gertrud Seele	Parchimer Allee 75	location	Nov 29, 2012	* September 22, 1917 in Berlin; † January 12, 1945 in Berlin-Plötzensee . She was a nurse and carer who was committed to Jewish fellow citizens who were under pressure during the Nazi era. Because of her attitude critical of the regime she was sentenced to death by the National Socialists and executed. The Stolperstein was donated by the SPD's Horseshoe Estate.
Karl Tybussek	Jahnstrasse 12	location	Nov 29, 2012
Heinrich Uetzfeld	Parchimer Allee 7	location	Nov 29, 2013	The metal trade unionist Heinrich Uetzfeld left the SPD in 1931 and joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). Their main goal was to create a united front for all workers' organizations, especially including the SPD and KPD, in order to be able to effectively combat the growing national socialism. After taking power, he organized the underground work of the SAPD together with Alexander Zimmermann in Neukölln and distributed illegal anti-fascist publications such as the "New Proletarian Battle Front". In December 1933 Uetzfeld was arrested by the Gestapo who had managed to intercept and decipher a letter. After a three-year prison sentence, Uetzfeld resumed his resistance activities and tried to rebuild the SAPD groups, which had meanwhile largely been broken up. In March 1940 he was arrested again and taken into "protective custody", which he initially spent in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. On September 16, 1940, he was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp. Here he died on February 24, 1941 as a result of the conditions in which he was detained. The Stolperstein was donated on November 29, 2013 by the then class 8c of the Albert Einstein High School.
Hans-Georg Voetter	Onkel-Bräsig-Strasse 111	location	Nov 29, 2013
Benno Wittenberg	Buschkrugallee 21	location	19 Sep 2013
Erwin Wittenberg	Buschkrugallee 21	location	19 Sep 2013
Hedwig Wittenberg	Buschkrugallee 21	location	19 Sep 2013
Siegfried Wittenberg	Buschkrugallee 21	location	19 Sep 2013
Anna root	Bürgerstrasse 57	location	Sep 9 2017
Samson Baruch Root	Bürgerstrasse 57	location	Sep 9 2017