List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Friedenau

This list is part of the wiki project Stolpersteine ​​in Berlin . She still lacks biographies and coordinates for the individual stumbling blocks. If you would like to help develop the article, please take a look at the corresponding project page .

The list of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Friedenau contains the stumbling blocks in the Berlin district of Friedenau in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district , which remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide during the National Socialist era . The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Most of the stumbling blocks laid in Friedenau can be traced back to the research of two local residents' initiatives. The Stolperstein initiative on Stierstrasse has been active since 2008; The Stolperstein project “Quartier Handjerystraße” has existed since the beginning of 2012 .

In addition to the 208 stumbling blocks that were recorded in the list, there are also two “stumbling blocks” in the Friedenau district. The first stumbling block, laid on March 28, 2013, as well as numerous stumbling blocks in Stierstraße and Fregestraße were sprayed with black paint by strangers the night after the laying. The following night, stumbling blocks in Handjerystraße were the target of the attacks. On the night of June 6, 2013, shortly before the second trip-free threshold was moved, more than 50 stumbling blocks in Stierstrasse, Fregestrasse, Wilhelm-Hauff-Strasse and Handjerystrasse were defaced with black paint. Since then, stumbling blocks in Friedenau have been defaced by previously unidentified criminals, most recently 35 stones in the night of February 3, 2016. Several attacks have also been made on the information box that provides information about the stumbling blocks in Stierstrasse.

Trip Threats

The two trip-free thresholds that have been laid in Berlin so far are:

image	Location	location	Laying date	Explanation
	Stierstrasse 21		March 28, 2013	Jewish prayer room
	Handjerystraße 20a		June 8, 2013	Gossner Mission

Stumbling blocks

The following stumbling blocks were laid in Friedenau:

image	Surname	Location	Laying date	Life	location
	Max Abraham	Bennigsenstrasse 8	Feb 22, 2020
	Richard Adam	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Richard Adam was born on May 4, 1876 in Gumbinnen, East Prussia, to Jewish parents. He became an architect and was a well-off building contractor. He lived with his widowed sister Clara Sabbath nee Adam and their daughter Hettie in an office building on Tempelhofer Ufer, which also housed the offices of his flourishing construction company. He was engaged to Erna Wilde. Before 1933, Richard Adam employed around 150 people in his construction company. Due to the displacement of Jewish entrepreneurs, the number fell continuously until in 1939 he also had to dismiss the last employee and quit the office on Tempelhofer Ufer. He moved into a 6-room apartment at 21 Stierstrasse with his sister and niece. He still had considerable financial resources, which were withdrawn from him through the Jewish property tax of 75,000  marks and a home purchase contract for 76,800 marks. On June 19, 1942, he and his sister were deported to Theresienstadt , where he died in February 1944, his sister died on October 18, 1942. His fiancée Erna Wilde achieved recognition of her marriage to Richard Adam after the end of the Second World War .
	Alice Altmann	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Alice Lippmann was born on June 24, 1922 in Schneidemühl / Posen as the daughter of the Jewish businessman Erich Lippmann and his wife Käthe, their twin sister was named Lilli. She married the businessman Herbert Altmann, and until 1942 the couple lived in their parents' apartment at Beckerstrasse 5 in Schöneberg. Then they moved to Richard Adam at 21 Stierstrasse as a subtenant. On March 1, 1943, her twin sister Lilli was deported to Auschwitz and murdered at an unknown date, followed by Alice on March 2, 1943 with her husband Herbert and her parents, Erich and Käthe Lippmann. Alice Altmann's death date is not known.
	Herbert Altmann	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Herbert Altmann was born on August 4, 1907 in Berlin into a Jewish family. He was a businessman and married Alice Lippmann, who was born on June 24, 1922 in Schneidemühl. Initially, the couple lived with Alice's parents at Beckerstrasse 5 in Schöneberg. Then they moved to Stierstrasse 21 as a subtenant to Richard Adam's. On March 2, 1943, Herbert and Alice Altmann were deported to Auschwitz and murdered there. The Federal Archives give the date of Herbert Altmann's death as April 29, 1943.
	Else Ascher	Bundesallee 111	March 26, 2014	Else Lebrecht was born as the daughter of Minna Lebrecht née Kallmann and her husband in Dirschau. She also had a sister, Caecilie, who was born in 1884. Else married the wine wholesaler Moritz Ascher and lived with him and her widowed mother Minna Lebrecht in Friedenau, Kaiserallee 111 (today: Bundesallee). In October 1942 Minna Lebrecht was deported to Theresienstadt, after which Else and Moritz Ascher had to move out of the Kaiserallee 111 apartment and move into a 6-room apartment on Stübbenstrasse 1 on the first floor. Else and Moritz Ascher were deported to Auschwitz on January 12, 1943 .
	Magda Ascher	Perelsplatz 15	March 21, 2017	Magda Ascher was born on February 3, 1887 in Glatz / Lower Silesia as the daughter of the businessman Leopold Ascher and his wife Malwine, née Schlesinger. She remained single, became a welfare worker and moved to Berlin at an unknown point in time. In 1939 she lived at Maybachplatz 15 (today Perelsplatz). From there she was deported to the Levetzowstrasse collection point on October 18, 1941 on the first transport from Berlin to Litzmannstadt to the ghetto. There she lived at Alexanderhofstrasse 29/8. On May 8, 1942, she was deported to the Kulmhof extermination camp, where she was immediately murdered.
	Moritz Ascher	Bundesallee 111	March 26, 2014	Moritz Ascher was born on December 20, 1880 in Rhine / East Prussia to a Jewish family. He became a wine wholesaler, married Else nee Lebrecht and lived with her and her widowed mother in Friedenau, Kaiserallee 111 (today: Bundesallee). After his mother-in-law Minna Lebrecht was first deported to Theresienstadt on October 3, 1942, Moritz and Else Ascher had to move to Stübbenstrasse 1. From there they were deported to Auschwitz on January 12, 1943 , and murdered
	Adolf upright	Moselstrasse 4	Dec 2007	Adolf Aufrecht was born on December 16, 1870 in Rogasen / Posen into a Jewish family. He owned a fashion department store on Martin-Luther-Straße , privately he lived with his brother Philipp and his wife Rebecca in Friedenau in their own house at Moselstraße 4. His brother Philipp died, Adolf Aufrecht became on September 14, 1942 together with his sister-in-law Rebecca deported to Theresienstadt. The transport list says that the couple received a Cross of Merit. Rebecca died on December 2, 1942, Adolf Aufrecht died of pulmonary tuberculosis on August 4, 1942. A sister of Adolf and Philipp, Johanna, who escaped to Palestine in time, dedicated a "Page of Testimony" to her brother and sister-in-law Rebecca Aufrecht in the Yad Vashem .
	Rebecca upright	Moselstrasse 4	Dec 2007	Rebecca Baumann was born on October 4, 1881 in Schneidemühl / Posen as the daughter of Berta and Abraham Baumann. She married Philipp Aufrecht and moved with him to Berlin. Her husband was a merchant, they lived with their brother-in-law Adolf Aufrecht in his house in Friedenau, Moselstrasse 4. Her husband Philipp died on October 1, 1941 and was buried in the Weissensee Jewish cemetery. On September 14, 1942, Rebecca Aufrecht and her brother-in-law Adolf were deported to Theresienstadt. The transport list says that the couple received a Cross of Merit. Rebecca Aufrecht died on December 2, 1942.
	Martha Bab	Stierstrasse 18	July 27, 2008	Martha Bab was born on September 30, 1884 in Berlin as the daughter of the merchant Hartwig Bab and his wife Minna, nee Lehrs. She became a cleaner and remained single. She lived at Stierstrasse 18 in Gartenhaus II, mezzanine floor. On November 12, 1941, Martha Bab had to go to the Levetzowstrasse collection point and on November 14th from Levetzowstrasse to Grunewald station . This is where the train that arrived in Minsk on November 18 left. Martha Bab's death date is unknown.
	Emma Bachrach	Handjerystrasse 63	3rd June 2013	Emma Bachrach was born on October 9, 1875 in Schmalkalden in Hessen-Nassau . She remained single and lived in 1939 as a pensioner at Handjerystraße 63, and from 23 May 1941 on Ansbacher Straße 8a on the 4th floor of the garden house with Anna Sarah Schachnow as a subtenant. She had to do forced labor. She signed the declaration of assets on March 30, 1942, stating savings at the Berliner Stadtbank in the amount of 650 marks. Both Emma Bachrach's savings and the proceeds from the sale of her furniture were confiscated by the regional finance office: On May 12, 1942, the bailiff estimated the value of the inventory at 225 marks and the textiles at 141 marks. From this sum 30% was deducted for the dealer. On June 24, 1942, the furniture and household items were handed over to the Marie Bredow company, 65 Berlin, Müllerstrasse 16, the textiles for DM 98.70 to the Helene Borkowski company, Charlottenburg, Kirchstrasse 11, for 137.50 marks, with the “enclosed payment card for the account of the Oberfinanzdirektion ”. On April 11, 1942, the city bank transferred 650 marks to the regional finance office. Emma Bachrach was deported on the 12th transport on April 2, 1942, together with 1000 people with the destination Trawniki. This transport was dispatched in Moabit and, according to information from the chairman of the Warsaw Jewish Council, Adam Czerniakow, arrived in Warsaw on April 5, 1942, despite the actual destination of Trawniki. The deportees were not housed in the Warsaw Jews' ghetto, but in the “Quarantine Judicial Street”. The place of death of Emma Bachrach is unknown, she is considered lost.
	Georg Beerwald	Stierstrasse 18	July 27, 2008	Georg Beerwald was born on March 22, 1881 in Berlin, the son of the businessman Gustav Beerwald and his wife Minna, née Holz. He was an insurance clerk and married Rosa Weinberger. They lived in Friedenau at Stierstrasse 18 in Gartenhaus II, back left, mezzanine floor. They had a son Rudolf, who was born on September 28, 1910. He was able to emigrate to the USA on February 4, 1941 , his parents were deported to the Minsk ghetto on November 14, 1941, where they were murdered at an unknown time. No deportation lists have been preserved for this transport.
	Rosa Beerwald	Stierstrasse 18	July 27, 2008	Rosa Weinberger was born on August 17, 1886 in Podivin (Kostel) / Hodovin / Moravia as the daughter of travel agent Anton Weinberger and his wife Marie, née Straussler. She married the insurance employee Georg Beerwald, her son Rudolf was born on September 28, 1910. She lived with her husband at Stierstrasse 18 in Gartenhaus II, back left, mezzanine floor. Rosa Beerwald was deported with her husband to the Minsk ghetto on November 14, 1941. She died there at an unknown date. No deportation lists have been preserved for this transport.
	Paul Bendix	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Feb 22, 2020	Franz Martin Paul Bendix was born on December 30, 1870 in Berlin as the son of the actor Martin Bendix and his wife Josephine Wilhelmine Anna, née Schönberner. His brother Martin Franz Felix, born in 1874, died in 1876. The family belonged to the Protestant Church, his father was of Jewish descent, his mother was not, Paul was baptized. Paul Bendix became a composer and humorist, he also edited humorous writings. Together with his father he performed works such as “A visit to the harem”, “A visit to the photographer”, “A visit to the dentist”. He worked for the radio and recorded records, also under the pseudonym Paul Wagener. In his first marriage he married the actress Adelheid Henriette Marie Folger in 1898, in his second marriage in 1920 Rosalie Mathilde Margareta Arnhold, née crowd, and in the third marriage, Paula Karbe, who was born on February 27, 1885 in Lich / Upper Hesse into a Jewish family. In 1928 he lived in Kaiserallee 115, in 1931 Albrechtstraße 38. In 1935 his membership in the Reichsmusikkammer - composers' department - was withdrawn from him. His appeal against this was unsuccessful. He was thus prohibited from any activity in the field of composition. The economic decline intensified, in 1939 he lived with his wife at Naumannstrasse 42 in a two-room apartment. In this difficult situation, he filed for divorce from his “fully Jewish” wife Paula, and moved his furniture and piano into an empty room at Bennigsenstrasse 17 near Crohn, on the front floor of the ground floor. He lived on a monthly pension of 150 marks from the German composers. On May 12, 1943, he had to fill out the property declaration. He emphatically answered the question whether he was a Jew: no, a Protestant mongrel since birth, his last job was for the Berlin radio. He wrote about his marital status: living apart, divorce expected every day, he was the only one living in his household. On May 27, 1943, he received the order with which his property was confiscated for the benefit of the German Reich. On May 28, 1943, Paul Bendix was deported to Theresienstadt, where he died on July 18, 1944.
	Jettka lead white	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Jettka Bleiweiss was born on October 12, 1865 in Schrimm as the daughter of Leib Bleiweiss and his wife Amalie, née Levy. She remained single and moved to Berlin. Most recently she lived as Elly Herz's sub-tenant at Stierstrasse 19, garden house, ground floor. She probably shared the room with Margarete Weil, who was also assigned to Elly Herz as a lodger. On July 23, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt on the 28th Alterstransport and from there to Treblinka on September 26, 1943. She was 76 years old at the time and was probably murdered immediately upon arrival.
	Pauline Blumenthal	Deidesheimer Strasse 6	March 25, 2011	Pauline Hope was born on March 13, 1868 in Freystadt / West Prussia as the youngest of eight children of the Jewish couple Abraham Hope and Rebekka, née Schwarz. She married David Blumenthal, the owner of a felt factory. They moved to Berlin, their son Otto was born in 1897, and their daughter Lotte followed in 1900. David Blumenthal died in 1910. The son Otto fought as a volunteer in the First World War, after the war he studied law. In 1921 the daughter married Lotte and died two years later of puerperal fever. Otto Blumenthal married Hildegard Jablonski in 1922. At the end of the 1920s, Pauline Blumenthal and her widowed sister Ida moved into a small apartment at Deidesheimer Strasse 6. Otto Blumenthal moved to Lake Constance with his wife and son Lorenz, who was born in 1929 , from where the family emigrated to Palestine in 1939 . Pauline's sister Ida was able to emigrate to Brazil , Pauline herself had to move into a so-called “Jewish apartment” at 1 Kufsteiner Strasse. From there Pauline Blumenthal was deported to Theresienstadt on August 27, 1943 with the 51st Alterstransport . She died on April 24, 1943.
	Therese Brasch	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Therese Brasch was born on June 16, 1877 in Lobsens as the daughter of Josef Brasch and his wife Rosa, née Henoch. She married Leo Brasch in Berlin in 1898, who, like her, came from Lobsens. She lived first at Joachimsthaler Strasse 22/23, later in Grunewald, Lassenstrasse 32–34. Her husband died at an unknown date. In 1940 she wrote her will and gave consideration to some family members. She moved to Sentastraße 3 as a subtenant with a guest house to Margarete Eppstein. She no longer filled out the declaration of assets: on March 31, 1942, Therese Brasch decided to flee to her death. Your fortune was confiscated in favor of the German Reich. In the files it was noted: "The Jewess Brasch has evaded emigration". She was buried in the Weissensee Jewish cemetery.
	Emma Brewer	Handjerystraße 2	3rd June 2013	Emma Brauer, b. Frankel, was born in Vienna on November 24, 1873 as an Austrian Jew . She married Bruno Brauer and had two children. Her husband died in 1916. From 1927 she lived in Friedenau with her married daughter at Handjerystraße 2. From March 1942 she sublet in a room at Isoldestraße 6 with Mr. Rothstein, a German Jew. In September 1942, the Gestapo applied for the confiscation of their property: furnishings and, above all, jewelry worth 5,000  marks , including their wedding rings. On September 14, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt on the 2nd Large Age Transport . After 20 months in this camp, she was deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp in what is now Poland on May 16, 1944. Presumably she was murdered there within a few days at the age of 70. Her son Richard (born 1900 in Vienna) was able to flee to Rio de Janeiro in 1937 . Her daughter Gertrude Wienprecht (born 1901) survived because she was married to a non-Jewish German. This was called a "privileged mixed marriage". After the Nazi period she moved to Brazil, but returned to Berlin, living in Schöneberg in 1965. She tried in vain to get compensation from the Federal Republic of Germany for her mother's stolen property.
	Erika von Brockdorff	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 17	May 2006	Erika Countess von Brockdorff was born as Erika Schönfeldt on April 29, 1911 in Kolberg / Pomerania. After completing secondary school, she attended housekeeping school and then worked in Berlin as a domestic servant and secretary. In 1937 she married Cay-Hugo Graf von Brockdorff, their daughter Saskia was born. From 1941 she made her apartment at Wilhelmshöher Straße 17 available to the resistance group around Hans Coppi ( Red Orchestra ). She was arrested on September 16, 1942 and sentenced by the Reich Court Martial to ten years in prison. At the instigation of Adolf Hitler , the sentence was commuted to a death sentence. On May 13, 1943, she was beheaded in Plötzensee.
	Louis Ludwig Broh	Bennigsenstrasse 6	Feb 22, 2020	Louis called Ludwig Broh was born on November 17, 1874 in Schermeisel / Oststernberg / Brandenburg to a Jewish family. He became a grain dealer and moved to Berlin. He married but was divorced again. Whether he had children could not be determined. In Berlin he worked as a sales representative. His income from this was so low that he regularly received support from relatives. The relative was probably the veterinarian Dr. Ludwig Beermann, who was also born in Schermeisel and was the owner of a property in Charlottenburg, Stormstrasse 10. Ludwig Beermann was a Jew and a Freemason and was to be deported; thereupon he chose to flee to death on July 30, 1941. In his will he decreed, among other things, that Ludwig Broh should inherit 500.00 marks. In 1939 Ludwig Broh lived as a subtenant with the non-Jewish Frieda Scholz in Bennigsenstrasse 6 Portal I with two other male subtenants. When he had to submit the declaration of assets on March 30, 1942, he had a credit balance with the Sparkasse der Stadt Berlin in the amount of 581.92 marks, otherwise he had no more property. Ludwig Broh had to pay 175.00 Marks from his savings balance for his “emigration”, so that the Chief Finance President was able to post income of 423.65 Marks as well as a payment of 23.25 Marks from Broh's life insurance, the Frankfurt / Mannheimer . On April 2, 1942, Ludwig Broh was deported to the Warsaw ghetto, where he died at an unknown time.
	Fritz Brummer	Goßlerstrasse 25	June 28, 2010	Fritz Brummer was born on April 7, 1899 in Posen an der Warthe as the son of Leo Brummer and his wife Gertrud née Lewy. He had an older brother Nathan, who died in World War I, and a sister Liselotte, born in 1908. The family moved to Berlin. In 1917 Fritz Brummer was called up for military service and fought until the end of the war. He then passed the Abitur and studied medicine, passed the state examination and received his doctorate. In 1925 he opened a general practice practice. When his mother died in 1926, his widowed father moved in with him at Stubenrauchstrasse 3, where his father died in 1934. Fritz Brummer was still able to avoid being withdrawn from his health insurance license in 1933 because he was a war participant. In 1935 he married the widowed Ilse Hildegard Ruth Weissenberg née Amandi. She brought a son into the marriage, Horst Wolfram, born in 1922. From 1934 the private apartment and the practice were located at Goßlerstrasse 25. In 1938 Fritz Brummer's license to practice medicine was finally withdrawn. Presumably Fritz Brummer was arrested during the Reichspogromnacht and taken to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, in any case he was released on December 16, 1938. From 1940 he worked as a so-called medical practitioner, d. that is, he was only allowed to treat Jewish patients. At the beginning of 1943 Fritz Brummer and his wife Ilse had to move to Kleiststrasse 29 as sub-tenants. From there both were deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943 on the 31st Osttransport. He was murdered on March 21, 1943.
	Use Brummer	Goßlerstrasse 25	June 28, 2010	Ilse Amandi was born on March 9, 1901 in Breslau into a Jewish family. She married a Mr. Weissenberg, her son Horst Wolfram was born in 1922. Her husband died and she remarried in 1935, namely the general practitioner Fritz Brummer. They lived at Goßlerstrasse 25. Since her husband had fought in World War I, his license was not withdrawn in 1933. Presumably her husband was arrested during the events of the Reichspogromnacht and taken to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp ; in any case, he was released from there in December 1938. In 1939 his license to practice medicine was finally withdrawn and he was only allowed to treat Jewish patients. Her son Horst Wolfram was able to survive underground for a while; he finally came to the USA in 1941 . In early 1943, Ilse Brummer and her husband Fritz were forced to move to Kleiststrasse 29 as sub-tenants. From there they were deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943 . The date of her death is unknown.
	Hermann Buchholz	Dickhardtstrasse 15	July 8, 2008	Hermann Hirsch Buchholz was born on April 1, 1869 in Schroda / Posen as the son of the businessman Peter Buchholz and his wife Julia, née Braun. His siblings were Sigismund, born on August 20, 1885, and Emma, ​​born on July 7, 1889. He moved to Berlin and married Ricke Jaraczewer, who gave birth to their son Hans on March 6, 1910. Hermann Buchholz was an independent businessman in the field of women's outerwear. Until 1936 he had a shop in Kreuzberg, Wiener Straße 63 (Blousen-Buchholz), from 1936 one in Steglitz, Rheinstraße 55, most recently with his son Hans as a silent partner. Ricke Buchholz died in 1933. In 1934 Hermann Buchholz moved to Ringstrasse 15 (today: Dickhardtstrasse). During the Reichspogromnacht, two large windows in his shop were destroyed and the shop looted. Hermann Buchholz had to do forced labor, and his son Hans died under unexplained circumstances. On September 10, 1942 he was deported to Theresienstadt, from there on September 29, 1942 to Treblinka, where he was murdered on the day of his arrival. His sister Emma was deported from Nürnbergerstrasse 64 to Riga on January 13, 1942 , and murdered there.
	Emil Buchholz	Dickhardtstrasse 39	July 25, 2008	Emil Buchholz was born on May 17, 1884 in Driewcen. He originally worked as a bricklayer, but from 1910 worked as a health insurance employee. In 1916 he started his work at the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Schöneberg (AOK). In 1904 he joined the SPD , was a member of the consumer cooperative and sat on its supervisory board. In 1933 he was elected a city councilor. Soon afterwards the SPD was banned, his mandate was withdrawn in the course of the “Ordinance on the Security of State Leadership” of July 1933 and his activity as a city and district councilor was prohibited. On September 14, 1933, AOK Schöneberg dismissed him for political reasons. Since the pension he was entitled to had been cut by a quarter, he was forced to work as an insurance agent in the years that followed. Since there was a shortage of workers due to the war, he was re-employed by the AOK in September 1942. In August 1944 Emil Buchholz was arrested as part of the “Thunderstorm” campaign and transferred to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Unlike other detainees, he was not released after a few weeks. The reason for his continued detention can no longer be determined. Shortly before the end of the war, the prisoners were forced to go on a death march to Mecklenburg under the guard of the SS . Shortly before Schwerin, Emil Buchholz either died of exhaustion or was shot by the guards. His date of death was set on April 30, 1945.
	Heinrich Busse	Fregestraße 20	March 28, 2013	Heinrich Busse was born on July 10, 1874 to Jewish parents in Marienwerder. His siblings were Betty, Anna, Ludwig and Maximo. Heinrich Busse married Antonie (Toni), née Bernhard, in 1911, who was born on April 6, 1884 as the daughter of Jewish parents Arnold Bernhard and his wife Emilie née Ottensooser in Nuremberg. They lived in Berlin and had three daughters: Gerda, Erika and Eva Renate. Heinrich Busse initially worked as an advertising manager in a chemical factory. Later he went into business for himself; he became the owner of a wholesaler for carpentry supplies and manufactured furniture fittings. The family was wealthy. In 1925 the family lived in a large apartment at 9 Südwestkorso , and from 1930 in their own house at Fregestraße 20. His brother-in-law, the well-known architect Leo Nachtlicht , helped set up the building . The family probably belonged to a liberal synagogue community. In 1937 the daughter Erika emigrated to Tehran, in April 1939 Eva Renate and Gerda were able to emigrate to England . In November 1939 Toni and Heinrich Busse had to move out and sell the house, they lived in various apartments that they could sublet. After Toni Busse was arrested and deported as part of the factory campaign at the end of February 1943, Heinrich Busse evaded arrest: he escaped through a window in the ground floor apartment and survived underground in Berlin. He died in New York in 1958 .
	Toni Busse	Fregestraße 20	March 28, 2013	Antonie (Toni) Bernhard was born on April 6, 1884 in Nuremberg as the daughter of her Jewish parents Arnold Bernhard and his wife Emilie née Ottensooser. She married Heinrich Busse, who was born on July 10, 1874 in Marienwerder to a Jewish family. They had three daughters: Gerda, Erika and Eva Renate. Initially the family lived on Südwestkorso 9, from 1930 in their own house at Fregestraße 20. Erika emigrated to Tehran in 1937 , in April 1939 Eva Renate and Gerda were able to emigrate to England . In November 1939 Toni and Heinrich Busse had to move out, they lived in different apartments as sub-tenants. Toni Busse had to do forced labor at the Schuchhardt company that made telephones. At the end of February 1943 Toni Busse was arrested as part of the factory action and deported to Auschwitz on March 3, 1943 via the Levetzowstrasse collection point . Presumably she was murdered immediately upon arrival.
	Johanna Caspary	Varziner Strasse 13/14	Nov 16, 2015	Johanna Isaac was born in Berlin on June 24, 1886 as the daughter of the businessman Aron Isaac and his wife Rebecca, née Cohn. She became a travel agent and lived with her parents at Varzinerstrasse 8. On January 26, 1916, she married Felix Fawel Caspary and moved in with him at Varzinerstrasse 13/14. In May 1941 Johanna Caspary and her sister-in-law Rosa Sachs, who also lived there, and her husband Simon Sachs had to give up the apartment and move into two empty rooms in the same house as Jacob Mokry. An SS man and his family moved into their previous apartment. Johanna Caspary had to work as a forced laborer at Siemens & Halske in Spandau, Zitadellenweg. Her husband Felix died on August 10, 1941. When she submitted the declaration of assets in April 1943, the main tenant Jakob Mokry had already been deported. The confiscation order was sent to her on April 16, 1943 at the collection point at Große Hamburger Strasse 26. It was not necessary to vacate the room: in June 1943 the apartment was occupied again. Johanna Caspary was deported to Auschwitz on April 19, 1943, and murdered there.
	Therese Chrzanowski	Albestrasse 10	3rd June 2017	Therese Chrzanowski was born on January 11, 1882 in Graudenz / West Prussia as the daughter of Leopold Chrzanowski and his first wife. From her father's marriage, she had an older brother, Gustav, and a younger sister, Charlotte. In her second marriage, her father married the non-Jewish Ida Bieber. Their child Frieda was born in 1897, the youngest daughter Herta in 1904. Therese Chrzanowski remained single and moved to Berlin. We do not know whether she learned or practiced a profession. Her half-sister Frieda became an accountant and lived on Rheinstrasse. In 1939 Therese Chrzanowski lived as a subtenant with the Jewish couple Martin and Olga Glück at Albestraße 10. From there she was deported on October 18, 1941 to the ghetto in Litzmannstadt, where she died on May 6, 1942. Her brother Gustav Chrzanowski, who had been director in Vienna, was able to flee to England and from there fought for the Polish Armed Forces as a rifleman. Her half-sister Frieda Chrzanowski was deported to Riga on October 26, 1942, and murdered there. Her sister Charlotte Chrzanowski-Baer survived, the fate of her half-sister Hertha could not be determined.
	Auguste Cohn	Saarstrasse 8	March 21, 2017	Auguste Cohn was born on April 7, 1872 in Gniezno (Gnesen) / Poland as the daughter of Mendel Cohn and his wife Johanna. Her siblings were Simon, Jettka and Bertha. Auguste, Simon and Jettka moved to Berlin, Simon was a businessman by trade, Auguste had no job and presumably ran the household for her brother. From 1932 Simon, Auguste and the widowed Jettka lived in a 4-room apartment at Saarstrasse 8 in Friedenau. At the instigation of Albert Speer's planning office, the siblings had to move to Eisenacher Straße 69 VH Aufgang 2 hptr on June 1, 1942. move to Bernhard Simon as a subtenant on the right. Jettka Wels died on July 6, 1942, on August 9, 1942 Auguste Cohn and her brother Simon had to file the so-called lists H. fill in the declaration of assets. On August 17, 1942, Auguste and Simon Cohn were deported to Theresienstadt via the collection point at Große Hamburger Straße 26 on the 1st major transport for the elderly. In Theresienstadt they lived in nearby rooms: Simon in B IV, Floor D, Room 16 and Auguste there, room 19. Auguste and Simon both died on August 31, 1942, 14 days after their arrival in Theresienstadt. Auguste died at 11:15 a.m., Simon at 1:10 p.m., the cause of death is given in both cases: enteritis (intestinal catarrh), debilitas cordis (weak heart).
	Bernhard Cohn	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Bernhard Cohn was born on May 9, 1885 in Leschnitz (Bergstadt) / Groß Strehlitz to Jewish parents. In 1921 he married Minna Oelsner, born on August 4, 1899 in Breslau. Bernhard Cohn was a pharmacist. On 8./9. He was arrested in November 1938 and imprisoned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp until December 2, 1938 . He lived with his wife at Stierstrasse 20 (front building, 3rd floor) from March 1942. They shared the apartment with the Löwenthal couple and their two sons. Bernhard Cohn was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, and murdered there, his wife Minna was also deported to Auschwitz on March 4, 1943.
	Franz Cohn	Varziner Strasse 4	6 Dec 2019	Franz Alexander Cohn came to Graudenz on September 30, 1897 as the son of the general practitioner Dr. Samuel Cohn and his wife Elsbeth born Herzfeld. After graduating from high school, he studied philosophy at the University of Marburg and received his doctorate in 1923 with the thesis "Novalis and the Gothic culture". He moved to Berlin and married Frida Bier. Their daughter Ruth was born on September 24, 1925. Franz Cohn worked as a bookseller: from 1927 to 1930 he had an antiquarian bookstore at Kaiserallee 177 (today Bundesallee), from 1930 to 1934 at Worpsweder Strasse 7, and then he had a bookstore at Fregestrasse 80 until 1937. He lived privately at Varziner Straße 4, but this address was only for his wife Fridel with a stamp shop in the address book, but the 1939 census and the deportation list refer to this address. With the 22nd Eastern Transport he was deported to Riga on October 26, 1942 via the Levetzowstrasse collection point. Like most of the people on this transport, he was probably shot in the surrounding woods immediately after his arrival on October 29, 1942.
	Frieda Cohn	Varziner Strasse 4	6 Dec 2019	Frida Bier was born on July 16, 1905 in Berlin as the daughter of the businessman Moses Max Bier and his wife Deborah, née Tannenbaum. She married Dr. Franz Cohn and their daughter Ruth were born on September 24, 1925. Her husband worked as a bookseller: from 1927 to 1930 he had an antiquarian bookstore at Kaiserallee 177 (today Bundesallee), from 1930 to 1934 at Worpsweder Strasse 7, and then he had a bookstore at Fregestrasse 80 until 1937. They lived privately at Varziner Strasse 4, but this address was only for Fridel Cohn with a stamp store in the address book. Obviously Fridel Cohn was trying to earn something. From August 25, 1941 to May 17, 1943, she did forced labor at the Siemens & Schuckert works in the Wernerwerk. Her husband was deported to Riga on October 26, 1942, Frida Cohn himself was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943 during the factory operation, the date of her death is unknown. Her daughter Ruth was deported to Auschwitz two days later. The shop at Varziner Strasse 4 was cleared on May 17, 1943.
	Ruth Cohn	Varziner Strasse 4	6 Dec 2019	Ruth Cohn came to Berlin on September 24, 1925 as the daughter of the bookseller Dr. Franz Cohn and his wife Frida born beer. Her family lived at Varziner Strasse 4. Her father ran a bookstore or bookstore, and her mother ran a stamp shop, presumably from the apartment. She was 17 years old when she was deported to Auschwitz on March 3, 1943 as part of the factory campaign. The date of her death is unknown.
	Minna Cohn	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Minna Oelsner was born on August 14, 1899 in Breslau to Jewish parents. She married the pharmacist Bernhard Cohn. From March 1942, Minna and Bernhard Cohn lived at Stierstrasse 20 in the front building, 3rd floor, together with the Löwenstein couple and their two sons. Minna Cohn was deported to Auschwitz on March 4, 1943 and murdered there.
	Simon Cohn	Saarstrasse 8	March 21, 2017	Simon Cohn was born on November 2, 1868 in Gniezno (Gnesen) / Poland as the son of Mendel Cohn and his wife Johanna, his sisters were Auguste, Jettka and Bertha. Auguste, Simon and Jettka moved to Berlin, Simon was a businessman by profession, from 1932 Simon, Auguste and the widowed Jettka lived in a 4-room apartment at Saarstrasse 8 in Friedenau. At the instigation of Albert Speer's planning office, the siblings had to move to Eisenacher Straße 69 VH Aufgang 2 hptr on June 1, 1942. move to Bernhard Simon as a subtenant on the right. Jettka Wels died on July 6, 1942; on August 9, 1942, Simon and Auguste Cohn had to submit the so-called lists, i.e. H. fill in the declaration of assets. On August 17, 1942, Simon and Auguste Cohn were deported to Theresienstadt via the collection point at Große Hamburger Straße 26 on the 1st major transport for the elderly. In Theresienstadt they lived in nearby rooms: Simon in B IV, Floor D, Room 16 and Auguste there, room 19. Simon and Auguste died on August 31, 1942, 14 days after their arrival in Theresienstadt. Auguste died at 11:15 a.m., Simon at 1:10 p.m., the cause of death is given in both cases: enteritis (intestinal catarrh), debilitas cordis (weak heart).
	Lina Crohn	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Nov 2, 2010	Lina Tausk was born on February 12, 1887 in Berlin as the daughter of the dyework owner Berthold Tausk and his wife Elisabeth, née Marcuse. She married the businessman Richard Crohn, the children were born: Robert in 1925 and Thomas in 1928. The family lived at Meinekestrasse 12a until 1937, and in 1938 they moved to Bennigsenstrasse 17. Lina's brother Max Tausk moved in with them; on March 6, 1943, Lina Crohn was deported to Auschwitz, along with her son Thomas and her brother Max, on the 35th Osttransport, and murdered there. Her husband Richard and her son Robert were deported to Auschwitz a few days earlier and murdered.
	Richard Crohn	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Nov 2, 2010	Richard Crohn was born on August 14, 1876 in Berlin to Moritz Crohn and his wife Olga, nee Hahn. He married Lina Tausk. Richard Crohn was a businessman. The family lived at Meinekestrasse 12a, the sons Robert and Thomas were born in 1925 and 1928. In 1937, Richard Crohn stated in the address book that he was selling jewelry. In 1938 the family moved to Bennigsenstrasse 17. Richard Crohn now called his job “commission agent”. On March 2, 1943, Richard Crohn was deported to Auschwitz. The date of his death is unknown.
	Robert Crohn	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Nov 2, 2010	Robert Crohn was born on October 17, 1925 in Berlin as the son of Richard Crohn and his wife Lina nee Tausk. He had a brother Thomas who was born in 1928. His father Richard was a merchant, he traded in jewelry goods. The family initially lived at Meinekestrasse 12a, in 1938 they moved to Bennigsenstrasse 17. On March 1, 1943, Robert Crohn, who was then 17 years old, was deported to Auschwitz alone without his parents and brother and murdered there at an unknown date .
	Thomas Crohn	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Nov 2, 2010	Thomas Crohn was born on January 3, 1928 in Berlin as the son of Richard Crohn and his wife Lina nee Tausk. He had a brother Robert who was born in 1925. His father was a merchant, he traded in jewelry goods. The family initially lived at Meinekestrasse 12a, in 1938 they moved to Bennigsenstrasse 17. His brother Robert was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, his father Richard on March 2, 1943. Thomas and his mother Lina Crohn were deported to Auschwitz on March 6, 1943, where they were murdered at an unknown date. He was only 15 years old.
	Bertha van Damm	Handjerystraße 3	3rd June 2013	Bertha Michel was born on June 28, 1864 in Neustadt an der Warthe (then: Province of Posen ) as the daughter of the merchant Julius Leiser Michel and his wife Hermine (?) Nee Radt. She married the bank clerk Martin van Damm in 1892. She had lived at Handjerystraße 3 since 1936, when she was already widowed. At the time of her deportation from her home, on September 14, 1942, she was 78 years old. Her property stolen by the regional finance office in the name of the German Reich was estimated at 300  marks . The house liquidation company received a discount of 30% of the estimated value. Gasag bills of 2 marks and Bewag of 8.80 marks were paid out of the net amount . The deportation enabled the responsible pension fund to stop the monthly pension payments of 240 marks. Bertha van Damm was one of 1,000 other Jews who, except for the clothes on their bodies and the contents of a travel suitcase, were robbed by the authorities of the German Reich and deported to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942 on the second large elderly transport. 14 weeks after her arrival in the Theresienstadt ghetto, on December 28, 1942, Bertha van Damm died of the inhumane conditions, according to the death report of Rotlauf .
	Jenny Eckersdorff	Illstrasse 2	Nov 16, 2015	Jenny London was born on January 17, 1873 in Breslau as the daughter of Emanuel London and his wife Jertha nee Levy, their sister Rebecca Margarethe was born in 1875. She married the businessman Max Eckersdorff; When their son Karl Sigismund was born on October 7, 1896, they lived in Berlin at Hagelberger Strasse 23. Jenny Eckersdorff was a Protestant. Her husband Max probably died in World War I because she was receiving a war survivor's pension. In 1937 she lived as a lodger in Krummhübel / Hirschberg district. Then she moved to Berlin to live with her sister-in-law Ottilie (Tilly) Eckersdorff at Illstrasse 2. Tilly Eckersdorff was a private secretary and bank clerk, and she managed to emigrate to the USA. Jenny Eckersdorff had to move into a so-called Jewish apartment at Heilbronner Strasse 6 near Manasse. On January 30, 1943, she had to move again to Spichernstrasse 17, Gartenhaus III zu Salinger. From there she was deported to Theresienstadt on March 17, 1943 and on to Auschwitz on May 16, 1944. The date of her death is unknown. Nothing could be learned about the fate of their son Karl Sigismund Eckersdorff.
	Rosalie Efrem	Moselstrasse 9	Nov 29, 2013	Rosalie Efrem was born on September 30, 1866 to Jewish parents in Reinersdorf / Silesia. She remained single and had lived at Moselstrasse 9 since 1900. Nothing could be determined about her occupation. On October 3, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt, where she died on January 11, 1943. Cardiac muscle degeneration was given as the cause of death.
	Margarete Eppstein	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Margarete Mahn was born on June 29, 1868 in Breslau as the daughter of the businessman Isidor Mahn and his wife Flora, nee Teichmann. She married the chief engineer Georg Eppstein. Since the beginning of the 1930s the couple lived in the house Sentastraße 3, front building, 1st floor on the left, in a 5-room apartment. In May 1939, her daughter Käthe Gorzelanczyk lived there with her husband Siegbert, their son Hans, Käthe's daughter Ingeborg from her first marriage and Selma Friedmann as a subtenant. Georg Eppstein died in December 1940. Another subtenant who moved in later, Therese Brasch, chose to flee to her death in March 1942 after receiving the deportation notice; the subtenant Selma Friedmann followed her at the beginning of July 1942. In September 1942 Margarete Eppstein received the deportation notice with the request to fill out the declaration of assets. She received the notification that her property was confiscated in favor of the German Reich in the assembly camp at Große Hamburger Straße 86. On September 9, 1942, Margarete Eppstein was deported to Theresienstadt at the age of 74 and from there on September 29, 1942 to Treblinka and murdered.
	Berta Ert	Handjerystraße 29	3rd June 2013	Berta Perlstein was born on December 20, 1895 in Gudensberg / Hessen-Nassau as the daughter of Bernhard and Jacobine Perlstein. In 1919 she married the butcher Max Ert. It was his second marriage; his first wife Veilchen, née Poppelmann, had given birth to their son Herbert on December 17, 1909 in Hamburg and died in September 1918. Berta Ert became a partner in her husband's butcher shop at 25 Sybelstrasse; she was an able and popular business woman. After moving to Handjerystrasse, Berta became a voluntary committee member of the Jewish community in Stierstrasse. The daughter Hanna was born on January 17, 1921. Berta Ert was deported to Auschwitz on August 24, 1943, together with her husband Max Ert and her daughter Hanna, where they were murdered.
	Hanna Ert	Handjerystraße 29	3rd June 2013	Hanna Ert was born on January 17, 1921 in Berlin as the daughter of the butcher Max Ert and his wife Berta née Perlstein. She first went to a community school in Sybelstrasse, then to the Fürstin-Bismarck-Schule in Charlottenburg, which she had to leave in 1936 - presumably because she was Jewish. She worked as a saleswoman for a Jewish company, the department store N. Israel, Spandauer Damm / corner of Rathausstrasse. On August 24, 1943, she and her parents were deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Herbert Ert	Handjerystraße 29	3rd June 2013	Herbert Ert was born on December 17, 1909 in Berlin as the son of the butcher Max Ert and his wife Veilchen, née Poppelmann. He was a bank clerk at the banking house Hoffmann & Wechsler, then a civil servant in Munich. He may have been released in 1934 or 1937 on “racial” grounds. In 1938 he worked as a laborer at a company on Kurfürstendamm in Berlin, later as a driver (his last job, probably forced labor) in Spandau. Since August 1940 he has been sublet with his father and his second wife at Handjerystraße 29. Herbert Ert was married to Irma, née Paul. Nothing is known about their fate. Herbert Ert was deported to Auschwitz on April 18, 1944 .
	Max Ert	Handjerystraße 29	3rd June 2013	Max Ert was born on February 19, 1881 in Hanover as the son of Emanuel Ert and his wife Henriette nee Meir. He became a butcher and married Veilchen Poppelmann. She gave birth to a son Herbert on December 17, 1909 in Hamburg. After Veilchen Ert died in 1918, Max Ert married Berta Perlstein in 1919. She became a partner in his butcher shop on Sybelstrasse in Charlottenburg. The family then moved to Handjerystrasse. On August 24, 1943 he was presumably (the transport lists are not completely preserved) with the 41st Transport Berlin Jews, together with his wife and daughter Hanna, deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Käthe Ewarth	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Käthe Fränkel was born on May 22, 1895 in Landsberg / Warthe into a Jewish family. She married the lawyer Otto Ewarth, who became the first public prosecutor in Berlin. He was retired in 1935. Otto and Käthe Ewarth moved to Stierstrasse 19 on February 1, 1940. On January 29, 1943, she and her husband were deported to Auschwitz, where they were murdered at an unknown date.
	Otto Ewarth	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Otto Ewarth was born on August 15, 1878 in Wangrowotz / Poland to Jewish parents. He studied law and became the first public prosecutor in Berlin. He married Käthe Fränkel. In 1935 he was retired. Otto Ewarth and his wife moved to Stierstrasse 19 on February 1, 1940. On January 29, 1943, he and his wife were deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Ella Feldheim	Sentastraße 3	May 10, 2016	Ella Pappenheim was born on November 11, 1882 in Eschwege / Hessen-Nassau as the ninth child of her father, the businessman Louis Lazarus Pappenheim and the fourth child from his second marriage to Emma (Emine), nee Schierling. On August 3, 1903, Ella Pappenheim married the merchant David Richard Feldheim, they moved to Chemnitz and on June 4, 1904 their daughter Irma was born. Irma married Paul Davids, they had a daughter, Susi, who escaped in 1939 on a Kindertransport first to Brussels and then to England . Richard Feldheim died on June 22, 1939, he was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Chemnitz. His widow Ella Feldheim moved to Berlin, in 1942 she was initially a subtenant with Margarete Eppstein at Sentastraße 3, in September 1942 she had to move to Gorzelanczyk at Frobenstraße 27 as a subtenant. From there she was deported to Auschwitz on December 14, 1942.
	Amalie Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	Amalie Guttmann was born on June 7th in Hultschin / Ratibor as the daughter of the businessman Moritz Josef Guttmann and his wife Marie, née Mosler. She became a milliner and on January 6, 1888, married the teacher Dr. Leo Fernbach. The children were born: David Ernst Friedrich on October 3, 1888, Ruth Angelika on September 8, 1889, Anna on October 1, 1890 and Hans on August 10, 1893. All family members had been baptized since 1906. Since 1915 the family lived in Friedenau, Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24, in a five and a half room apartment. Her husband Leo was appointed professor and retired in 1924. Amalie Fernbach was deported to Theresienstadt on October 3, 1942 with her husband and son Hans, where Leo died on October 23, 1942, Amalie on November 12, 1942, allegedly of "old age". Hans was further deported to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was murdered. The stumbling blocks were laid in the presence of family members from the USA.
	Anna Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	Anna Fernbach came to Berlin on October 1, 1890 as the daughter of the teacher Dr. Leo Fernbach and his wife Amalie gave birth to Guttmann. She had three siblings: David Ernst Friedrich (1888), Ruth Angelika (1889) and Hans (1893). Anna became an infant nurse, remained single and continued to live with her parents. Presumably she had to do forced labor. On January 12, 1943, she and her sister Ruth Angelika were deported from Bozener Strasse 9 to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where they were murdered at an unknown date.
	Ernst Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	David Ernst Fernbach was born on October 3, 1888 in Berlin as the first child of his parents, the teacher Leo Fernbach and his wife Amalie, born Guttmann. He became a tax advisor and married the non-Jewish Lilly Linders. They lived in Pirna from 1923, where their twins Inge and Jörg were born on July 19, 1924. From 1933 David Ernst was banned from working as a tax advisor. During a visit to Berlin in 1936 he fell ill and died in hospital. He hadn't had his kidney disease treated for lack of money. His wife Lilly spent the war with her children in Cuxhaven; after the war the children emigrated to the USA.
	Hans Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	Hans Fernbach came to Berlin on August 10, 1893 as the son of the teacher Dr. Leo Fernbach and his wife Amalie nee Guttmann to the world. He had three older siblings: David Ernst Friedrich (1888), Ruth Angelika (1889) and Anna (1890). Hans Fernbach studied medicine and became a pediatrician; he worked in Leipzig. In 1933 he was banned from working as a doctor. He moved back to live with his parents and siblings. On October 3, 1942, he and his parents were deported to Theresienstadt. First his father died there, then his mother. On January 23, 1943, he himself was further deported to Auschwitz, where he was murdered at an unknown date.
	Leo Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	Leo Fernbach was born on January 18, 1859 in Berlin as the son of the lending librarian David Fernbach and his wife Henriette nee Salinger. He studied philosophy and became a teacher. On January 6, 1888, he married the milliner Amalie Guttmann. The children were born: David Ernst Friedrich on October 3, 1888, Ruth Angelika on September 8, 1889, Anna on October 1, 1890 and Hans on August 10, 1893. All family members had been baptized since 1906. Since 1915 the family lived in Friedenau, Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24, in a five and a half room apartment. Leo Fernbach was a senior teacher, he was appointed professor and retired in 1924. Dr. Leo Fernbach was deported to Theresienstadt on October 3, 1942 with his wife and son Hans, where he was murdered on October 23, 1942. The stumbling blocks were laid in the presence of family members from the USA.
	Ruth Angelika Fernbach	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 24	6 Dec 2019	Ruth Angelika Fernbach came to Berlin on September 8, 1889 as the daughter of the teacher Dr. Leo Fernbach and his wife Amalie gave birth to Guttmann. Her siblings were David Ernst Friedrich (1888), Anna (1890) and Hans (1893). Ruth Angelika Fernbach became a music teacher, remained single and continued to live with her parents. She was banned from working as a Jewish teacher in 1933. On January 12, 1943, she and her sister Anna were deported from Bozener Strasse 9 to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered at an unknown date.
	Flora Freyer	Stierstrasse 18	July 7, 2008	Flora Lewinsky married Freyer was born on October 15, 1863 in Preußisch Stargard / West Prussia. She had a daughter named Pauline and a son named Leo. She was deported to Theresienstadt on September 21, 1942 , where she was murdered on February 22, 1944. Her daughter Pauline was deported to Auschwitz on March 3, 1943 and murdered, her son Leo was able to escape to the USA via Holland with his wife Eva, née Lichtenstein, and two daughters .
	Pauline Freyer	Stierstrasse 18	July 7, 2008	Pauline Freyer was born on September 14, 1895 in Lyck, Allenstein / East Prussia, the daughter of Flora Lewinsky and her husband Freyer. Since 1932 Pauline lived with her widowed mother in Friedenau, Stierstraße 18, garden house, mezzanine floor, in a 2-room apartment. She worked in a factory until she was hired as a slave laborer in a chain factory. Her mother was deported to Theresienstadt on September 21, 1942 , she died there on February 22, 1944. Pauline was deported to Auschwitz on March 3, 1943 as part of the factory action and murdered there. Her brother Leo was able to emigrate to the USA via Holland in 1939 with his wife Eva, née Lichtenstein, and two daughters.
	Siegfried Friedeberg	Brünnhildestrasse 8	June 16, 2010	Siegfried Friedeberg was born on March 6, 1876 in Treuenbrietzen into a Jewish family. He was an export merchant and had lived with his family at Brünnhildestrasse 8 since 1920. He was married to a non-Jewish woman, and his daughter, born in 1928, was brought up as a Christian, so that he was relatively protected by the so-called “privileged mixed marriage”. The daughter was able to escape to England after the November pogrom, presumably with a Kindertransport. Nothing could be determined about the fate of his wife. Siegfried Friedeberg had to take in Jewish lodgers in his apartment in the front building on the first floor: Irma Schulz and the couple Käthe and Simon Hochland. The Hochland couple were deported before Siegfried Friedeberg, but survived Theresienstadt . Irma Schulz was also deported from Siegfried Friedeberg; he himself had to travel to Theresienstadt on January 10, 1944 with the 99th Alterstransport. He died there on November 19, 1944.
	Elfriede Friedemann	Stierstrasse 19	March 19, 2014	Elfriede Frank was born on June 29, 1878 in Brandenburg as the daughter of the brickworks owner Julius Frank and his wife Johanna nee Joel. She married the lawyer Gustav Friedemann, and their daughter Susanne was born in 1906. The family lived on Potsdamer Strasse, where her husband, now Counselor Gustav Friedemann, lawyer and notary, also had his office. When Gustav Friedemann died in 1933, she moved with her daughter and her husband, Botho Holländer, to the house she owned at Stierstrasse 19. Shortly before the deportation, Elfriede Friedemann went into hiding. She left a letter announcing her suicide. The Gestapo then reported her to the residents' registration office with the note “SM” (for suicide). With the help of the Württemberg parsonage chain, Elfriede Friedemann was able to survive. She died in Berlin in 1979. Her daughter Susanne also survived underground.
	Else Friedemann	Cosimaplatz 5	Oct 16, 2014	Else Marcuse was born on October 23, 1892 in Fiddichow / Pomerania as the daughter of her Jewish parents Isaac Marcuse and his wife Agnes née Jacobson. She had an older sister Margarete. Else Marcuse moved to Berlin and married the Jewish bookseller Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Friedemann there. They met in a bookstore on Kantstrasse . Two daughters were born: on September 12, 1921 Ruth Gisela and on October 26, 1922 Ursula Brigitte. The family lived at Brünnhildestrasse 1 at the time and belonged to the Protestant community, Else Friedemann was baptized in 1939. With Else's dowry, the family bought a bookstore, but it perished during the inflationary period. In 1932 the company moved from Brünnhildestrasse to the house at Cosimaplatz 5 in a 2-room apartment on the ground floor. Friedrich Friedemann was able to support his family by working as an antiquarian until 1935. When he was expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer in 1935, this no longer succeeded; he tried to earn money as a construction worker. But then he had to do forced labor at the Pertrix works in Niederschöneweide. Else Friedemann also had to do forced labor at Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabrik AG in Borsigwalde . In 1939 Ursula Brigitte was able to flee to England with the help of the Quakers . Else Friedemann initiated the divorce from Friedrich Friedemann for unknown reasons; it was pronounced at the end of March 1942. On April 2, 1942, the divorced Friedemanns were deported together to the Warsaw ghetto, where they perished at an unknown time. Immediately after the deportation, the daughter Ruth married her friend Manfred Kaliski. Both were deported on April 14, 1942 from the apartment at 5 Cosimaplatz.
	Friedrich Friedemann	Cosimaplatz 5	Oct 16, 2014	Friedrich Friedemann was born on December 23, 1889 in Köslin to his Jewish parents Louis Friedemann and Bertha, née Frank. He attended the royal high school in Köslin, after graduating from high school he studied law, first in Halle, then in Berlin and Greifswald . Before he could graduate, the First World War began . He became a soldier and fought in a hunter battalion until the end of the war. He was wounded twice, one seriously. After the war he tried to complete his law studies in Berlin with the help of his uncle, the judicial advisor Gustav Friedemann, but he did not succeed. Since he was well-read, he started working in a bookstore on Kantstrasse. It was there that he met his wife, Else Marcuse. They married, two daughters were born: Ruth Gisela on September 12, 1921 and Ursula Brigitte on October 26, 1922. The family lived at Brünnhildestrasse 1. The couple had bought a bookstore with Else's dowry , but it closed during the period of inflation underlying. Friedrich Friedemann was able to support his family by working as an antiquarian until 1935. When he was expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer in 1935, this no longer succeeded; he tried to earn money as a construction worker. But then he had to do forced labor at the Pertrix works in Niederschöneweide. Ursula Brigitte was able to emigrate to England in 1939 with the help of the Quakers . Else Friedemann divorced him for unknown reasons: the divorce was pronounced at the end of March 1942. On April 2, 1942, Friedrich and Else Friedemann were deported together to the Warsaw ghetto, where they perished at an unknown point in time.
	Hedwig Friedländer	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Hedwig Friedländer was born on December 22nd, 1880 in Berlin as the daughter of the agent Louis Friedländer and his wife Friederike, née Kirstein. All we know about her is that she was single and that she moved into the apartment of tenants Elly and Salomon Schlome at Brünnhildestrasse 3 in Friedenau in 1941 as a subtenant. On June 2, 1942, she was deported to Sobibor on the 14th Berlin Osttransport, where she was murdered at an unknown date.
	Selma Friedmann	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Selma Levy / Lewy was born on December 1, 1861 in Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains , today's Jelenia Góra, as the daughter of her Jewish parents. Her father's name was Julius Lewy and her mother Rosa was born Nehemias. On November 13, 1884, she married the general practitioner Susskind Friedmann (born on January 12, 1851 in Tremessen district of Mogilno ; died in Berlin in 1926) and took her husband's name. They had three children, Elly Julia (born on October 17, 1885 in Berlin, married Heller, murdered on October 7, 1942 in Auschwitz), Kurt Julius (born on August 2, 1887 in Berlin) and Paul Hermann (born on August 13, 1942) February 1889 in Berlin). At the census in May 1939, she was subtenant with Margarete and Georg Eppstein at Sentastraße 3 in Friedenau. An official entry in Margarete Eppstein's declaration of assets records July 4, 1942 as the date of death. At the age of almost 81, Selma Friedmann fled to her death in the face of imminent deportation. Selma Friedmann was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Weißensee in grave field T1 in row 11.
	Johanna Galewski	Stierstrasse 20	Oct 21, 2011	Johanna Cohn was born on May 1, 1873 in Berlin as the daughter of the businessman Mendel Abraham Cohn and his wife Ernestine nee Krause. She married Emil Galewski for the second time. She was probably already widowed when she lived at Stierstrasse 20 in 1939. She had to move out again and move to Wielandstrasse 27 as a subtenant to Levy. On July 15, 1942, she had to submit the declaration of assets, and on July 23, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt . From there she was deported to Treblinka on September 26, 1942 and presumably murdered immediately.
	Ilse Glaser	Ortrudstrasse 7	Nov 25, 2011	Ilse Silbermann was born on June 30, 1903 in Berlin as the daughter of the architect Siegfried Silbermann and his wife Margarethe nee Mossner. She married Siegfried Glaser, who ran a grain and feed trade. The family lived at Ortrudstrasse 7 in Friedenau. Siegfried Glaser died on May 24, 1941 and was buried in the Weissensee Jewish Cemetery. Ilse Glaser was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, and murdered there. The date of her death is unknown.
	Martin luck	Albestrasse 10	3rd June 2017	Martin Glück was born on June 12, 1886 in Breslau as the son of Josef Glück and his wife Maria, née Saul. He also had a brother Ludwig. He became a bank clerk and married Olga Liebler on April 15, 1920 in Berlin. It could not be determined whether Martin and Olga had lucky children. In 1931 the couple lived at Kulmbacher Strasse 15, and in the mid-1930s they moved to Albestrasse 10. When Martin Glück lost his job at a bank, he tried to earn a living as a broker. They also rented three rooms in their apartment, one to Therese Chrzanowski and two to the non-Jewish Margarete Sender with her sons Werner and Gerhard. On October 18, 1941, Olga and Martin Glück were deported to the ghetto in Litzmannstadt. Martin Glück died there on March 15, 1942, Olga Glück was deported to the Kulmhof concentration camp on May 8, 1942, where she was murdered immediately upon arrival.
	Olga luck	Albestrasse 10	3rd June 2017	Olga Liebler was born on February 13, 1888 in Leipzig as the daughter of the businessman Eduard Liebler and his wife Helene, née Blumenfeld. She married the bank clerk Martin Glück on April 15, 1920. It could not be determined whether she had children. In 1931 the couple lived at Kulmbacher Strasse 15, and in the mid-1930s they moved to Albestrasse 10. When Martin Glück lost his job at a bank, he tried to earn a living as a broker. They also rented three rooms in their apartment, one to Therese Chrzanowski and two to the non-Jewish Margarete Sender with her sons Werner and Gerhard. On October 18, 1941, Olga and Martin Glück were deported to the ghetto in Litzmannstadt. Martin Glück died there on March 15, 1942. Olga Glück was deported to the Kulmhof concentration camp on May 8, 1942, where she was murdered immediately upon arrival.
	Abraham Goldberg	Taunusstrasse 20	Sep 2007	Abraham Goldberg was born on April 20, 1881 in Cracow to the business traveler Salomon Leib Goldberg and his wife Gina (?) Nee Fingerhut. He moved to Berlin and married Hedwig Nathan, who was born in Berlin on November 10, 1886. He was a sales representative and lived with his wife at Taunusstraße 20. Before 1933 he called himself Adolf instead of Abraham. In 1939 his brother-in-law Michaelis Nathan, who was also a representative, lived with them. On November 17, 1941, he and his wife Hedwig were deported to Kovno; when they arrived there, all of the transport participants were shot on November 25, 1941, including Hedwig and Abraham Goldberg. Stumbling blocks are only for Abraham Goldberg and Michaelis Nathan, not for Hedwig Goldberg.
	Minna Goldberg	Stubenrauchstrasse 63	March 25, 2011	Minna Glass was born on December 4, 1881 in Raschkow / Posen to a Jewish family. She had a younger sister, Jenny. Minna Glass got married and was now called "Goldberg". She lived in Berlin-Friedenau, Stubenrauchstrasse 63 and was widowed. Her sister Jenny had married the merchant Julius Rosenthal and lived with him at Stubenrauchstrasse 11. When Minna Goldberg had to give up her apartment at Stubenrauchstrasse 63, she moved in with her sister and her brother-in-law. From there she was deported to Warsaw on April 14, 1942. The date of her death is unknown.
	Hans Gorzelanczyk	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Hans Gorzelanczyk was born on May 16, 1929 in Velten as the son of Siegbert Gorzelanczyk and his wife Käthe, née Eppstein, widowed Jacob. In 1933 the family, to which Ingeborg Jacob, a daughter of his mother's first marriage, belonged, was already living again in Wilmersdorf on Bernhardstrasse. For a short time, his father ran a tobacco shop opposite the entrance to the Bundesplatz S-Bahn station. But in 1934 he had already lost it again, and they had to give up the Bernhardstrasse apartment as well. After a short time in Stierstrasse, they finally found refuge with Käthe's parents in Sentastrasse 3. In 1940, Käthe's father died; Her mother Margarete Eppstein was deported to Theresienstadt in September 1942 , then the Sentastraße apartment also had to be vacated: At the end of September 1942 the family moved to Frobenstraße 27. Siegbert Gorzelanczyk performed forced labor in the textile factory with Ella Feldheim, his parents' former subtenant Zehlendorf . On December 14, 1942, Ella Feldheim was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. Käthe and Siegbert Gorzelanczyk had to sign the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943, and on the same day they were abducted together with their son Hans to the collection point Levetzowstraße 8 as part of the factory campaign . There the confiscation order was served on them. On March 1, 1943, Käthe's daughter Ingeborg Jacob was deported to Auschwitz at the age of almost 18 ; Käthe, Siegbert and Hans Gorzelanczyk followed her to Auschwitz on March 2, 1943, where they were all murdered at an unknown date. Hans Gorzelanczyk was only 13 years old.
	Kathe Gorzelanczyk	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Käthe Eppstein was born on January 14, 1899 in Berlin as the daughter of her Jewish parents Georg Eppstein and Margarete, née Mahn. She got married, took the name of her husband "Jacob", the daughter Ingeborg was born on May 10, 1925 in Berlin. Käthe's husband died, then she married Siegbert Gorzelanczyk, who had a son Henrik from a divorced marriage. Käthe and Siegbert Gorzelanczyk moved to Velten, where their son Hans was born on May 16, 1929. In 1933 the couple lived again in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Bernhardstraße 15, they ran a tobacco shop at the entrance to the Bundesplatz S-Bahn station ; In 1934 they had already lost it to P. Toedt. The family also had to give up the apartment on Bernhardstrasse. They lived temporarily at 20 Stierstrasse and finally found refuge - Gorzelanczyk had meanwhile worked as a representative - with Käthe's parents at 3 Sentastrasse. After Käthe's mother Margarete Eppstein was deported to Theresienstadt in September 1942, the Sentastraße apartment had to be vacated: at the end of September 1942, the family had to move to Frobenstraße 27 with Ella Feldheim, their parents' former subtenant. Siegbert Gorzelanczyk did forced labor in the textile mill in Zehlendorf. On December 14, 1942, Ella Feldheim was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. Käthe and Siegbert Gorzelanczyk had to sign the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943, and on the same day they were abducted together with their son Hans to the collection point Levetzowstraße 8 as part of the factory campaign . There the confiscation order was served on them. On March 1, 1943, Käthe's daughter Ingeborg Jacob was deported to Auschwitz at the age of almost 18; Käthe, Siegbert and Hans Gorzelanczyk followed her on March 2, 1943, where they were all murdered at an unknown date.
	Siegbert Gorzelanczyk	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Siegbert Gorzelanczyk was born on April 25, 1887 in Samter, which belonged to the Prussian province of Posen from 1815 to 1918, to Jewish parents. He had a brother named Leo. His first marriage was Gertrud Lublin, born on May 2, 1889 in Breslau. Their son Henrik was born on August 11, 1924 in Berlin. The marriage was divorced in 1926/1927 and Gertrud Gorzelanczyk moved with Henrik to her parents in Breslau. Henrik managed to get her to Sweden on July 5, 1939 with a Kindertransport; she herself was deported from Breslau to Auschwitz on March 4, 1943 and murdered. Siegbert Gorzelanczyk had remarried in Berlin to the widow Käthe Jacob, née Eppstein, who brought a daughter Ingeborg into the marriage. First the family moved to Velten , where their son Hans was born on May 16, 1929, then back to Berlin-Wilmersdorf at Bernhardstraße 15. There, opposite the entrance to the Bundesplatz S-Bahn station, Siegbert Gorzelanczyk ran a cigar shop for a short time , which he lost to an 'Aryan' successor in 1934, and the family had to give up the apartment on Bernhardstrasse. After a short time in Stierstrasse 20, she finally found refuge with Käthe's parents in Sentastrasse 3. In 1940, Käthe's father died; Her mother Margarete Eppstein was deported to Theresienstadt in September 1942, then the Sentastraße apartment had to be vacated: At the end of September 1942, the family moved to Frobenstraße 27 with Ella Feldheim, their parents' former sub-tenant. Siegbert Gorzelanczyk was doing forced labor in the textile factory in Zehlendorf. On December 14, 1942, Ella Feldheim was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. Käthe and Siegbert Gorzelanczyk had to sign the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943, and on the same day they were abducted together with their son Hans to the collection point Levetzowstraße 8 as part of the factory campaign . There the confiscation order was served on them. On March 1, 1943, Käthe's daughter Ingeborg Jacob was deported to Auschwitz at the age of almost 18; Käthe, Siegbert and Hans Gorzelanczyk followed her to Auschwitz on March 2, 1943, where they were all murdered at an unknown date. Siegbert's son from his first marriage, Henrik Gorlén, lived in Oslo until his death on January 2, 2015 . He has a son who lives in Copenhagen and a daughter in Jerusalem , and there are several grandchildren.
	Martha Gottberg	Stierstrasse 21	Oct 21, 2011	Martha Mansfeld was born on January 13, 1886 in Hanover as the daughter of Albert Mansfeld and his wife Ester, called Else nee David. She married a Mr. Gottberg in her second marriage. She is said to have been a restaurant owner. In 1939 she lived as a subtenant at Stierstrasse 21 with Adam. She had to move twice, first to Bochumer Straße 25 and then to a Jewish house at Levetzowstraße 13 in Tiergarten . From there she was deported to Auschwitz on March 2, 1943 , where she was presumably murdered immediately.
	Ivan Gruenberg	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Iwan Grünberg was born on October 19, 1877 in Hanover as the son of the bookseller Abraham Leonhard Grünberg and his wife Rosalie, nee Zöllner. He was a merchant and was his second wife Minna nee Marcuse. At first he lived with his wife in Oberschöneweide, Goethestrasse 49. Then they moved to Friedenau, Stierstrasse 19. On March 3, 1943, he was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Minna Grünberg	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Minna Marcuse was born on August 4, 1878 in Bad Schönfließ as the daughter of Max Marcuse and his wife Flora, née Simon. She married the businessman Iwan Grünberg for the second time. They first lived in Berlin Oberschöneweide, Goethestrasse 49, then they moved to Friedenau at Stierstrasse 19. Her husband Iwan was deported to Auschwitz on March 3, 1943, followed by Minna Grünfeld on March 12, 1943. Her date of death is unknown.
	Ella Grünfeld	Stierstrasse 19	Oct 21, 2011	Ella Grünfeld was born on July 22, 1875 in Vienna into a Jewish family. She had a younger sister, Jenny. Both sisters remained single and moved to Berlin. In 1939 they lived as sub-tenants with Elly Herz at Stierstrasse 19 in the garden house on the ground floor. They had to move again, to Bleibtreustraße 33 as a subtenant to Fraenckel. There they lived in a furnished room. On October 3, 1942, both sisters were deported to Theresienstadt on the 3rd Large Elderly Transport. Ella Grünfeld was murdered on May 18, 1943.
	Jenny Grünfeld	Stierstrasse 19	Oct 21, 2011	Jenny Grünfeld was born on February 1, 1877 in Vienna into a Jewish family. She also had an older sister Ella. Both sisters remained single and moved to Berlin. In 1939 they lived as sub-tenants at Elly Herz's at Stierstrasse 19 garden house on the ground floor. They had to move again, to Bleibtreustraße 33 as a subtenant to Fraenckel. From there they were deported to Theresienstadt on October 3, 1942, together with the 3rd large elderly transport. The date of death of Jenny Grünfeld is unknown, her sister Ella died on May 18, 1943.
	Maria Gundau	Evastraße 6	May 10, 2016	Maria Bry was born on October 29, 1869 in Hietzing near Vienna as the daughter of the timber merchant Jakob Bry and his wife Rosa, née Brünner. The family moved to Berlin, where they lived at 7 Mariannenufer. Maria Bry was baptized as a Protestant before she married the pharmacist Johann Otto Max Gundau in Berlin on June 14, 1893. The son Kurt was born on October 17, 1894. Maria and Max Gundau's marriage was divorced on July 6, 1915. In 1939 Maria Gundau lived as a subtenant at Evastraße 6. She had to move again to Bochumer Straße 10 near Leiser. From there she was deported to Theresienstadt on January 10, 1944 on the 99th Alterstransport.
	Paula Guttmann	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Paula Ida Eisenstädt was born on January 23, 1877 in Lissa / Posen as the daughter of her Jewish parents Louis Eisenstädt and his wife Regina, née Nuernberg. She also had a brother Georg. She married Siegfried Guttmann, their daughter Hildegard was born. Her husband Siegfried died in 1923. Paula Guttmann had lived with her daughter Hildegard in a 4-room apartment at Brünnhildestrasse 3 since 1930. In 1937 she took in Henriette Wolfsohn as a subtenant, in 1941 Martha Schlomer. The daughter Hildegard managed to emigrate to England in time. The three women had to move out at the beginning of 1942: Paula Guttmann was able to live with her brother Georg Eisenstädt and his wife Martha at Innsbrucker Straße 3 until they were deported on April 2, 1942. Then she came to the ghetto on the 12th transport to Warsaw. The date of her death is unknown. A relative dedicated a “Page of Testimony” to her at Yad Vashem .
	Marianne Haber	Stierstrasse 4	Oct 21, 2011	Marianne Haber was born on May 17, 1885 in Berlin to her Jewish parents, Sidonie Haber née Freund and her husband Alexander Gustav Haber. She remained unmarried and lived with her widowed mother, most recently from 1937 in Friedenau, Stierstrasse 4. Before the deportation, she and her mother had to move to Lietzenburger Strasse 51, a so-called 'Jewish apartment'. On October 3, 1942, Marianne Haber was deported to Theresienstadt with her mother . Her mother died there on November 3, 1942, Marianne Haber was deported from Theresienstadt on May 16, 1944 to Auschwitz, where she was presumably murdered immediately.
	Sidonie Haber	Stierstrasse 4	Oct 21, 2011	Sidonie Freund was born on February 6, 1861 in Breslau into a Jewish family. She married the businessman Alexander Gustav Haber and gave birth to a daughter, Marianne, on May 17, 1885 in Berlin. She was a teacher. She became a widow and from 1937 lived at Stierstrasse 4 with her unmarried daughter and a relative, Betty Haber, who died on November 18, 1939 and was buried in the Weissensee Jewish cemetery. Before the deportation on October 3, 1942, they had to move to Lietzenburger Strasse 51, a so-called 'Jewish apartment'. Sidonie Haber was deported to Theresienstadt with her daughter Marianne . Sidonie Haber died there on November 3, 1942.
	Max Henius	Dickhardtstrasse 6	Nov 29, 2013	Max Henius was born as the first son of the Jewish couple Julius Henius and his wife Emma neufeld on August 9, 1878 in Thorn. In 1882 his younger brother Kurt was born. In 1886 the father founded the Neufeld & Henius publishing house together with a brother-in-law. The family moved to Berlin, Max attended the school at the Gray Monastery , after graduating from high school in 1898, he studied law in Heidelberg , Bonn and Berlin, he received his doctorate and qualified as a professor. In 1905 he took over the management of the publishing house, which operated at Großbeerenstraße 94. Max Henius fought in the First World War as a soldier and was slightly wounded; in 1917 he received the third class Red Cross medal. On September 21, 1918 he married Frieda Schaer, the Protestant daughter of a carpenter. In the post-war period, the Neufeld und Henius publishing house, as well as other publishing houses founded by Max Henius such as Allegro Buch-Musik Verlag, Friedrich Kirchner's Verlag, and the Schillerbuchhandlung publishing house, flourished; the publishers' annual sales exceeded one million marks . Max Henius lived in an 11-room apartment in Sigismundstrasse 5. In 1920 he built a country house on a waterfront property in Berlin-Kladow , Sacrower Kirchweg 56–58, which is now a listed building. He suffered from severe hay asthma and therefore did not want his own children. He adopted the non-Jewish orphan Harry Friedrich Wilhelm, who was born on January 10, 1923 in Wilhelmshaven, and renamed him Klaus Friedrich Wilhelm. He was baptized in 1924 and on March 1, 1933 he joined the German National People's Party. In 1933 he was banned from running the Neufeld und Henius publishing house, which led to the publishing house filing for bankruptcy in 1935. In 1935 he had to sell the Havel property below value and give up the 11-room apartment at Sigismundstrasse 5. The family moved to Ringstrasse 6 (today: Dickhardtstrasse) in Friedenau on October 4, 1936. Because Max Henius had been without regular income since 1933/1934, his brother Kurt, who was a professor of medicine at the Charité , supported him . In 1939 Kurt emigrated with his three children to Luxembourg , where his wife, Madeleine Latarse, came from. Kurt died there in 1947. His descendants live in Belgium and France . On April 3, 1943, Max Henius was arrested for not wearing the Star of David, convicted and punished with imprisonment until July 3, 1943 in Tegel. On the day of his release, however, he was arrested again by officers of the Gestapo in the apartment on Ringstrasse 6 and taken into police custody for antisocial behavior (i.e. because he was Jewish) and taken to Alexanderplatz. Via the Großbeeren, Wuhlheide labor camps and the Beuthen police prison, he was brought to Auschwitz on September 3, 1943, initially to Block 2 for the quarantine of around five weeks. On December 21, 1943, however, he was recorded as a sick inmate in the inmate infirmary diary. Max Henius died there on February 22nd, 1944. Because Frieda Henius could not be prevented from researching Max Henius' whereabouts, she was sent to cleaning the Anhalter und Lehrter train station, and she was advised to divorce Max Henius which she refused. Frieda Henius died in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe in 1963 .
	Frieda Herrmann	Stierstrasse 21	Oct 21, 2011	Frieda (called: Fritzi) Levy was born on March 28, 1863 in Nakel, Posen, to Jewish parents. She married Julius Herrmann and lived with him in Berlin at Tilsiter Strasse 3, where the couple ran a white goods store. Frieda Herrmann was friends with Rosa Levy, whom she looked after after an illness. When Rosa Levy died in 1939, Frieda and Julius Herrmann moved into their previous apartment at 21 Stierstrasse. Minna Riesenburger, Julius Herrmann's sister, lived in the same house with her husband Ruben. On July 6, 1942, Frieda Herrmann and her husband were deported from the assembly camp at Iranische Strasse 3 to Theresienstadt . Frieda died there on September 17, 1942, her husband Julius on January 1, 1943.
	Julius Herrmann	Stierstrasse 21	Oct 21, 2011	Julius Herrmann was born on September 24, 1858 in Warlubia as the second eldest son of Nathan and Auguste Herrmann, he had seven siblings. He married Frieda (called: Fritzi) Levy and lived with her at 3 Tilsiter Strasse, where they ran a white goods shop. Fritzi Herrmann had taken care of Rosa Levy, a friend of hers, who lived at 21 Stierstrasse. When Rosa Levy died in 1939, Julius and Fritzi Herrmann moved into their apartment. Julius Herrmann's sister, Minna married Riesenburger, lived in the same house with her husband Ruben. On July 6, 1942, Julius Herrmann and his wife Fritzi were deported from the Iranische Strasse 3 assembly camp to Theresienstadt. Fritzi Herrmann died there on September 17, 1942, Julius on January 1, 1943.
	Elly heart	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Elly Herz was born on November 2, 1887 in Breslau into a Jewish family. She remained single and moved to Berlin. She was an office worker and lived in Friedenau at Stierstrasse 19. On September 25, 1942, she was deported to Raasiku on the 20th Osttransport, where she was presumably murdered immediately.
	Max Botho Dutch	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Max Botho Holländer was born on August 27, 1901 in Berlin as the son of the pharmacist Ernst Holländer and his wife Olga née Bry in Berlin. He became a chemist and married Susanne Friedemann. In 1933 he moved with his wife and widowed mother-in-law Elfriede Friedemann into the rented house they owned at Stierstrasse 19. Susanne and Botho Holländer's marriage was divorced. Botho Holländer moved to "Süsskind (mixed marriage)" on Innsbrucker Strasse as a subtenant. From March 1943 he lived illegally with Maria Countess von Maltzan . Because he did not take the precautionary measures demanded by her, he had to leave the apartment on Detmolder Strasse. He was arrested by the Gestapo and deported to Auschwitz on October 29, 1943 on the 45th Osttransport, where he was murdered at an unknown date. His divorced wife Susanne survived underground, his parents had fled to Nice , from there his father Ernst Holländer was deported to Auschwitz via the Drancy assembly camp and murdered; his mother then committed suicide in Nice.
	Johanna wood	Holsteinische Strasse 34	Dec 8, 2010	Johanna Lewitt was born on September 22, 1904 in Neukölln as the daughter of Werner Lewitt and Regina, née Friedländer. She also had a brother Bernhard, who was born in 1899 and fought in the First World War. Her father Werner Lewitt died in 1917. The widowed mother Regina Lewitt first moved with the children to Menckenstrasse 8, then to Holsteinische Strasse 34 in Friedenau. Johanna married the businessman Werner Holz, he moved in with her and her mother in the apartment at Holsteinische Strasse 34. On January 11, 1929, their son Jürgen Rudolf was born. Werner Holz was working as an insurance agent at the time. In 1935 Johanna's brother Bernhard emigrated to Holland; he survived there underground. On November 27, 1941, Johanna, her husband Werner and their son Jürgen Rudolf were deported to Riga and shot on November 30 in the Rumbula forest. The widow of Johanna's brother Bernhard, Frieda Lewitt-Kuhnt, arranged for stumbling blocks to be laid for her murdered family members.
	Jürgen Rudolf Wood	Holsteinische Strasse 34	Dec 8, 2010	Jürgen Rudolf Holz was born on January 11, 1929, the son of Werner Holz and his wife Johanna, née Lewitt. His father was an insurance agent, and his grandmother Regina Lewitt lived in the apartment at Holsteinische Strasse 34 as well as himself and his parents. His uncle Bernhard, his mother's brother, emigrated to Holland in 1935 and was able to survive there underground. Jürgen Rudolf Holz and his parents were deported from their apartment at Holsteinische Strasse 34 to Riga on November 27, 1941, and shot on November 30, 1941 in the forests of Rumbula. He was only twelve years old.
	Werner Wood	Holsteinische Strasse 34	Dec 8, 2010	Werner Holz was born on December 20, 1898 in Schöneberg, the son of Hermann Holz and his wife Selma, born schoolmaster. He was a businessman, married Johanna Lewitt and moved in with her and her mother in the apartment at Holsteinische Strasse 34 in Friedenau. His son Jürgen Rudolf was born on January 11, 1929. Werner Holz was working as an insurance agent at the time. His brother-in-law Bernhard, his wife's brother, emigrated to Holland in 1935 and survived there underground. Werner, Johanna and Jürgen Rudolf Holz were deported to Riga on November 27, 1941 and shot on November 30, 1941 in the forests of Rumbula. The widow of his brother-in-law, Frieda Lewitt-Kuhnt, arranged the laying of stumbling blocks for the murdered family members.
	Pink honey	Varziner Strasse 9	Nov 17, 2008	Rosa Blumenthal was born on June 5, 1873 in Berlin as the daughter of Moses Jacob Blumenthal and his wife Bertha, née Riese. In 1897 she married the merchant Leopold Honig. The son Max was born on October 19, 1897. Her husband died in 1915. Rosa Honig lived in Friedenau at Varziner Strasse 9, where her son Max moved again after a first marriage. On January 13, 1942, she was deported to Riga, where she was murdered at an unknown time. Her son Max married after 1939 Ruth married Lorenz nee Wittenberg, who had stayed in Jauer prison from 1936 to 1940. On April 2, 1942, Max and Ruth Honig were deported from Nürnberger Platz 3 to Warsaw to the ghetto and on to Majdanek, where they were both murdered on July 31, 1942. For both of them there are so-called memorial stones in front of Varziner Straße 9.
	Leo Hummel	Handjerystraße 1	3rd June 2013	Leo Hummel was born on March 29, 1883 in Buttenwiesen in Bavaria as the son of Moritz Hummel and his wife Anna née Wassermann. He fought in the First World War . At the census of May 1939 he was registered at 1 Handjerystrasse. The files in the Potsdam State Archives show that he had been sublet at Schwäbische Strasse 25 in the garden house on the 2nd floor on the right with Gisella Timar (a Hungarian born in Vienna in 1870) for 40 marks a month. On the orders of the Gestapo , many Jews were brought together in so-called “Jewish houses” in order to be able to organize the “pick-ups” for deportation more effectively. Leo Hummel was probably also forcibly relocated to Schwäbische Straße 25. Leo Hummel was single and a bank clerk by profession. Since October 24, 1941, he had to do forced labor. Most recently he was employed by the city of Berlin, Reinickendorf district, as a worker for a weekly wage of 12.44 marks. The Gestapo order for the confiscation of his property was given to him on February 28, 1943 in the synagogue Levetzowstrasse 8 by the higher court bailiff . He was arrested at the end of February 1943 as part of the factory action during which the Gestapo took the Jewish forced laborers directly from their workplace to the Levetzowstrasse collection point . Leo Hummel was cooped up on March 17, 1943 in the 4th Large Age Transport with 1160 inmates and deported to Theresienstadt, where he survived for about a year and a half despite the inhumane conditions. On October 16, 1944, he was deported to Auschwitz and murdered at the age of 61. His siblings Alfred and Ludwig Hummel were able to escape to the USA during the Nazi era . In the 1950s, they applied to the German authorities for the return of the assets confiscated by the Chief Finance President Potsdam on June 27, 1944 and a piece of land confiscated by the Chief Finance President Munich on November 7, 1944. Alfred Hummel had deposited a Page of Testimony for his brother Leo Hummel with his address in New York in the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem . The Stolperstein initiative tried to get in contact with him or his descendants to inform them about the stumbling block for Leo Hummel and to invite them to the memorial ceremony. Unfortunately the letter came back with the note “recipient unknown”.
	Ingeborg Jacob	Sentastraße 3	Dec. 19, 2014	Ingeborg Jacob was born on May 10, 1925 in Berlin as the daughter of Käthe Jacob, née Eppstein, and her husband. Her father died when she was little, her mother remarried to Siegbert Gorzelanczyk. He was divorced and had a son Henrik from his first marriage. The family moved to Velten and their son Hans was born on May 16, 1929. Shortly afterwards the family moved back to Berlin, they lived in Wilmersdorf on Bernhardstraße and their father Siegbert Gorzelanczyk ran a tobacco shop at the entrance to the Bundesplatz S-Bahn station . In 1934 he had already lost it to P. Toedt. The family also had to give up the apartment on Bernhardstrasse. They lived temporarily at Stierstrasse 20 and finally found refuge - Siegbert G. was now working as a representative - with Käthe's parents at Sentastrasse 3. After Käthe's mother Margarete Eppstein was deported to Theresienstadt in September 1942, the Sentastraße apartment also had to be vacated: At the end of September 1942 the family moved to Frobenstraße 27 in a 4-room apartment, the former subtenant of the Eppstein parents, Ella Feldheim, also had to move there. Siegbert Gorzelanczyk did forced labor in the textile mill in Zehlendorf. On December 14, 1942, Ella Feldheim was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. Käthe and Siegbert Gorzelanczyk had to sign the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943, and on the same day they were abducted together with their son Hans to the collection point Levetzowstraße 8 as part of the factory campaign . There the confiscation order was served on them. On March 1, 1943, Ingeborg Jacob was deported to Auschwitz at the age of not yet 18; Käthe, Siegbert and Hans Gorzelanczyk followed her to Auschwitz on March 2, 1943, where they were all murdered at an unknown date.
	Ismar Jakubowski	Ortrudstrasse 7	Nov 25, 2011	Ismar Jakubowski was born on April 21, 1897 in Lissa / Posen as the son of Ichel Jakubowski and his wife Ernestine, née Epstein. He had two brothers: Martin and Robert. He attended grammar school in Graudenz up to Obersekunda, then did a commercial apprenticeship at Walter & Fleck in Danzig . He fought as a volunteer in World War I and was slightly wounded. In 1926 he moved to Berlin and in 1930 married Auguste Altmann. He worked as a textile merchant and bought a textile shop in Guttstadt / East Prussia. In 1934 his business was forced to Aryanize, and Ismar Jakubowski returned to Berlin. His wife Auguste divorced him in 1935 because she wanted to flee via Switzerland. Since then, Ismar Jakubowski has lived at Ortrudstrasse 7. In 1938 his brother Robert emigrated to Shanghai . From 1939 Ismar Jakubowski had to do forced labor for the C. J. Vogel AG company in Köpenick, and in 1941 he married the Jewish Johanna Becker. Presumably they moved to their parents' home at Alexandrinenstrasse 49. From there they were deported to Theresienstadt on December 15, 1942 , together with his parents, Ernestine and Ichel Jakubowski. His father committed suicide by hanging himself on December 28, 1942. Ismar Jakubowski was deported to Auschwitz on September 28, 1944 and murdered there on September 29, 1944. His wife Johanna survived Theresienstadt and emigrated to the USA in 1946 . His brother Martin, his wife and their two children were murdered in a concentration camp. His brother Robert returned to Berlin from Shanghai in 1947. His mother Ernestine Jakubowski survived Theresienstadt.
	Hermann Jankelowitz	Dickhardtstrasse 61	Nov 29, 2013	Hermann Jankelowitz was born on April 15, 1867 in Neustadt / Tauroggen in Lithuania to Jewish parents. His father's name was Moritz, his brother, who was born on February 10, 1872, Joseph. Hermann and Joseph probably also had a brother: Adolf Jankelowitz, who was born on September 27, 1869 in Neustadt Lithuania. He studied medicine, married Emma Blandine Heilbronner (born on March 14, 1879 in Ludwigshafen; died 1958), their daughter Lilly Jankelowitz was born on May 7, 1907 in Gera . Adolf Jankelowitz died in World War I, the daughter became an actress and called herself Lilly Jank. She married Viktor Wahl (born 1899 in Worms; died in the Ohrdruf concentration camp), their son Joseph Marius Silvio Wahl (born December 31, 1936 in Strasbourg) survived the Ravensbrück concentration camp thanks to some other prisoners, Lilly Jank died there in October 1944. Hermann Jankelowitz moved to Berlin and worked there as a businessman, in 1926 he ran a textile shop at Jägerstrasse 27 in Berlin-Mitte . He remained single. His brother Joseph worked in the toy industry in Berlin. From 1928 the brothers lived together at Ringstrasse 61/62 (today: Dickhardtstrasse) in Friedenau. Sächsische Strasse 72 in Wilmersdorf is indicated as the last apartment for Hermann Jankelowitz on the index card of the asset management agency. On September 14, 1942, he was deported to Theresienstadt on the 2nd Large Age Transport. There he died three weeks later on October 8, 1942, according to an obituary report, of acute enteritis. His brother Joseph managed to flee to Italy , where he was interned, and on June 23, 1943, he ended up in Penna S. Andrea via various camps. He stayed there until November 1943. He is said not to have been deported.
	Else Kalischer	Sieglindestraße 1	Apr 21, 2016	Else Asch came to Berlin on February 11, 1886 as the daughter of Dr. med Max Asch and his wife Henriette nee Kantorowicz. In 1912 she married the lawyer Dr. Fritz Kalischer. The sons were born: Peter Sigismund (1912), Emanuel Maximilian (1914), Clemens Amadeus (1921) and Thomas Friedrich (1923). The marriage was divorced in 1928, Else Kalischer lived with the two younger sons under changing addresses to sublet until 1936 she lived alone as a subtenant with Charlotte Philipsohn. All four sons were able to save themselves abroad; their divorced husband was arrested in 1936 and imprisoned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp, but after his release he survived in Bad Schwarzach thanks to his second non-Jewish wife Martha. Else Kalischer was deported to Minsk on November 14, 1941, where she was murdered at an unknown date.
	Manfred Kaliski	Cosimaplatz 5	Oct 16, 2014	Manfred Kaliski was born on March 8, 1917 in Berlin as the son of Hugo Kaliski and his wife Johanna nee Heymann. His siblings were Hertha (1910) and Heinz Hans (1919). He became a baker. When he met Ruth Friedemann, he worked as a master folder at the Jewish religious association. Ruth Friedemann was a forced laborer at Zeiss Ikon in Lichterfelde . Shortly after Ruth's parents were deported, she married Manfred Kaliski on April 8, 1942. Both were deported together on April 14, 1942 from the apartment at 5 Cosimaplatz to Warsaw to the ghetto, where they perished at an unknown time.
	Ruth Kaliski	Cosimaplatz 5	Oct 16, 2014	Ruth Gisela Friedemann was born on September 12, 1921 in Berlin as the daughter of her Jewish parents Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Friedemann and his wife Else, née Marcuse, their sister Ursula Brigitte was born on October 26, 1922. Her parents ran a bookstore that collapsed during the inflationary period. Her father Friedrich Friedemann then supported his family by trading in antiquarian books. Ruth Gisela Friedemann had to do forced labor for Zeiss Ikon in Lichterfelde , she met Manfred Kaliski and married him on April 8, 1942. Together with her husband Manfred Kaliski, she was deported from the apartment at Cosimaplatz 5 to Warsaw on April 14, 1942 . At an unknown point in time, they both perished there.
	Adolph Kaufmann	Varziner Strasse 3	6 Dec 2019	Adolph Kaufmann was born on March 29, 1893 in Koschmin / Berent / West Prussia (Polish: Kozmin) as the son of Marcus Kaufmann and his wife Henriette. After attending elementary and middle school, he completed a commercial apprenticeship in Schmiegel / Posen. He fought in World War I and moved to Berlin. There he married Bertha Krisch on December 30, 1920. They initially lived on Deidesheimer Straße, from 1932 on Varziner Straße 3. The children were born: On January 26, 1922 Ingeborg Henriette and on January 7, 1923 Arno Benno. They had taken over a haberdashery, wool and white goods shop in Wexstrasse 33a with six employees from Bertha's parents. During the Reichspogromnacht the business was destroyed and they had to sell the business for a fraction of its value, in 1940 the company was deleted from the commercial register. Benno visited an agricultural farm in Rüdnitz / Oberbarnim in preparation for his emigration to Palestine; he could still escape. Ingeborg had attended the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Lyzeum until 1937, later, like Adolph Kaufmann, she had to do forced labor at Ehrich & Graetz. On March 2, 1943, Adolph Kaufmann was deported with his wife Bertha and daughter Ingeborg from Varziner Straße 3 to the Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered at an unknown time.
	Bertha Kaufmann	Varziner Strasse 3	6 Dec 2019	Bertha Krisch was born on August 26, 1887 in Hohensalza // Posen (today Inowrazlaw) as the daughter of the businessman Abraham Krisch and his wife Lina. She attended secondary school for girls and was trained as a manager. Afterwards she was in charge of purchasing in a shop owned by her brother Leo. In 1920 she moved to Berlin and married Adolph Kaufmann. Her husband took over the Krisch & Co stocking house in Wexstrasse 33a with six employees from her parents in 1923, while Bertha was in charge of purchasing. The children were born: Ingeborg Henriette on January 26, 1922 and Arno Benno on January 7, 1923. The family lived at Varziner Straße 3 from 1932 onwards. After elementary school, Ingeborg attended the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Lyzeum until 1937, Benno did an apprenticeship on an agricultural estate in Rüdnitz to prepare for emigration to Palestine, he was still able to escape. Her daughter Ingeborg and her husband did forced labor at Ehrich & Graetz. On March 2, 1943 Bertha Kaufmann was deported with her husband Adolph and daughter Ingeborg from Varziner Straße 3 to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered at an unknown time.
	Ingeborg H Kaufmann	Varziner Strasse 3	6 Dec 2019	Ingeborg Henriette Kaufmann was born on January 26, 1922 in Berlin as the daughter of the businessman Adolph Kaufmann and his wife Bertha, née Krisch. Her brother Arno Benno followed in 1923. Ingeborg first attended the elementary school on Nollendorfplatz from April 1928, from 1933 to March 1937 the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Lyceum. Her brother did an agricultural training in preparation for the planned emigration to Palestine. he could still escape. Like her father, Ingeborg had to do forced labor at Ehrich & Graetz. On March 2, 1943, Ingeborg Kaufmann and her parents were deported from Varziner Strasse 3 to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered at an unknown date.
	Minny Kathe Kaufmann	Wilhelmshöher Strasse 14	Dec 2007	Minny Käthe Kaufmann was born on February 3, 1896 in Berlin into a Jewish family. She was a cleaner, remained single and lived in 1939 at Wilhelmshöher Strasse 14 in Friedenau. On January 19, 1942, she was deported to Riga, where she was murdered at an unknown date.
	Charlotte Kerz	Stierstrasse 4	Aug 19, 2010	Charlotte Kerz was born on March 29, 1914 in Berlin as the daughter of Spira, born Nechuma, and her husband Nathan Kerz. She had an older brother Leo. Her parents both came from Gorlice / Poland and had built a fashion house in Berlin with up to 30 employees. Since 1923 the shop has been located at Charlottenstrasse 18. Nechuma, Nathan and Charlotte Kerz emigrated to The Hague in November 1933 . Her brother Leo had fled to Prague in March 1933 ; previously he was trained as a set designer by Traugott Müller . In February 1934 Leo Kerz came to Holland from Prague . Because he could not get a work permit, he went to London and Johannesburg . In early 1939, Nathan, Nechuma, and Charlotte Kerz tried to obtain visas to enter the United States , but they were unsuccessful. Nathan Kerz died on January 16, 1943 in The Hague. Nechuma and Charlotte Kerz were deported from The Hague to Sobibor on May 25, 1943 and murdered there. Her brother Leo had great success as a set designer and producer in the USA. He died in New York in 1976
	Nathan Kerz	Stierstrasse 4	Aug 19, 2010	Nathan Kerz was born on August 25, 1886 in Gorlice / Poland to a Jewish family. He married Nechuma Spira, who was born on July 17, 1891 in Gorlice / Poland. Both were tailors and went to Berlin in 1910/1911. The son Leo was born on November 1, 1912, the daughter Charlotte followed on March 29, 1914. The ladies' tailoring business grew into a fashion house, the shop was located on Friedrichstrasse . Nechuma Kerz was the operations manager and Nathan Kerz was a clothing manufacturer and designer. Nathan went to Paris every season to watch the fashion trends. The fashion house employed around 20 to 30 people. In 1926 or 1927 the family moved to Stierstrasse 4. Since 1923 the shop has been at Charlottenstrasse 18. Nechuma, Nathan and Charlotte Kerz emigrated to The Hague in November 1933. Her son Leo had fled to Prague in March 1933 ; previously he was training as a set designer at Traugott Müller. In February 1934 Leo Kerz came to Holland from Prague . Because he could not get a work permit, he went to London and Johannesburg . In early 1939, Nathan, Nechuma, and Charlotte Kerz tried to obtain visas to enter the United States , but they were unsuccessful. Nathan Kerz died on January 16, 1943 in The Hague . Nechuma and Charlotte Kerz were deported from The Hague to Sobibor on May 25, 1943 and murdered there. Leo was able to travel to the USA via South Africa and work there again as a set designer. His biggest success was the production of Eugene Ionesco's Rhinoceros on Broadway . In 1962 Leo Kerz came to Berlin and worked on the world premiere of Rolf Hochhuth's play: The Deputy . Leo Kerz died on November 4, 1976 in New York.
	Nechuma candle	Stierstrasse 4	Aug 19, 2010	Nechuma Spira was born on July 17, 1891 in Gorlice / Poland to a Jewish family. She married Nathan Kerz, who was born on August 25, 1886 in Gorlice / Poland. Both were tailors and went to Berlin in 1910/1911. For more see Nathan Kerz .
	Max Klein	Goßlerstrasse 20	June 28, 2010	Max Klein was born on June 20, 1887 in Berlin as the son of Abraham Klein and his wife Lene, born Sobotker. He was a shoe salesman. In May 1939 he lived at Goßlerstrasse 20 with Alfred Wagner, who was a sales representative and who had one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. On October 18, 1941, Max Klein and Alfred Wagner were deported on the first transport from Grunewald train station to Lodz. Both lived there at Fischstrasse 12. On February 26, 1942, Max Klein died in Lodz, allegedly of a heart attack
	Albert Kleinberger	Bundesallee 79A	6 Dec 2019	Albert Kleinberger was born on November 4, 1884 in Offenbach am Glan / Sankt Wendel / Rheinprovinz as the son of Simon Kleinberger and his wife Pauline nee Levy. His siblings were Alex (1860), Leo (1877), Ferdinand (1882) and Rosa (1883). Albert Kleinberger became a businessman and married Johanna (Hansl) Ney, they moved to Berlin. Albert Kleinberger ran a company with his cousin Simon Kleinberger that dealt in embroidery. Albert and Johanna had a daughter Lotte on February 16, 1921, while his cousin Simon and his wife Clara had a son Fritz. The families were friends and lived in Friedenau. Albert moved in 1935 with his family and with his now widowed mother-in-law Henriette to Kaiserallee 79a (today Bundesallee). In 1939 Lotte was able to emigrate to London and Fritz emigrated to Palestine. After the Reichspogromnacht, Simon and Albert Kleinberger, like thousands of other Jewish men, were arrested and interned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp; both were released in December. Simon and Clara Kleinberger were deported to Kowno on November 17, 1941, Johanna's mother to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942. When Albert and Johanna Kleinberger learned that they were to be picked up on the evening of March 1, 1943, they decided to flee to their death. They said goodbye to neighbors in good clothes, and then took medication that was not immediately fatal. On March 2, 1943, they were taken to the Jewish Hospital, where they died on March 4, 1943. Their graves can be found at the Jewish cemetery in Weißensee. Two grandchildren from England were present when the stumbling blocks were laid.
	Clara Kleinberger	Dickhardtstrasse 15	Nov 29, 2013	Clara Herz was born on July 14, 1894 as the daughter of Jewish parents Markus Peretz Herz and his wife Karoline, nee Rothschild, in Offenbach am Glan. She married the Jewish Simon Kleinberger, who was born on August 7, 1882 in Odenbach am Glan, the son of the Jewish parents Aron Kleinberger and Amalia, born Dinkelspiel. He was a successful sales representative in the handkerchief industry. Their son Aharon Fritz was born on November 21, 1920. He emigrated to Palestine in November 1939 . On November 17, 1941, Clara and Simon Kleinberger were deported together to Kowno; like everyone on this transport, they were murdered immediately after their arrival.
	Johanna Kleinberger	Bundesallee 79A	6 Dec 2019	Johanna Ney was born on August 21, 1893 in Kaiserslautern as the daughter of the horse dealer Isaac Ney and his wife Henriette nee Mandel. She married the businessman Albert Kleinberger and moved with him to Berlin. Her husband and his cousin Simon Kleinberger ran a company that traded in handkerchiefs and embroidery. Their daughter Pauline Lotte was born on February 18, 1921, while Simon and Clara Kleinberger had their son Fritz in 1920. Johanna and Albert moved in 1935 with their daughter and Johanna's widowed mother Henriette Ney to Kaiserallee 79a (today Bundesallee). Lotte was able to leave for London in 1939; Fritz emigrated to Palestine in the same year. After the Reichspogromnacht, both Simon Kleinberger and Albert Kleinberger, like thousands of other Jewish men, were arrested and interned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp, but released again in December. Simon and Clara Kleinberger were deported to Kowno on November 17, 1941, Johanna's mother, Henriette Ney, was deported to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942. When Albert and Johanna Kleinberger learned that they were to be picked up on the evening of March 1, 1943, they decided to flee to their death. They said goodbye to neighbors in good clothes, and then took medication that was not immediately fatal. On March 2, 1943, they were taken to the Jewish Hospital, where they died on March 4, 1943. Their graves can be found at the Jewish cemetery in Weißensee. Two grandchildren from England were present when the stumbling blocks were laid.
	Simon Kleinberger	Dickhardtstrasse 15	Nov 29, 2013	Simon Kleinberger was born on August 7, 1882 in Odenbach am Glan (Rhineland Palatinate) to the Jewish parents Aron Kleinberger and Amalia, née Dinkelspiel. He also had a brother Jakob. After elementary school he attended the Latin school in Meisenheim am Glan up to the upper secondary level. Then he did a commercial apprenticeship, until the outbreak of the First World War he worked as an employee of a trading company in the textile industry. During the First World War he served as a soldier on the Western Front and received the Iron Cross 2nd class after being wounded. On November 5, 1919, he married Clara Herz. Simon and Clara Kleinberger moved to Berlin, the only child Aharon Fritz was born on November 21, 1920. Simon Kleinberger worked as an independent sales representative in the handkerchief industry. He represented u. a. a company Kleinberger & Co. and a company Mechanische Weberei Lauban A. G., both companies belonged to relatives. His work was so successful that he received a monthly income of 2,000 marks from one of these companies alone  . From 1936 the family lived in a 4½-room apartment with hot water and central heating in Ringstrasse 15, front building, 1st floor (today: Dickhardtstrasse). The family always employed a domestic worker. Due to the racial laws of the Nazis, the companies for which Simon Kleinberger had worked had to end their cooperation with him in 1937 and 1938 respectively. In 1937 he bought the Schlutz company, women's and men's scarves and shawls, and had to close this company again in 1938. Since then he has been without any income. He was arrested on November 9, 1938 on the occasion of the Reichspogromnacht and taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . He was released on December 17, 1938. Simon and Clara Kleinberger applied for immigrant visas to the United States , but 40,000 people were in line ahead of them. In November 1939 the son Aharon Fritz Kleinberger emigrated to Palestine. In 1940 the couple still hoped for the opportunity to enter Cuba , they learned English and Spanish, but this hope was dashed. Simon Kleinberger was used for forced labor, he worked as a laborer in the manufacture of pith helmets for the company Carl Halfar, Prinzenallee 74, a uniform and hat factory; for this he received a weekly wage (piecework) of 30 marks net. On November 13, 1941, Simon Kleinberger had to submit the declaration of assets. He still had two beds, a table and chairs, a dinner service with 60 pieces, a bank balance of 2570 marks, a securities account of 483 marks and half of a piece of property in Odenbach that had been inherited from his brother Jakob. With a ruling of November 1, 1941, Simon Kleinberger's assets were confiscated in favor of the German Reich; this ruling was already delivered to the collection point at Levetzowstrasse 7. The estimate of his household effects resulted in a value of 925 marks, he was auctioned for 442 marks. On November 15, 1941, Simon and Clara Kleinberger wrote the last Red Cross postcard to relatives in Switzerland, who forwarded the news to Aharon Fritz in Palestine . They already knew then that they would die. On November 17, 1941, Clara and Simon Kleinberger were deported together from Berlin to the Kowno Ghetto; all 1006 people on the transport were murdered in Kowno on November 25, 1941. Fritz Aharon Kleinberger married Ruth Berg in Palestine, and they had daughters Tammy and Nurit. Fritz Aharon Kleinberger became a well-known educational researcher. He died in Jerusalem in 2005. His daughters now live in Israel with their families.
	Fritz Koppel	Handjerystrasse 81	3rd June 2013	Fritz Koppel was born on December 20, 1919 in Berlin. His parents had a "bespoke shop" at Konstanzer Straße 59. They were later expropriated and also deported. They were murdered in Auschwitz on December 31, 1944 . According to the testimony of uncle Louis Koppel in New York in the 1960s, Fritz actually wanted to become an electrical engineer. He was very talented, but had to leave high school in Wilmersdorf, so that only training as a tailor was possible. In the files, the profession is a businessman / tailor. We have no information about his professional activities. Before moving to Handjerystrasse in March 1942, Fritz lived in the "Gut Winkel" (Spreenhagen), a Hachschara camp of the Zionist movement to prepare for agricultural or manual work in Palestine . Mary and Fritz Koppel lived at Handjerystrasse 81 from March 1942 until they were transported to Auschwitz on February 19, 1943. They were both still very young, she was 21 and he was 23 and had been married since March 17, 1942. The apartment ("no comfort") had three rooms and cost 75 marks a month. In the declaration of assets that Fritz Koppel had to submit on February 15, 1943, the furniture is carefully listed. There was 1 couch, 2 armchairs, 1 lamp, 1 floor lamp, 1 wall clock, 1 carpet in the living room, 1 cupboard, 1 table, 2 chairs in the kitchen. The value of the furniture was later estimated by the bailiff at 357 marks. The "Jewish furniture items" were then purchased by the "large family" of the precision mechanic Erich Ruhnke, who was admitted to the apartment on March 25th. The Oberfinanzdirektion recorded the following income for the Koppel family after the deportation: Siemens wages 26.56 marks, Siemens 6 marks, Gasag 2.27 marks, Siemens 3.65 marks, sale of the inventory (357 marks) to Erich Ruhnke. In contrast, there are expenses of 74.70 marks for rent for March. Before he was deported, he also had to do forced labor, most recently at Siemens with a weekly wage of 15 marks. Mary, too, had trained as an agricultural worker in a hachshara camp. Both apparently wanted to emigrate to Palestine. Why they did not do this or whether they were prevented from doing so by the Nazi authorities is unknown. On February 19, 1943, Mary and Fritz Koppel were deported on the 29th transport with 1000 inmates to Auschwitz and murdered. The date of Mary's death is unknown, Fritz's life ended on April 23, 1943.
	Mary Koppel	Handjerystrasse 81	3rd June 2013	Mary Schermer was born on December 6, 1921 in Vienna as the only child of her parents, who had been divorced since 1937. She attended elementary school in Vienna, the secondary school for girls in Prague and the commercial school in Berlin. She studied economics and languages ​​and finished her training in 1939 as a foreign language correspondent in German, Czech and Swedish. Mary had trained as a farm worker in a hachshara camp. Apparently she wanted to emigrate to Palestine with her future husband Fritz. It is not known why they did not do this or whether they were prevented from doing so by the Nazi authorities. She became German through her marriage to Fritz Koppel on March 17, 1942. At that time Mary was obliged to do forced labor and worked as a cable winder at Siemens & Halske in Gartenfeld , wages 15 marks a week. Mary and Fritz Koppel lived at Handjerystraße 81 from March 1942 until they were transported to Auschwitz on February 19, 1943. They were both very young, she was 21 and he was 23. The apartment (“no comfort”) had three rooms and cost 75 marks a month. In the declaration of assets that Fritz Koppel had to submit on February 15, 1943, the furniture is carefully listed. There was 1 couch, 2 armchairs, 1 lamp, 1 floor lamp, 1 wall clock, 1 carpet in the living room, 1 cupboard, 1 table, 2 chairs in the kitchen. The value of the furniture was later estimated by the bailiff at 357 marks. The "Jewish furniture items" were then purchased by the "large family" of the precision mechanic Erich Ruhnke, who was admitted to the apartment on March 25th. The Oberfinanzdirektion recorded the following income for the Koppel family after the deportation: Siemens wages 26.56 marks, Siemens 6 marks, Gasag 2.27 marks, Siemens 3.65 marks, sale of the inventory (357 marks) to Erich Ruhnke. In contrast, there are expenses of 74.70 marks for rent for March. On February 19, 1943, Mary and Fritz Koppel were deported on the 29th transport with 1000 inmates to Auschwitz and murdered. The date of Mary's death is unknown.
	Georg Krayn	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Georg Krayn was born on June 26, 1893 in Pudewitz / Pomerania into a Jewish family. In the First World War he was a volunteer front soldier, he was injured and proposed for the Iron Cross 1st class. In 1926 he married Irmgard Riesenfeld and lived with her in Friedenau at Stierstrasse 21. He became a teacher and worked at the 14th elementary school in Schöneberg, today's Löcknitz elementary school. After he was given leave of absence on April 1, 1933, he was forced to retire on December 31, 1935. On March 17, 1943 Georg and Irmgard Krayn were deported to Theresienstadt, relatively late because Georg Krayn had the wounded badge. He and his wife were deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz. Her death dates are unknown
	Irmgard Krayn	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Irmgard Riesenfeld was born on December 11, 1900 in Freystadt / West Prussia into a Jewish family. She married the teacher Georg Krayn and lived with him in Berlin at Stierstrasse 21 in the left wing of the third floor. Georg Krayn had fought as a volunteer in the First World War, had been wounded and had received the Wound Badge. He became a teacher at the 14th elementary school in Schöneberg, today's Löcknitz elementary school. On April 1, 1933, like all Jewish teachers, he was given leave of absence until further notice. In the following time he was only allowed to give Jewish religious instruction. On December 31, 1935, he was forced into retirement due to the Reich Citizenship Act. The Ruben and Minna Riesenburger couple were admitted to their apartment. These were deported before Irmgard and Georg Krayn were themselves deported to Theresienstadt on March 17, 1943, relatively late because their husband had the Wound Badge from the First World War. Irmgard and Georg Krayn were deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz, where they were murdered at an unknown date.
	Helen Kruschke	Handjerystraße 37	March 2008	Helen Kruschke was born on March 17, 1938 in Berlin as the daughter of Jack Kruschke and his wife Hilde, née Cohn. After her father had been deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943 , Helen was deported to Auschwitz with her mother Hilde and her sister Zilla on March 6, 1943 and murdered there.
	Hildegard Kruschke	Handjerystraße 37	March 2008	Hildegard Cohn was born on August 6, 1915 in Strasburg in the Uckermark as the daughter of Georg Gustav Cohn and his wife Käthe, known as Kitti. She was called Hilde and was the youngest daughter of the family. The family later moved to Burg near Magdeburg for professional reasons. After completing secondary school, Hilde went to Frankfurt and became a nurse, and later also a nurse trainer. She married Jack Kruschke and then lived in Berlin, since 1934 at Handjerystraße 37 “front ground floor, passage to the garden house”. They had two daughters, Helen, born on March 17, 1938, and Zilla, born on July 4, 1939. Hilde Kruschke wanted to flee to America with her husband and had already paid a deposit of 1,000  marks for the ship's passage. But they couldn't get away. On March 6, 1943, Hilde Kruschke and her two daughters, then 3 and 4 years old, were deported on the 35th transport to Auschwitz and murdered there. The recycling center for Jewish assets later asked the ferry company to return the deposit.
	Ismar Kruschke	Handjerystraße 37	March 2008	Ismar Kruschke was born on March 14, 1890 in Powids, Posen district. He lived in Berlin with his brother Jack and his family at Handjerystraße 37. Ismar Kruschke was temporarily arrested and had to do forced labor at Siemens. On July 11, 1942, he was deported to Auschwitz on the 17th transport and murdered there.
	Jack Kruschke	Handjerystraße 37	March 2008	Jack Kruschke was born on March 4, 1897 in Powids, Posen County. He was a businessman and married the nurse Hildegard Cohn, their daughters were Helen (born on March 17, 1938) and Zilla (born on July 4, 1939). Since 1935 the family lived at Handjerystraße 37 in an apartment with 3 rooms, kitchen, chamber, bathroom, floor, cellar and hot water for 83.00 RM per month. The family had booked a ship passage to America for 1000.00 RM. Why they did not take the passage is unknown. Jack Kruschke was most recently committed to forced labor at Siemens & Halske in Wasserwerk V. On March 1, 1943, he was transported to Auschwitz on the 31st transport and murdered there. His family followed a few days later.
	Zilla Kruschke	Handjerystraße 37	March 2008	Zilla Kruschke was born in Berlin on July 4th 1939 as the daughter of Jack Kruschke and his wife Hilde, née Cohn. After her father had been deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, Zilla followed with her sister Helen and her mother Hilde on March 6, 1943. Her death dates are not known.
	August Benjamin Küchler	Schnackenburgstrasse 10	Sep 24 2016	August Benjamin Küchler was born on July 9, 1883 in Alzey / Rhineland to a Jewish family. He became a businessman and married Friederike Cohen from Cologne. He fought in World War I, was badly wounded and received the Wound Badge. August Küchler was probably paralyzed as a result of the injury, but worked as a businessman. In the mid-1920s, he and his wife moved to Berlin, they initially lived in Friedenau at Niedstrasse 27, and from 1933 in a three-room apartment at Schnackenburgstrasse 10. August Küchler was temporarily imprisoned in Paderborn. In 1939 they had two lodgers: the non-Jew Charlotte Straeck and the Jew Ella Neumark. The latter emigrated to Great Britain. On December 1, 1939, they had to take in another tenant: the widow Therese Wallach. On March 17, 1943, August Küchler was deported with his wife and subtenant Therese Wallach from Schnackenburgstrasse 10 to Theresienstadt. August Küchler's deportation list says: Wound badge and paralysis. August Küchler died after a good month in Theresienstadt on April 22, 1943. His wife Friederike was further deported: on May 16, 1944 to Auschwitz, where she was murdered at an unknown date.
	Friederike Küchler	Schnackenburgstrasse 10	Sep 24 2016	Friederike Cohen was born on September 21, 1894 in Cologne to a Jewish family. She was a seamstress by profession. She married the businessman August Benjamin Küchler. Her husband had fought in World War I, was badly wounded and had received the Wound Badge. As a result of the wound, he was paralyzed. The couple moved to Berlin in the mid-1920s, initially living in Friedenau on Niedstrasse, and from 1933 on in a three-room apartment at Schnackenburgstrasse 10. Her husband was temporarily detained in Paderborn. In 1939 they had two lodgers: the non-Jew Charlotte Straeck and the Jew Ella Neumark. During this time Friederike Küchler worked from home for Arthur Scholz, NO55, Greifswalderstrasse 4. On December 1, 1939, they had to take the widow Therese Wallach into their apartment as a subtenant. On March 17, 1943, Friederike Küchler was deported to Theresienstadt with her husband and subtenant Therese Wallach. Her husband died there after a good month on April 22, 1943. Friederike Küchler was deported further, on May 16, 1944 to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she was presumably murdered immediately.
	Egon Landsberger	Stierstrasse 5	Oct 21, 2011	Egon Landsberger was born on February 18, 1896 in Berlin to Jewish parents. In the First World War he fought as a volunteer and was awarded the Iron Cross. He married the non-Jewish Jenny Weichert and became a lawyer. They lived at Stierstrasse 5 at least since 1930. Jewish lawyers were banned from practicing their profession from March 31, 1933; until 1938 Egon Landsberger was still able to work as a “consultant”. In September 1939 the couple tried to flee across the Dutch border. They were caught and first imprisoned in a prison in Gelsenkirchen, then in Recklinghausen. Jenny was released after eight months, but Egon Landsberger was taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . The Gestapo forced a divorce from Jenny. Although Jenny also fulfilled other demands of the Gestapo , Egon Landsberger was deported to the Dachau concentration camp in September 1940 and murdered there on January 30, 1941. His wife Jenny received a telegram from Dachau and could see her dead husband there. Two months later his ashes were sent to Weissensee in an urn . He was buried there. Jenny Landsberger received no compensation for the imprisonment and death of her husband, the compensation office justified this with the divorce from Egon Landsberger.
	James Lavy	Isoldestrasse 6	Apr 21, 2016	James Lavy was born on September 27, 1862 in Harburg / Hanover province as the son of the merchant Sally Lavy and his wife Johanne, née Heiliger. He had a brother Albert and a brother Robert. James Lavy moved to Berlin and lived at Krausnickstrasse 10. On August 9, 1898, he married Martha Fließ in Hamburg , who was born on February 15, 1869 in Magdeburg as the daughter of Salomon Fliess and his wife Friederike, née Seligmann. Their son Fritz was born in Berlin on June 20, 1899, the family lived at Leibnizstrasse 29 in 1907, James Lavy owned an umbrella factory at Grosse Hamburger Strasse 20. From 1920 to 1940 the family lived at Isoldestrasse 6 II on the right . His wife Martha Lavy was also active in business: in 1913 she was an authorized signatory in a button and sheet metal paint shop in Neukölln, Köllnisches Ufer 52. Her son Fritz was able to flee to England , where he died in Surrey in 1994. James Lavy had to take on sub-tenants in March 1939: the married couple Erna and Karl Silberstein with their son Heinz, the non-Jewish Gertraud Engelke and the Jewish Klara Roth. Martha Lavy died on May 16, 1939 and was buried in the Weissensee Jewish Cemetery. James Lavy was deported from Iranische Strasse 2 on October 3, 1942 to Theresienstadt, where he was murdered on October 23, 1942 at the age of 80.
	Minna Lebrecht	Bundesallee 111	Dec. 19, 2014	Minna Kallmann was born on January 31, 1863 in Argenau / Posen as the daughter of Jakob and Berta Kallmann. She married, took her husband's name “Lebrecht” and had two daughters: Else and Caecilie. When her husband died, she moved in with her married daughter Else Ascher and her husband Moritz. They lived in Friedenau at Kaiserallee 111 (today: Bundesallee). Minna Lebrecht was deported from there on October 3, 1942 to Theresienstadt, where she died on November 29, 1942. Her daughter Else and her husband had to move to Stübbenstrasse 1 on the first floor in 1942, from where they were deported to Auschwitz on January 12, 1943 and murdered there. The daughter Caecilie Ascher was deported to Minsk with her daughter Ruth and her husband Alfred Lazarus and murdered there. Caecilie Ascher's second daughter, Edith, married Block, was able to emigrate to England .
	Elsa Ella Lewin	Saarstrasse 15	May 10, 2016	Ella Elsa Lewin was born on September 18, 1906 in Delmenhorst as the daughter of Moses Lewin and his wife Selma, née Goldschmidt. Her younger siblings were Gustav, Irmgard and Senta. In World War I, her father was killed in action, her mother moved with the children to Berlin. The youngest daughter Senta married Heinz Max Panke and moved to Stettin. Selma and her daughters Ella and Irmgard lived in Saarstrasse 15. Gustav had moved out and lived in Prenzlauer Berg, Choriner Strasse 56. After May 17, 1939 Irmgard also moved out of the apartment in Saarstrasse, she married Paul Löwenthal and moved in him to Rüdersdorfer Strasse 49. Ella Lewin and her mother Selma were deported together to Minsk on November 14, 1941, no date of death is known. Gustav Lewin was deported to Piaski on March 28, 1942, and the deportation list says: no apartment. Irmgard Löwenthal was deported to Auschwitz on December 9, 1942, her husband Paul a few days later, on December 14, 1942. No date of death is known. Senta was deported from Stettin to Piaski in the ghetto on February 12, 1940 together with her husband Heinz Max Panke and his parents, Erich Panke and Margarete née Kempner. No death dates are known here either.
	Frieda Lewin	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Frieda Heymann was born on February 19, 1903 in Berlin. She married Salomon Lewin, who was born on February 9, 1896 in Pabianica / Poland. The couple lived in Baruth / Mark and had two sons: Joachim (born 1930) and Martin (born 1931). Salomon Lewin was arrested during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938 and taken to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . Frieda Lewin then moved to Berlin with her two sons. With the help of the Œuvre de secours aux enfants , the two sons were brought to safety in France in March 1939. Salomon Lewin was released from Sachsenhausen concentration camp and expelled from the country without being able to take his wife with him. In 1940 Frieda Lewin moved to Richard Adam's tenant at Stierstrasse 21. On April 2, 1942, Frieda Lewin was deported to Trawniki, and the train finally arrived in Warsaw. The date of her death is unknown. Salomon Lewin met his sons Joachim and Martin again in the USA in 1951 .
	Hans Georg Lewin	Moselstrasse 5	Nov 29, 2013	Hans Georg Lewin was born as the son of the Jewish businessman Gustav Lewin and his wife Ella nee Neumann on July 2, 1907 in Freienwalde / Pomerania. He had a younger brother Bruno, who was born on November 13, 1913 in Berlin. Nora Grunsfeld and Hans Georg Lewin married and lived in Berlin. The marriage remained childless. Hans Georg Lewin was a bank clerk, he initially worked for the company Sponholz, Ehestädt and Schröder, and later for Deutsche Bank . From this he was released in 1936, after which Hans Georg Lewin tried to earn his living as a representative. He and his wife moved into a newly built apartment at Moselstrasse 5 Gartenhaus III, which consisted of two rooms and was furnished with furniture and fixtures from Hans Georg Lewin's parents' household. The landlady, Colonel Johanna Roenneberg, confirmed after the World War that the apartment of Hans Georg and Nora Lewin was furnished in a bourgeois manner: there was a man's room with a bookcase and desk made of oak, carpets and radio, in the bedroom there were paradise beds made of brass and one Dressing toilet. The rent was 71.50 marks. In 1938 his brother Bruno Lewin emigrated to Argentina, he was married and it was not possible to determine whether he had children. He died on July 7, 1972. In 1941, Hans Georg and Nora Lewin had to do forced labor in a radio factory, later at Siemens & Halske, Wernerwerk, in the wood room. As part of the factory action , Hans Georg and Nora Lewin were arrested; they had to submit the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943. The order confiscating their property dated February 1, 1943 and was served on them on February 28, 1943. Hans Georg Lewin was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, Nora Lewin on March 2, 1943. Both were murdered there, the dates of death are unknown.
	Nora Lewin	Moselstrasse 5	Nov 29, 2013	Nora Grunsfeld was born on July 21, 1902 in the Riddagshausen district of Braunschweig as the daughter of Jewish parents, Adelbert Grunsfeld (born February 11, 1872 in Heiligenstadt) and his wife Bertha nee Levy. She moved to Berlin and married the bank clerk Hans Georg Lewin. The marriage remained childless. In 1935 they moved to Moselstrasse 5, Gartenhaus III, in a two-room apartment. Her husband was fired in 1936, after which he tried to earn a living as a representative. In 1941 Nora and Hans Georg Lewin had to do forced labor, initially in a radio factory, later in the wood room at Siemens & Halske. As part of the factory action, Hans Georg and Nora Lewin were arrested; they had to submit the declaration of assets on February 28, 1943. The order confiscating their property dated February 1, 1943 and was served on them on February 28, 1943. Hans Georg Lewin was deported to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, Nora Lewin on March 2, 1943. Both were murdered there, the dates of death are unknown.
	Selma Lewin	Saarstrasse 15	May 10, 2016	Selma Goldschmidt was born on February 14, 1882 in Danzig as the daughter of Isaak Goldschmidt and his wife Henriette, nee Paradies. She married Moses Lewin. He had seven brothers: Hermann, Isidor, Benjamin, Adolf, Siegmund, Alex and Gustav and three sisters: Jenny, Clara and Berta. Selma and Moses Lewin often moved: their daughter Elsa was born in Delmenhorst in 1906, their son Gustav followed in Bremen in 1908, Irmgard was born in Hanover in 1909 and the last was Senta in Berlin (1913). Then the family moved to East Prussia, the family lived in Burdungen, Neidenburg, Moses Lewin went to World War I as a sergeant and died in combat in March 1915. Selma and the children moved to Berlin. The youngest daughter Senta married Heinz Max Panke from Stettin and moved to Stettin . Selma and her daughters Ella and Irmgard lived at Saarstrasse 15. Gustav had moved out and lived in Prenzlauer Berg, Choriner Strasse 56. After May 17, 1939, Irmgard also moved out, she married Paul Löwenthal, born February 7, 1906 in Berlin, and moved in with him at Rüdersdorfer Strasse 49. She had to do forced labor at Zeiss-Ikon in Berlin-Steglitz, Holsteinische Strasse 42. Selma Lewin and her daughter Ella were deported together to Minsk on November 14, 1941 , no date of death is known. Gustav Lewin was deported to Piaski on March 28, 1942, and the deportation list says: no apartment. Irmgard Löwenthal was deported to Auschwitz on December 9, 1942, her husband Paul a few days later, on December 14, 1942. No date of death is known. The daughter Senta was deported from Stettin to the Piaski ghetto on February 12, 1940, together with her husband Heinz Max Panke and his parents, Erich Panke and Margarete née Kempner. No death dates are known here either.
	Regina Lewitt	Holsteinische Strasse 34	Dec 8, 2010	Regina Friedländer was born on March 11, 1872 in Berlin into a Jewish family. She married the businessman Werner Lewitt and they had two children: Bernhard (born 1899) and Johanna (born 1904). Bernhard fought in the First World War. Werner Lewitt died in 1917, the widowed Regina Lewitt and her children first moved to Menckenstrasse 8, then to Holsteinische Strasse 34 in Friedenau. Bernhard Lewitt no longer lived with his mother. Regina's daughter Johanna had married the merchant Werner Holz, who had moved to her and her mother's in Holsteinische Strasse. Johanna and Werner Holz had their son Jürgen Rudolf on January 11, 1929. In the following years Werner Holz worked as an insurance agent. In 1935 Bernhard Lewitt emigrated to Holland , his fiancée Frieda Kuhnt followed him. Both survived underground. Johanna, Werner and Jürgen Rudolf Holz were deported from the apartment at Holsteinische Strasse 34 to Riga on November 27, 1941 and shot there on November 30, 1941 in the Rumbula forest. Regina Lewitt had to move out of Holsteinische Strasse and move into a so-called “Jewish apartment” at Prager Strasse 26. From there she was deported to Riga on January 13, 1942 and murdered at an unknown date. Her daughter-in-law Frieda Lewitt-Kuhnt returned to Berlin after the death of her husband in Holland and arranged for the laying of stumbling blocks for her murdered family members.
	Clara Lichtenstein	Bennigsenstrasse 16	Feb 22, 2020	Clara Jacob was born on April 18, 1865 in Nakel (Naklo) / Wirsitz in a Jewish family. She studied at the teacher training institute Schneidemühl-Bromberg and became a teacher. She married the pharmacist Louis Ludwig Lichtenstein, their children were born: Julius (1895), Dora (1897) and Ernst (1900). Her husband died in 1901, and Clara Lichtenstein moved to Berlin with her three small children. After leaving school, all three children were able to study, Julius studied law and until 1933 was a regional and district court advisor in Limburg an der Lahn, Dora first studied political economy, later she trained as a foreign correspondent and a Jewish religious teacher, Ernst studied medicine. Clara Lichtenstein always lived with her unmarried daughter Dora, initially in a four-room apartment at Kaiser-Friedrich-Strasse 84 in Charlottenburg, in 1933 they moved to Gleditschstrasse 26, and in 1940 they finally had to move to two rooms in a large apartment in the Luitpoldstrasse 46 and in November 1942 move into a one-room apartment at Bennigsenstrasse 16 at the front of the mezzanine floor. Her son Ernst had emigrated to Shanghai before the outbreak of war, where he died on February 28, 1943. Her son Julius was taken into “protective custody” in March 1933 because of his declared opposition to the National Socialists. When he was released, he fled with his wife and two small children to Switzerland, later to France and the USA. Clara Lichtenstein was in need of care and because her daughter could not look after her because of her job, she moved in January 1943 to the Jewish hospital at Auguststrasse 14/15. From there she was deported to Theresienstadt on May 28, 1943, where she died on June 6, 1943.
	Dora Lichtenstein	Bennigsenstrasse 16	Feb 22, 2020	Dora Lichtenstein was born on February 16, 1897 in Culmsee / Thorn as the daughter of the pharmacist Louis Ludwig Lichtenstein and his wife Clara née Jacob. She had an older brother Julius (1895 Tapiau) and a younger brother Ernst (1900). Her father died in 1901 and her mother moved to Berlin with her three children. She had attended the teacher training institute Schneidemühl-Bromberg and was thus able to support her family. Dora first studied economics, after two years she dropped out and learned English, French, typewriter and shorthand. She also attended a Jewish teacher training college, learned Hebrew and religious history, and passed the examination to become a Jewish religion teacher. In the following years she worked as a teacher for Hebrew and religion, but not full-time, more as a part-time job. In addition, she worked as a well-paid foreign correspondent for the management of the discount company. When the National Socialists came to power, their working conditions deteriorated: the monthly notice period was changed to a one-day notice period, and their salary was also reduced. From 1934/1935 she was still able to work as a private secretary for one of the bank directors until this was banned completely and Dora Lichtenstein was dismissed without notice and without a pension. She was able to work as a foreign correspondent in the emigration service in a poorly paid position at the Jewish community. Dora Lichtenstein never married, she always lived with her mother. In 1933 they moved from a four-room apartment at 84 Kaiser-Friedrich-Strasse in Charlottenburg to a two-room apartment at 26 Gleditschstrasse, and in 1940/41 they had to move into two rooms in a large apartment at 46 Luitpoldstrasse finally in mid-November 1942 in a one-room apartment at Bennigsenstrasse 16 at the front of the mezzanine floor. In January 1943, Clara Lichtenstein came to the Jüdisches Siechenheim Augustraße 14/15, where she lived until she was deported in May 1943. Dora Lichtenstein was abducted from her workplace on March 9, 1943 as part of the factory campaign and deported to Auschwitz on March 12, 1943. The date of her death is unknown.
	Bertha Liepmann	Stierstrasse 18	Oct 21, 2011	Bertha Liepmann was born on May 13, 1888 in Berlin as the daughter of the rentier Josef Liepmann and his wife Bianca nee Schlesinger. Her father died in 1900 and was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Weißensee. Bertha remained single and at least from 1939 lived in Friedenau at Stierstrasse 18 with her mother. She died on June 26, 1940 and was buried next to her husband. Bertha Liepmann had to move again, she was deported from Dahlmannstrasse 1 on June 13, 1942 to the Sobibor extermination camp. There she was presumably murdered immediately.
	Henriette Lindemann	Laubacher Strasse 28	Sep 2007	Henriette Feltenberg was born on February 18, 1874 in Görlitz as the daughter of the businessman Jakob Feltenberg and his wife Bertha, née Landau. She moved to Berlin and married the Jewish carpenter and furniture dealer Hermann Lindemann on December 6, 1906, who was born in Berent on October 29, 1870. In 1920 Henriette Lindemann was already a widow and lived at Weserstraße 5. In 1939 she lived at Laubacher Straße 28 in Friedenau, and later she had to do forced labor for the Jewish religious association. On July 16, 1942, she was deported from an apartment at Akazienstrasse 3 to Theresienstadt, and from there on May 16, 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz, where she was presumably immediately murdered.
	Gertrud Löhmer	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Gertrud Selig was born on June 15, 1886 in Dortmund to Jewish parents. What was unusual for that time was that she studied and obtained a Dr. rer. pole. received his doctorate. She married the non-Jewish senior government councilor Adolf Hermann Heinrich Löhmer, who, like herself, was of Protestant faith. They probably belonged to the Nathanael parish in Schöneberg. They lived in Lenbachstrasse 6a in Steglitz in a 4½ room apartment. When her husband died in August 1941, she bought himself and herself a double grave at the Stahnsdorf south-west cemetery. In October 1942 she was arrested by an SA man who lived in the same house. She was released again, but had to give up the large apartment and move as a subtenant to Stierstrasse 19, 3rd floor, front building, to the Salomon couple in an empty room. In January 1943 she filled out her declaration of assets, she was deported on January 29, 1943, as a note in the transport list shows, from the Alexanderplatz police prison. The Ewarths, who had been sub-tenants at Salomons since February 1940, and Mr. Salomon were in the same transport. The destination of the transport was Auschwitz and all four people were murdered there.
	Paul Lion	Stierstrasse 21	Oct 21, 2011	Paul Löwe was born on July 29, 1868 in Leipzig to a Jewish banking family. After training as a banker, he founded his own bank: "Paul Löwe - Banking Business", which was located in the Columbushaus on Potsdamer Platz in its heyday . Paul Löwe married his accountant and authorized signatory Anne Kose, who was born in Berlin in 1886 into a non-Jewish family. In 1933 he had to close the previous business premises, eventually he carried out the banking business from his apartment at Stierstrasse 21. He fought in vain against the liquidation of his banking business, which took place in 1937. On the advice of his lawyer, he divorced his wife Anne to protect her from further Nazi attacks. Even after the divorce, the couple lived together illegally. Paul Löwe was deported to Theresienstadt on September 23, 1942, where he died on January 11, 1943.
	Elisabeth the Lionheart	Stierstrasse 4	Oct 21, 2011	Elisabeth Henriette Leyser was born on November 16, 1887 in Krefeld as the daughter of Salomon Leyser and his wife Helene nee Ballin. She moved to Berlin and in 1912 married Hermann Loewenherz, a bank authorized representative. Their daughter Hella was born on October 14, 1914. Hermann Löwenherz died around 1935, Elisabeth and her daughter Hella now lived in Friedenau at Stierstrasse 4. They had to move again, to Elßholzstrasse 17 to Ernst Westphal, a former Jewish district judge. D. Elisabeth Loewenherz was deported to Riga on January 25, 1941 on the 10th transport. On the transport list, she indicated her occupation as “nurse”. She was murdered in Riga at an unknown date. Her daughter Hella stayed in the Elßholzstrasse apartment until March 1, 1943, when she was deported to Auschwitz as part of the factory campaign and murdered.
	Helene Hella the Lionheart	Stierstrasse 4	Nov 15, 2016	Helene (Hella) Margarete Löwenherz was born on April 10, 1914 in Berlin as the daughter of the banker Hermann Löwenherz and his wife Elisabeth Henriette nee Leyser. The family lived at Handjerystraße 30. Her father died around 1935, after which she and her widowed mother moved to Stierstraße 4. They had to move again, namely to Elßholzstraße 17 to the Jewish district judge a. D. Ernst Carl Westphal, a great-great-grandson of Moses Mendelssohn. Helene's mother Elisabeth was deported to Riga on January 25, 1941, on the transport list she indicated her occupation as “nurse”. Helene Löwenherz lived with Ernst Westphal until she was deported to Auschwitz as part of the factory campaign on March 1, 1943, where she was murdered at an unknown time.
	Gert Loewenthal	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Gert Löwenthal was born in Berlin on April 30, 1928, the son of Leo Löwenthal and his wife Hertha, née Galewski. His father was an insurance agent. The family had lived at Stierstrasse 20, 3rd floor, since 1937. On March 3, 1943, all family members were deported on the 33rd transport to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Heinz Loewenthal	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Heinz Löwenthal was born on May 10, 1933 as the son of Leo Löwenthal and his wife Hertha née Galewski in Berlin. His father was an insurance agent. The family had lived at Stierstrasse 20, 3rd floor, since 1937. On March 3, 1943, all family members were deported on the 33rd transport to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Hertha Loewenthal	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Hertha Galewski was born on October 2, 1898 in Berlin as the daughter of Emil Galewski and his wife Johanna Bertha née Cohn. She married the insurance agent Leo Löwenthal. The sons were born: Gert in 1928 and Heinz in 1933. Since 1937 the family lived at Stierstrasse 20, 3rd floor. On March 3, 1943, all family members were deported on the 33rd transport to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Leo Loewenthal	Stierstrasse 20	21 Sep 2009	Leo Lippmann Löwenthal was born on September 5, 1895 in Berlin as the son of Franz Loewenthal and his wife Helene nee Aronsohn. He married Hertha Galewski, the sons Gert (born 1928) and Heinz (born 1933) were born. Leo Löwenthal was an insurance agent. The Löwenthal family lived at Stierstrasse 20, 3rd floor, from 1937. On March 3, 1943, all four family members were deported on the 33rd transport to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	Franziska Maas	Sieglindestraße 1	Oct 16, 2014	Franziska Moses was born on May 18, 1880 in Solingen to a Jewish family. She married and took the name Maass. She lived with her husband and their only child, Heinz Joachim, in a small town near the Oder. The son became a judge and lived in Berlin. When Franziska Maass became a widow in 1929, she moved to Berlin with her son at Ortrudstrasse 4. In 1933, Heinz Joachim Maass was retired on the basis of the law “On the restoration of the professional civil service”. He married Annemarie and their daughter Marlene was born. Heinz Joachim Maass emigrated to New York in 1938 with his wife and six-month-old Marlene . His mother stayed behind alone in Berlin, she moved into an empty room as a subtenant at Sieglindestraße 1 to Charlotte Philipson. From New York, Heinz Joachim Maass tried to catch up with his mother: he paid 270 US dollars to enable her to enter the USA , but his mother did not manage to leave Germany. Between March and October 1942, Franziska Maass wrote several Red Cross cards to her son. Then she had to fill out the property declaration and on December 14, 1942, she boarded the train to Auschwitz, where she was presumably murdered immediately. In addition to Franziska Maass, Irene Philipsohn, Else Kalischer, Hilde Jacobus and Clara Jacob were deported from the apartment at Sieglindestraße 1 at different times. Franziska's son Heinz Joachim had to take a law exam in New York before he could work as a lawyer there again. The granddaughter and great-granddaughter of Franziska Maass, Marlene Kolbert and Elizabeth Kolbert from New York were present when the Stolperstein was laid. Elizabeth Kolbert published an article in The New Yorker about her family history and the laying of the stumbling block.
	Albert Manasse	Stierstrasse 14/15	July 16, 2007	Albert Manasse was born on October 16, 1873 in Berlin, the son of Nathan Max Manasse and his wife Zipora Marie, née Goldschmidt. He became a pharmacist and ran a pharmacy in Elsterberg in the Vogtland . He married a gentile woman and they had a daughter, Annemarie. The family belonged to the Evangelical Church. Albert Manasse's wife died and in 1933 he was expropriated. He moved to Berlin. In April 1939 he was a subtenant at Stierstrasse 14/15 near Meta Mannheim. His daughter Annemarie had married the violinist Szymon Goldberg, who was first concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic under Wilhelm Furtwängler until he fled Germany. In 1934 the couple fled to the USA via Italy . Albert Manasse was deported to the completely overcrowded Lodz ghetto on November 1, 1941, from where he was taken to the Kulmhof (Chelmo) extermination camp and murdered.
	Meta Mannheim	Stierstrasse 14/15	July 16, 2007	Meta Mannheim was born on August 10, 1876 in Königsberg to Jewish parents. She lived since 1930 at Stierstrasse 14/15, garden house, 1st floor on the left. From April 1939 she had a subtenant, the pharmacist Albert Manasse. On January 25, 1942, she was deported to the Riga ghetto, where she died at an unknown date.
	Nathan Michaelis	Taunusstrasse 20	Sep 2007	Michaelis Nathan was born on January 25, 1883 in Berlin as the son of Meyer Max Nathan and his wife Minna nee David. He lived in Berlin, was a sales representative and lived at Taunusstrasse 20 with his sister Hedwig Goldberg, née Nathan, and his brother-in-law Abraham Goldberg, who was also a sales representative. On October 29, 1941, he was deported to Lodz on the 3rd transport and murdered on March 6, 1942. The inscription on the stumbling block is incorrect, his family name is Nathan, he is correct in the memorial book and on the list of "resettled people".
	Jacob Mokry	Varziner Strasse 13/14	25 Sep 2015	Jacob Mokry was born on July 18, 1879 in Warsaw to the saddler David Mokry and his wife Frieda, née Elwing. The family moved to Berlin. Presumably Jacob Mokry had a brother Hermann, who was born on June 9, 1881. Jacob married Johanna Turszynski, the owner of a tie business, in 1909; they had four children: David Martin (born on July 7th, 1912 in Berlin), Frieda (born on October 30th, 1913 in Berlin), Erna (born on January 30th, 1915 in Berlin) and Ruth, who was born in Berlin on September 29, 1918. Jacob Mokry, who was initially the main cashier of a health insurance company, changed his first name from Isidor to Jacob. From 1922 he was a board member of the sickness and funeral fund of the Association of German Merchants in Berlin. In 1933 he was relieved of his duties and was paid a monthly pension of 501.67  marks . From 1935 the family lived in Varzinerstraße 13/14, front building, 1st floor. The eldest son David Martin emigrated to England in 1939 with his future wife Charlotte, Frieda traveled illegally to Palestine , Erna married Heinz Seff and went to Denmark with him and her sister Ruth to complete an agricultural apprenticeship. Neighbors, the married couple Sachs and Johanna Caspary, were shown into the empty apartment. Jacob Mokry and his wife Johanna were deported to Theresienstadt on October 28, 1942, and to Auschwitz on September 6, 1943. They were not gassed immediately, but were sent to the Birkenau subcamp, from where she was able to send a message to her children. Jacob Mokry was murdered on January 2, 1943. His grandchildren and several great-grandchildren now live in Israel, changed the family name to "Moked" and took part in the laying of the Stolperstein in large numbers.
	Johanna Mokry	Varziner Strasse 13/14	25 Sep 2015	Johanna Turszynski was born on November 11, 1876 in Danzig as the daughter of Gerson Turszynski and his wife Bertha, born Birnholz. She became a hat maker and owned a tie shop on Greifswalder Strasse. She married Jacob Mokry in 1909, the children were born: David Martin in 1912, Frieda in 1913, Erna in 1914 and Ruth in 1918. Jacob Mokry was initially the main cashier of a health insurance company, later he became a board member of the health and funeral fund of the Association of German Merchants in Berlin. In 1933 he was relieved of his duties and was paid a monthly pension of 501.67  marks . From 1935 the family lived in Varzinerstraße 13/14, front building, 1st floor. The eldest son David Martin emigrated to England in 1939 with his future wife Charlotte, Frieda traveled illegally to Palestine, Erna married Heinz Seff and went to Denmark with him and her sister Ruth to complete an agricultural apprenticeship. Neighbors, the married couple Sachs and Johanna Caspary, were shown into the empty apartment. On October 28, 1942, Johanna Mokry and her husband were deported to Theresienstadt and on September 6, 1943 to Auschwitz. They were not gassed immediately, but were sent to the Birkenau subcamp, from where she was able to send a message to her children. Jacob Mokry was murdered on January 2, 1943, the date of Johanna Mokry's death is not known. Her grandchildren and several great-grandchildren now live in Israel , changed the family name to "Moked" and took part in the laying of the Stolperstein in large numbers.
	Ruth Mokry	Varziner Strasse 13/14	25 Sep 2015	Ruth Mokry was born on September 29, 1918 in Berlin as the daughter of Jacob Mokry and his wife Johanna nee Turszynski. She had an older brother, David Martin, and two older sisters, Frieda and Erna. Her father was the main cashier of a health insurance company and later became a board member of one of them. In 1933 he was relieved of his duties and received a small pension. This is probably why the family moved to Varzinerstraße 13/14 in 1935. In 1939 all four siblings were able to leave: David Martin with his future wife to England , Frieda to Palestine , Erna with her husband Heinz Seff and Ruth to Denmark , where Ruth worked on a poultry farm. There she joined a group of young German Jews who called themselves Der neue Weg and who wanted to get to Palestine on their own. As machines for export to Turkey were being manufactured in a nearby factory , some of them, including Ruth, decided to hide in the railroad cars with the machines in order to get to Turkey in this way. The wagons should remain sealed during transit through Germany and should not be checked. In July 1943 Ruth was taken from the wagon in Warnemünde , her date of death is unknown.
	Henriette Ney	Bundesallee 79A	6 Dec 2019	Henriette Mandel was born on November 18, 1865 in Albisheim an der Pfrimm / Kirchheimbolanden as the daughter of Michael Mandel and his wife Gertrude nee Rothschild. She married the horse dealer Isaac Ney in Albisheim in 1890 and lived with him in Kaiserslautern. The children were born: Johanna on August 21, 1893, Markus Alfred on December 21, 1894 and Kurt Paul on September 21, 1899. Her husband died in Kaiserslautern in 1934, Henriette Ney moved to Berlin with her married daughter Johanna Kleinberger. She had a daughter Pauline Lotte, born on February 18, 1921. The family lived in Friedenau at Rheinstrasse 28 III until 1934, and in 1935 they moved to Kaiserallee 79 a (now Bundesallee), possibly to accommodate Henriette Ney in a larger apartment to be able to. Henriette Ney was deported to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942, where she was murdered on January 23, 1943. The cause of death was officially cardiac muscle degeneration, in fact she probably starved to death. Her daughter Johanna and her husband Albert Kleinberger committed suicide on March 1, 1943. Henriette Ney's sons, Markus Alfred and Kurt Paul, were able to leave Liverpool for the USA in 1940, Henriette's granddaughter Pauline Lotte was able to emigrate to England, she married and had two children.
	Stanislaus Count of Nayhauss-Cormons	Stierstrasse 4	21 Sep 2009	Stanislaus Maria Julius Ferdinand Klemens Franz Karl, Count of Nayhauß-Cormons was born on May 7, 1875 at Niederbaumgarten Castle in Silesia as a child of Julius Caesar Nikolaus Joseph Leopold, Count of Nayhauß-Cormons and his wife Anna née von Treskow. He decided to become an officer, served in various cavalry regiments and suffered serious injuries when he fell, so that he ended his career as a racing rider in 1912. During the First World War he served as a squadron leader. Because of a war injury he spent a spa stay on Lake Constance; as a result of a misunderstanding he was suspected of being a spy, charged with treason and sentenced initially to death and later to life imprisonment. He spent almost four years in prison until he was rehabilitated and released in 1919. After divorce and relocation to Berlin, he worked as a business broker in large-scale industry, and was also a film producer. He married his second wife, Erika von Mosengeil, and their sons Mainhardt and Engelbert were born. The family lived at Stierstrasse 4 from the 1930s onwards. Political articles written by Nayhauß-Cormons, through which he first supported the policies of the center, then those of the German Nationalists. In 1931 he published a thirty-page brochure under the pseudonym Clemens von Caramon: Leader of the Third Reich , in which he published short portraits of several Nazi representatives including their criminal past. This brochure was published in an edition of 60,000 and listed the offenses and crimes of individual NSDAP members. Von Nayhauß-Cormons distributed this brochure himself on lecture tours. As early as 1932 he was targeted by the National Socialists: while on a lecture tour in Halberstadt, he and his wife were threatened by the Nazis. Nevertheless, he continued after the seizure of power continues its presentations of the Nazis. On March 7, 1933, SS men raided the family's apartment at Stierstrasse 4, von Nayhauß-Cormons was not in the apartment, but on a lecture tour in Düsseldorf. His wife Erika filed a criminal complaint, but the family was further assaulted over the next few days. On June 26, 1933, Count Stanislaus von Nayhauß-Cormons was taken into “protective custody” by the police in Breslau and taken to the police station in Opole. On July 20, 1933, his hands and feet were handcuffed and he was weighed down with a stone. He was found dead from a pond near Opole. His face was ruined, a leg was broken. His wife Erika persistently tried to clarify: she obtained an admission from the Gestapo and a small pension.
	Bruno Pasch	Handjerystrasse 86	3rd June 2013	Bruno Pasch was born on September 4, 1889. He was a traveling salesman by profession, remained single and lived with his sisters Alice and Elsbeth at Handjerystraße 86. Bruno left Germany in 1939 and went to Antwerp. There he was arrested on January 4, 1942 and transported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he died on January 29, 1942. The Sachsenhausen concentration camp issued a death certificate from which it can be seen that Bruno Pasch died of "heart failure". His sister Alice was able to ensure that Bruno Pasch found his final resting place on March 20, 1942 in the Jewish cemetery in Weißensee (urn burial). His sisters Alice and Elsbeth continued to live at Handjerystraße 86 until spring 1941. Alice, a secondary school teacher, and Elsbeth, a masseuse by profession, were forcibly relocated to Wilhelmsaue 136 ( Wilmersdorf ) before the death transport to Auschwitz . Your stumbling blocks are already there. Bruno was 53 years old. He was murdered on January 29, 1942. Elsbeth is 57 and Alice is 54 years old.
	Heinrich Arrow	Perelsplatz 15	Feb 21, 2020	Heinrich Pfeil was born on October 3, 1920 in Berlin as the son of Moritz Pfeil and his wife Rosalie Charlotte, nee Freund. They lived at Maybachplatz 15 in Friedenau, today Perelsplatz. Heinrich, who had initially attended the Helmholtz Realgymnasium, had to attend the Jewish Joachimsthal Higher Commercial School after the Nazis came to power. Rosa Pfeil managed to get her son Heinrich to leave for Scotland in 1939. He changed his name to Heinrich Pheil, married and had two children. He worked as an engineer in Scotland.
	Moritz Arrow	Perelsplatz 15	March 21, 2017	Moritz Pfeil was born on December 7, 1867 in Trockenberg (today Sucha Góra in Poland) to a Jewish family. He became a bookseller and married Rosalie Charlotte Freund. They moved to Berlin, where their son Heinrich was born on October 3, 1920. His wife Rosa works as a language teacher and has also been the head of a school in the course of her professional life. Moritz Pfeil ran a mail order bookshop from the apartment, and he also traded in handicrafts. They lived at Maybachplatz 15 in Friedenau, today Perelsplatz. Her son Heinrich, who had first attended the Helmholtz Realgymnasium, had to attend the Jewish Joachimsthal Higher Commercial School after the Nazis came to power. Moritz Pfeil was forced to give up the book trade in 1938. Rosa Pfeil managed to get her son Heinrich to leave for Scotland in 1939. Moritz Pfeil and his wife Rosa were deported to the ghetto in Litzmannstadt on October 18, 1941, where they were registered at Alenhof 21/16. On May 8, 1942, they were deported to the Kulmhof extermination camp and immediately murdered. His son Heinrich changed his name to Heinrich Pheil, married and had two children. He worked as an engineer in Scotland.
	Rosalie arrow	Perelsplatz 15	March 21, 2017	Rosalie Charlotte Freund was born on December 25, 1882 in Landeshut / Silesia as the daughter of Amand Freund and his wife Fanny. Her siblings were Hermann Emil (1880), Erich and Martin (September 12, 1881). She became a language teacher, also for English, and married the bookseller Moritz Pfeil. Their son Heinrich was born in Berlin on October 3, 1920. In 1930 they lived at Maybachplatz 15 (today Perelsplatz) in Friedenau. Her husband ran a mail order bookstore from the apartment and traded in arts and crafts. Rosa Pfeil worked as an English teacher and also became the head of a school. Her son Heinrich, who had first attended the Helmholtz Realgymnasium, had to attend the Jewish Joachimsthal Higher Commercial School after the Nazis came to power. Moritz Pfeil was forced to give up the book trade in 1938. Rosa Pfeil managed to get her son Heinrich to leave for Scotland in 1939. She and her husband Moritz were deported to the ghetto in Litzmannstadt on October 18, 1941, where they were registered at Alenhof 21/16. On May 8, 1942, they were deported to the Kulmhof extermination camp and immediately murdered. Her son Heinrich changed his name to Heinrich Pheil, married and had two children. He worked as an engineer in Scotland.
	Irene Philipsohn	Sieglindestraße 1	Apr 21, 2016	Irene Philipsohn came to Berlin on January 22, 1910 as the daughter of the chemist Dr. Martin Philipsohn and his wife Charlotte born Frankel. The family lived in Friedenau, Sieglindestraße 1, 1st floor at the front in a four-room apartment. Her father was a chemist and writer and wrote under the pseudonym Heinz Welten , and he also taught biology at the Humboldt University. Her father died on June 15, 1933, Irene remained single and continued to live with her widowed mother. As a result of the economic development, her mother had to take in subtenants, in May 1939 these were Franziska Maaß, Else Kalischer, Emmy and Bernhard Bauer. Irene Philipsohn performed forced labor at Osram, at that time her sub-tenants were Clara Jacob, Henriette and Joseph Werner and Hilde Jacobus. Her mother Charlotte died on February 11, 1943. Irene Philipsohn had to submit the declaration of assets on February 27, 1943, and on March 1, 1943, she herself was deported to Auschwitz. Of the 1,736 people on the transport, 385 women were sent to the camp as prisoners, the remaining women were driven into the gas chamber. Because of her youth, it is likely that Irene Philipsohn was one of the group that was sent to the camp. The date of her death is unknown.
	Clara Piorkowski	Goßlerstrasse 9	June 28, 2010	Clara Piorkowski was born on May 14, 1865 in Beuthen as the first child of the Jewish merchant Salomon Piorkowski and his wife Rosalie, née Cohn. She had a younger sister Ida and a younger brother Ludwig. Clara moved to Berlin with her sister Ida and lived with her until Ida died in 1936. From April 1, 1936, Clara Piorkowski lived at Goßlerstrasse 9, ground floor on the right. Clara Piorkowski was deported to Theresienstadt on September 1, 1942, where she died on September 18, 1942 of an "acute intestinal catarrh".
	Franz Pniower	Stierstrasse 16	July 7, 2008	Moritz Franz Pniower was born on May 19, 1877 as the son of the magistrate Fedor Pniower and his wife Ida née Abel in Breslau. His parents were Protestant Christians of Jewish origin. His sisters were Marie (born 1871), Helene Gertrud (born 1875) and Anna (born 1879). The family moved to Berlin and Franz Pniower became an engineer. He worked at the Britz gasworks, Gradestrasse, from 1916 as gasworks director. In 1918 he married the widowed Emma Elisabeth Olga Eyring née Blab, the owner of an iron foundry, in Hamburg, and continued the Eyring & Scheelke company for their children. The family lived on Flottbecker Chaussee (today: Elbchaussee ). Olly Eyring died in 1927, in the following years Franz Pniower married Gertrud Hirschfeld, who was born in Hamburg on May 23, 1890. Both marriages remained childless. When his stepchild, Hans Arnold Eyring, who had also become an engineer, was able to run the business alone, Franz Pniower retired from the company in 1936; he was given a monthly annuity of 225 marks. He and his wife Gertrud moved to Berlin at Stierstrasse 16. His sister Marie, who had married the Senate President Willy Marwitz, had already lived on Stierstrasse. His sister Helene had married his brother Bruno Marwitz, a lawyer, and lived at Fregestraße 59. After Willy Marwitz's death, Marie had moved to Albrechtstraße 59a. Franz's sister Anna had married the Italian national Vittorio Faitini, who had died near Tripoli in 1911. Widowed, she lived in Friedenau with her mother, Ida Pniower, who was also widowed. Franz and Gertrud Pniower were supposed to be deported in autumn 1941, after which they attempted suicide. Because a doctor had given them an ineffective drug, they did not succeed and they were hospitalized for three months. On March 28, 1942, they were deported to Piaski. They were murdered there at an unknown date. The sister Helene was also widowed. In 1942 she attempted to flee to Switzerland , was arrested and deported to Riga . For them there is a stumbling block at Fregestraße 59. Marie Marwitz was deported to Theresienstadt in August 1942 and murdered there in 1944. For them there is a stumbling block in front of the house at Albrechtstrasse 59a. The Friedrich-Bergius-Oberschule took over the sponsorship for the Stolpersteine ​​of the Pniower couple .
	Gertrud Pniower	Stierstrasse 16	July 7, 2008	Gertrud Hirschfeld was born on May 23, 1890 in Hamburg as the daughter of Moritz Hirschfeld and his wife Auguste, born Bibergeil. She married the engineer Franz Pniower and initially lived with him in Hamburg, Flottbecker Chaussee 146 (today: Elbchaussee ). After 1937 Franz Pniower left the company Eyring & Scheelke, which he had managed until then, and they moved to Stierstrasse 16 in Berlin. The marriage remained childless. When the couple were about to be deported in autumn 1941, they took pills to commit suicide. Since the pills were ineffective, the suicide did not succeed; but they had to spend three months in a hospital. On March 28, 1942, they were deported together to Piaski, where they were murdered at an unknown date.
	Gertrud Polke	Stierstrasse 19	March 19, 2014	Gertrud Rothgiesser was born on September 29, 1905 as the daughter of Iwan Rothgiesser and his wife Emma, ​​née Münnich. she married Herbert Polke and performed as a singer under the stage name Gerty Roth. She was deported to Riga and Stutthof on January 13, 1942 , survived this period. She died on June 6, 1986 in Berlin.
	Herbert Polke	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Herbert Polke was born on September 23, 1891 in Berlin as the son of Otto Polke and his wife Rosa, born Markewitz. By profession he was a film salesman, he was a successful cinema theater director. From 1919 to 1929 he owned the BeBa-Lichtspiele in Berliner Straße 163/164, from an estimated 1924 to 1929 he ran the Casino-Lichtspiele at what is now Bundesplatz 14 and between 1926/1927 he let the “ Be-Ba-Palast Atrium ” in build today's Bundesallee 178/179, which belonged to him until 1930. In 1932 he founded a film production company. In 1931 he was married to Gertrud, born Rothgiesser, an operetta singer with the stage name Gerty Roth. In May 1934 he opened the Astor cinema with a non-Jewish partner at Kurfürstendamm 217 at the corner of Fasanenstrasse , but there is no evidence of his involvement. Herbert and Gertrud Polke lived at Güntzelstraße 78 until 1940, after the loss of the cinemas they moved to Stierstraße 19 as sub-tenants of Elfriede Friedemann. On January 13, 1942, they were deported to Riga, where Herbert Polke was murdered in December 1942. Gertrud Polke survived.
	Feodor Potolowsky	Taunusstrasse 11	Aug 9, 2012	Feodor Potolowsky was born on April 9, 1893 in Weilburg an der Lahn as the son of the Jewish merchant Julius Potolowsky and his wife Lina (née Frank). He had an older sister, Erna (born 1892), and a younger brother, Werner (born 1899). The family moved to Berlin in 1895, where Feodor's grandfather, Leopold Potolowsky, ran a well-known glove shop on the corner of Friedrichstrasse and Unter den Linden . Feodor and his siblings attended secondary schools; he himself became a banker. In 1916 he married Irma Erna Simon, who was the same age and who brought her four-year-old daughter Lieselotte into the marriage. The young family moved to Taunusstrasse 11 in Friedenau. In 1921 the daughter Ellen-Juliane was born. Feodor Potolowsky worked as a stock exchange representative for the Fromberg bank; the family was wealthy. This changed with the “ seizure of power ” in 1933: the Fromberg banking house was Aryanized, so that Feodor Potolowsky lost his job and with it all income. Feodor's brother Werner emigrated to Paris in 1933 . His sister Erna was divorced from her first husband Hermann Gysi and in 1938 also fled to Paris. Ellen-Juliane also emigrated there in 1938; she saw her parents for the last time at the Zoo station . It got to New York via Paris . Lieselotte Potolowsky had a natural non-Jewish father, but because she was brought up in a Jewish way, she was considered a “valid Jew” within the meaning of the National Socialist race laws. She had to break off her training as a commercial artist and could not gain a foothold professionally. From September 1941 the Potolowskys had to sublet a room in their apartment to the “half-breed” couple Böhm, the man was Jewish. Feodor Potolowsky meanwhile worked for the Reich Association of Jews and was therefore initially spared deportation. In June 1942 his uncle Siegmund Frank was supposed to be deported. The single 70-year-old from Charlottenburg then committed suicide. Two months later, his sister Lina, Feodor's mother, was brought to Theresienstadt. Lieselotte Potolowsky was doing forced labor at Siemens-Schuckert. As part of the factory action, she was arrested at the end of February 1943 and taken to the Rosenstrasse collection point. Because of the protests against these arrests and because she was not “fully Jewish”, the Gestapo released her again. Feodor Potolowsky and his wife Irma, however, were deported in May 1943. They submitted their declaration of assets, the rest of the property was confiscated in favor of the German Reich and on May 15, 1943 the couple went to the Levetzowstrasse collection point . Two days later, they and 406 other people were taken to the nearby Moabit freight yard . There they boarded the 38th Osttransport. It was the last major deportation from Berlin. The train was en route for two days, unusually long for a distance of around 570 kilometers. He reached Auschwitz on May 19, 1943. Their further fate was decided on the ramp: Irma and Feodor Potolowsky did not come to the camp and were not given a number tattooed on their forearms. They were loaded onto trucks and taken to the Birkenau camp. There her life ended in a gas chamber. In December 1943 Feodor's mother Lina Potolowsky was also deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz. The date of her death is unknown. Lieselotte Potolowsky went into hiding after her parents were deported and survived in Berlin. Her uncle, the Neukölln doctor Hermann Gysi , also helped . Her sister Ellen-Juliane married twice in the United States and has one son. Feodor's sister Erna Gysi and his brother Werner survived in various hiding places in the south of France . Erna's son, Klaus Gysi , who was born in 1912 , made a career in the GDR , so he was Minister of Culture in 1966 and until 1988 commissioner of the GDR's Council of Ministers for church issues. His son is again Gregor Gysi , born in 1948, a great-nephew of Feodor Potolowsky.
	Irma Erna Potolowsky	Taunusstrasse 11	Aug 9, 2012	Irma Erna Simon was born on February 1, 1893 in Berlin as the daughter of the Jewish cattle dealer Salomon Simon and his wife Meta née Hoffmann. She had a younger sister, Thea. On June 30, 1912, Erna gave birth to her illegitimate daughter Lieselotte. In 1916 she married the young bank clerk Feodor Potolowsky, whose name her daughter Lieselotte also bore. The young family moved to Taunusstrasse 11 in Friedenau. In 1921 the daughter Ellen-Juliane was born. Feodor Potolowsky worked as a stock exchange representative for the Fromberg bank; the family was wealthy. This changed with the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists in 1933: the Fromberg bank was Aryanized, Feodor Potolowsky lost his job and with it all income. Feodor's brother Werner emigrated to Paris in 1933 , his sister Erna, divorced from her first husband Hermann Gysi, also fled to Paris in 1938 . Ellen-Juliane also emigrated there in 1938. She saw her parents for the last time at the Zoo station. It came to New York via Paris in 1939 . Lieselotte Potolowsky had a natural non-Jewish father, but because she was brought up in a Jewish way, she was considered a “valid Jew” within the meaning of the National Socialist racial laws. She had to break off her training as a commercial artist and could not gain a foothold professionally. Erna's sister Thea, divorced Jacobowitz, was also banned from working and was no longer allowed to work as a dentist in her practice in Charlottenburg. From September 1941 the Potolowskys had to sublet a room in their apartment to the “half-breed” couple Böhm, the man was Jewish. Feodor Potolowsky meanwhile worked for the Reich Association of Jews and was thus initially spared the deportation. In August 1942, Erna's sister Thea Jacobowitz received the “resettlement notice”. She left her apartment in Charlottenburg and, like her son Günter later, went underground. Up until May 1943, both of them often stayed at Taunusstrasse 11. Lieselotte Potolowsky had to do forced labor at Siemens-Schuckert. As part of the factory action, she was arrested at the end of February 1943 and taken to the Rosenstrasse collection point. The Gestapo released her at the beginning of May. Feodor Potolowsky and his wife Erna, on the other hand, had to submit a declaration of assets, their remaining possessions were confiscated in favor of the German Empire. On May 15, 1943, the couple went to the Levetzowstrasse collection point . Two days later, she and 406 other people were taken to the nearby Moabit freight yard. There they climbed the “38. Osttransport ". It is the last major deportation from Berlin. The train was en route for two days, unusually long for a distance of around 570 kilometers. He reached Auschwitz on May 19, 1943. Fate was decided on the ramp: Irma and Feodor Potolowsky did not come to the camp and were not given a number tattooed on their forearms. They were loaded onto trucks and taken to the Birkenau camp. There her life ended in a gas chamber. Her nephew Günter Jacobowitz was also tracked down by the Gestapo in Berlin and deported to Auschwitz on July 20, 1943. He was young, fit for work, got a tattoo and came to the camp. Lieselotte Potolowsky went into hiding after her parents were deported and, like her aunt Thea Jacobowitz, survived in Berlin. They also helped Lieselotte's uncle, the Neukölln doctor Hermann Gysi. Her sister Ellen-Juliane married twice in the USA and had a son. Feodor's sister Erna Gysi and his brother Werner survived in various hiding places in the south of France. Erna and Hermann Gysis' son, Klaus Gysi , born in 1912 , made a career in the GDR . In 1966 he was minister of culture and until 1988 commissioner of the GDR Council of Ministers for church issues. His son is again Gregor Gysi , born in 1948 , a great-nephew of Feodor Potolowsky. Erna's sister Thea Jacobowitz died in 1988 in a nursing home in Zehlendorf. Her son Günter survived Auschwitz and the death march to the Ebensee camp, where he was liberated by the American army in May 1945. He later lived near Munich, married and had a daughter.
	Marie Rabinowicz	Perelsplatz 10	March 21, 2017	Marie Rabinowicz was born on June 15, 1875 in Posen to a Jewish family. She became a portrait painter, remained single and moved to Berlin. Since 1917 she lived at Maybachplatz 10 (today Perelsplatz). On July 8, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt and from there to the Treblinka extermination camp, where she was presumably murdered as soon as she arrived.
	Albert Rawicz	Saarstrasse 16	Apr 21, 2016	Albert Rawicz was born on August 11, 1890 into a Jewish family in Rogasen. His sister Selma Rawicz, born on June 16, 1882 in Rogasen and his sister Martha, born there on July 14, 1885, married the Jewish Schachtel brothers and moved to Lübeck, where Albert Rawicz also lived in 1920. Albert Rawicz was a commercial clerk and married Pauline Silbermann in Friedenau in 1920, who lived at Saarstrasse 16. The twins Manfred and Günther were born on December 8, 1924. The family continued to live at Saarstrasse 16 until 1939, then the family had to move to Großgörschenstrasse 23, probably for economic reasons, and finally to sub-tenant to Rothschild / Rothacker at Dahlmannstrasse 2 v.II. From there, Pauline, Albert and Günther Rawicz were deported to Auschwitz on January 29, 1943 and presumably murdered there immediately.
	Günther Rawicz	Saarstrasse 16	Apr 21, 2016	Günther Rawicz was born on December 8, 1924 in Berlin as the son of the businessman Albert Rawicz and his wife Pauline, née Silbermann. He had a twin brother Manfred. The family lived at Saarstrasse 16 in Friedenau until around 1940, when they were forced to move to Großgörschenstrasse and Dahlmannstrasse 2 as sub-tenants. Günther and his parents were deported from there to Auschwitz on January 29, 1943. The transport arrived there on January 30, 1943, of the 1000 people on the transport, 280 men and women were sent to the camp as prisoners, the remaining 720 people were murdered immediately in the gas chamber, presumably among them Pauline, Albert and Günther Rawicz.
	Manfred Rawicz	Saarstrasse 16	Apr 21, 2016	Manfred Rawicz was born on December 8, 1924 in Berlin as the son of the businessman Albert Rawicz and his wife Pauline, née Silbermann. He had a twin brother Günther. The family lived at Saarstrasse 16 in Friedenau until around 1940, when they were forced to move to Großgörschenstrasse and Dahlmannstrasse 2 as sub-tenants. Manfred was deported from there to Auschwitz on March 12, 1943: the transport arrived there on March 13, 1943. The Federal Archives give the date of Manfred's murder as May 16, 1943, he still had 2 months to live. He was 18 years old when he died.
	Pauline Rawicz	Saarstrasse 16	Apr 21, 2016	Pauline Silbermann was born on November 25, 1892 in the Schwornigatz district of Konitz as the daughter of Michael Jakob Silbermann and his wife Amalie nee Bluhm. Her siblings were: Emma (January 29, 1883), Franziska (March 10, 1884), Georg (November 21, 1885), Arthur (September 9, 1887) and Hedwig (April 15, 1889). Albert Rawicz and Pauline Silbermann married on August 2, 1920 in Friedenau, at that time Albert Rawicz was still living in Lübeck . Albert was a commercial clerk by profession, the family was economically well off. The couple lived in Friedenau at Saarstrasse 16, where Pauline's brother Georg also lived. They had a telephone connection. On December 8, 1924, the twins Manfred and Günther were born. In 1941 the family first had to move to Großgörschenstrasse 23, then as a subtenant to Dahlmannstrasse 2, front building II of Rothschild / Rothacker. From there, Pauline, Albert and Günther were deported together to Auschwitz on January 29, 1943. The transport arrived there on January 30, 1943, of the 1000 people on the transport, 280 men and women were sent to the camp as prisoners, the remaining 720 people were murdered immediately in the gas chamber, presumably among them Pauline, Albert and Günther Rawicz.
	Isidor Reinberg	Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz 6	March 30, 2012	Isidor Reinberg was born on June 7, 1869 in Rawitsch / Posen as the son of Gustav Reinberg and Lina, born Prinz. He had a younger brother Arthur, who was born on February 17, 1887. Isidor Reinberg married the non-Jewish Martha Drauschke, who was born in 1898 as the daughter of Johann Alois and Maria Antonia Drauschke. The couple had two daughters, Liselotte (born January 12, 1921) and Gisela (born May 15, 1924). Isidor Reinberg had a cigar shop at Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz 16 from 1924 to 1933, the family lived at Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz 6. During the Second World War , Isidor Reinberg's wife Martha was in the Berlin-Buch sanatorium. From there she was transferred to the Eberswalde sanatorium and murdered on March 20, 1941 in Bernburg as part of the National Socialists' euthanasia program. The daughter Gisela had finished elementary school at the Rheingau School, she resigned from the Jewish community. Isidor Reinberg was deported to Theresienstadt on September 9, 1942. He was murdered there on March 27, 1943. His daughter Liselotte had married the plumber Rudolph Engländer, who was born on February 15, 1910. She was deported to Auschwitz on February 3, 1943 with him and their son Jona Daniel, who was born on October 6, 1941. Liselotte and her son were probably murdered immediately, Rudolph Engländer was admitted as a prisoner in Auschwitz , transported via Mauthausen to the Hinterbrühl satellite camp and murdered there on March 31, 1945. The daughter Gisela survived. Isidor Reinberg's brother Arthur had married Ella Tuch and lived with her in Mannheim . From there they fled to the south of France . Both were arrested in October 1940, taken to the Gurs camp and via the Drancy assembly camp to Auschwitz in August 1942. There they were murdered at an unknown date.
	Minna giant burger	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Minna Herrmann was born on February 2, 1862 in Warlubia. Her parents were Nathan and Auguste Herrmann, who had eight children. Minna married Ruben Riesenburger, their daughter Betty was born on November 12, 1904. The Riesenburger couple ran a large tobacco shop in Briesen. In 1919, after Briesen became Polish, the family moved to Berlin. The family lived in Elbing from 1929 to 1932, but moved back to Berlin in 1932 and to Stierstrasse 22 in 1935. There they reopened a tobacco shop. During the pogrom night in November 1938, the shop was completely destroyed, so that it had to be closed. The family lived completely penniless. She had to leave her 3-room apartment at Stierstrasse 22 and move into a room to sublet at Stierstrasse 21, side wing, 3rd floor to the Krayn couple. Her daughter Betty was married to Alfred Oppenheim at the time. The couple was able to emigrate to Shanghai via Italy in February 1939. Minna and Ruben Riesenburger were deported to Theresienstadt on January 13, 1943, where Minna died on April 20, 1943 and Ruben on April 12, 1944. Betty lived with her husband in a refugee camp after the end of World War II. Alfred Oppenheim died there; Betty met Berthold (Bert) Cohn and later married him. The son Robert George Cohn was born in San Francisco . He now lives in Kansas City with his family.
	Ruben giant burger	Stierstrasse 21	21 Sep 2009	Ruben Riesenburger was born on July 17, 1873 in Zempelburg to Jewish parents. He married Minna née Herrmann, who was born on February 2, 1862 in Warlubia into a Jewish family. Ruben and Minna Riesenburger ran a large tobacco shop in Briesen. In 1919, when Briesen became Polish, they moved to Berlin with their daughter Betty, who was born in 1904. From 1929 to 1932 the family moved to Elbing, but then back to Berlin. From 1935 the family lived at Stierstrasse 22, at the corner of Hauptstrasse. There they reopened a tobacco shop. In the night of the pogrom in November 1938, the shop was completely destroyed so that it had to be closed. After that the family lived penniless. She had to leave her 3-room apartment at Stierstrasse 22 and move into a room to sublet at Stierstrasse 21, side wing, 3rd floor to the Krayn couple. Ruben Riesenburger and his wife Minna were deported together to Theresienstadt on January 13, 1943, where Ruben died on April 12, 1944 and Minna on April 20, 1943. Her daughter Betty, who was married to Alfred Oppenheim at the time, was able to emigrate with her husband to Shanghai via Italy . After the end of the Second World War, Betty lived with her husband in a camp for refugees. Alfred Oppenheim died there; Betty met Berthold (Bert) Cohn, who worked at the camp, and later married him. Her son Robert George Cohn was born in San Francisco in 1947 and now lives with his family in Kansas City.
	Karoline Roth	Isoldestrasse 6	Apr 21, 2016	Karoline Roth was born on June 11, 1889 in Schrimm / Posen to a Jewish family. She moved to Berlin, remained single and worked as a nurse. In 1939 she lodged with James Lavy at Isoldestrasse 6. At least once she had to move to Konstanzer Strasse 3. From there, she and the nurse Karoline Meyerhof were deported to Riga via the Grunewald train station on January 25, 1942. The place and time of her death are unknown.
	Jenny Rosenthal	Stubenrauchstrasse 11	March 25, 2011	Jenny Glass was born on February 4, 1887 in Raschkow / Posen to a Jewish family. She had an older sister, Minna, who was also born in Raschkow in 1881. Jenny married the merchant Julius Rosenthal, who was born on February 25, 1881 in Briesen / Posen. The couple moved to Berlin like their married sister Minna Goldberg. In 1935 both sisters lived in Friedenau on Stubenrauchstrasse, Minna at number 63 and Jenny and Julius Rosenthal at number 11/12. In 1940 Julius Rosenthal no longer referred to himself as a merchant, but as a liqueur manufacturer, which was probably due to the deteriorating economic conditions. At the beginning of the 1940s Minna had to leave her apartment, she moved in with her sister and brother-in-law. From there, Minna Goldberg was deported to Warsaw on April 14, 1942. Jenny and Julius Rosenthal were deported to Auschwitz on November 29, 1942, and presumably murdered there immediately.
	Julius Rosenthal	Stubenrauchstrasse 11	March 25, 2011	Julius Rosenthal was born on February 25, 1881 in Briesen / West Prussia to a Jewish family. He married Jenny Glass, who was born on February 4, 1878 in Raschkow / Posen. Jenny also had a sister Minna married Goldberg. Julius and Jenny Rosenthal moved to Berlin and from 1935 lived in Friedenau at Stubenrauchstrasse 11/12. Julius Rosenthal gave the job title in 1935 as "businessman", in 1940 it was called "liqueur manufacturer". Jenny's sister Minna also lived on Stubenrauchstrasse, but at number 63. When she had to move out there, she moved in with her sister and her brother-in-law. From there, Minna Goldberg was deported to Warsaw on April 14, 1942. Jenny and Julius Rosenthal were deported from their apartment to Auschwitz on November 29, 1942 and presumably murdered there immediately.
	Clara Wanda Rothe	Stierstrasse 3	June 7, 2005	Clara Wanda Rothe was born on April 6, 1872 in Berlin as the daughter of Moritz Rothe and his wife Rosalie, née Segall. She had two sisters: Wilhelmine (Minna) and Margarete and the brother Alex. In 1905 her parents died. She remained single like her sister Margarete, but her sister Minna had married Julius' school father, an accountant. Minna died in 1937, after which Julius' school father and Margarete moved together to Stierstrasse 3, garden house, mezzanine floor. Clara Wanda Rothe had lived at Gervinusstrasse 21 until 1939, then she also moved to Stierstrasse 3. From there they were deported together on September 14, 1942 to Theresienstadt. Clara Wanda Rothe died there on March 9, 1944.
	Margarete Rothe	Stierstrasse 3	July 31, 2005	Margarete Rothe was born on August 14, 1869 in Berlin as the daughter of Moritz Rothe and his wife Rosalie, née Segall. She had two sisters: Wilhelmine (Minna) and Clara Wanda and brother Alex. In 1905 her parents died. She remained single like her sister Clara Wanda, but her sister Minna had married Julius' school father, an accountant. When Minna died in 1937, Julius' school father, Clara Wanda and Margarete moved together to Stierstrasse 3, garden house, mezzanine floor. From there they were deported together to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942. Margarete Rothe died there on April 9, 1944.
	Clara Sabbath	Stierstrasse 21	July 31, 2009	Clara Adam was born on July 28, 1863 in Darkehmen / East Prussia into a Jewish family, her younger brother was Richard. Clara married and was now called Clara Sabbath, she had a daughter named Hettie. When her husband died, she moved in with her brother Richard, who was a successful architect and building contractor in Berlin. She lived with her daughter and him on Tempelhofer Ufer in an office building that also housed the business premises of her brother's construction company. When the construction business had to be liquidated due to the Nazi repression, Clara, Hettie and Richard moved to Friedenau in Stierstrasse 22, front building, into a 6-room apartment. In 1939 they had to take in Jewish subtenants: first Frieda Lewin and later the couple Herbert and Alice Altmann, their daughter Hettie was able to emigrate. On September 21, 1942, Clara Sabbath and her brother Richard Adam were deported to Theresienstadt. Clara Sabbath died there on October 18, 1942.
	Rosa Sachs	Varziner Strasse 13/14	Nov 16, 2015	Rosa Rahel Caspary was born on May 24, 1882 in Berlin as the daughter of the horse dealer Louis Caspary and his wife Fanny, née Kallmann. She lived with her parents at Varzinerstrasse 13/14. When she married the businessman Simon Sachs in 1937, he moved into her apartment, where her brother Felix Fawel Caspary lived with his wife Johanna née Isaac. For Simon Sachs it was the third marriage. After the Reichspogromnacht the SS stormed the apartment, searched everything for valuables and stole the family jewelry. Simon Sachs was forced to give up the apartment in May 1941 and move in as a sub-tenant with Rosa and her sister-in-law Johanna to another Jewish tenant in the house, Jakob Mokry. Rosa and Simon Sachs lived in a room there, as did their sister-in-law Johanna. Rosa had to do forced labor at Riedel & de Haen AG in Britz. Rosa Sachs' brother, Felix Caspary, died on August 10, 1941. Rosa and Simon Sachs were deported to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942, together with the 2nd Large Age Transport. There they were killed: Simon on April 5, 1943, Rosa on February 8, 1944.
	Simon Sachs	Varziner Strasse 13/14	Nov 16, 2015	Simon Sachs was born on March 19, 1867 in Schlichtingsheim as the son of the merchant Moses Sachs and his wife Jettel, née Brody. He married and his son Hans was born, who died in the First World War . His second marriage was to Clara Pardemann; Ruth was born on April 28, 1910 in Berlin. Simon Sachs was a trained businessman and manufactured men's underwear, initially with a partner under the company "Cooper and Sachs", then as "Sachs and Rappaport". When the harbingers of National Socialism were felt, he set up a workshop in an apartment below his private apartment in Schulstrasse 53. He owned 15 electric sewing and buttonhole machines and employed up to 15 seamstresses. The daughter Ruth had trained as a bespoke laundry seamstress and worked like her mother Clara in the company. Before the Nuremberg Laws came into force, Ruth married the non-Jewish Heinrich Scheibel. After 1933, Simon Sachs' business suffered increasing repression until Simon Sachs was finally forced to close his business. A National Socialist company "took over" the machines and the inventory except for 1 sewing machine and 1 buttonhole machine. Clara and Ruth Sachs used these machines to sew and sell the manufactured laundry items. Clara Sachs died in 1935, and Ruth's son Hans-Dieter was born in 1936. In 1937 Simon Sachs married Rosa Caspary and moved in with her, her brother Felix and his wife Johanna Caspary née Isaac at Varziner Straße 13/14. After the Reichspogromnacht the SS stormed the apartment, searched everything for valuables and stole the family jewelry. In May 1941 Simon Sachs was forced to give up his apartment and move as a subtenant with his wife Rosa and their sister-in-law Johanna to another Jewish tenant in the house, Jakob Mokry. Rosa and Simon Sachs lived in a room there, while their sister-in-law Johanna also lived in an empty room. An SA man and his family moved into the previous apartment of the Sachs family. Rosa had to do forced labor at Riedel & de Haen AG in Britz. Rosa Sachs's brother Felix Caspary died on August 10, 1941. Rosa and Simon Sachs were deported to Theresienstadt together on September 14, 1942, on the 2nd Large Age Transport. There they were killed: Simon on April 5, 1943, Rosa on February 8, 1944.
	Eduard Salinger	Hertelstrasse 8	Aug 9, 2012	Eduard Salinger was born on April 10, 1872 in Liepe / Posen as the son of the merchant Selig Salinger and his wife Ernestine, née Blumenthal. At least he had the brothers Samuel (1874) and Hermann (1875). Eduard Salinger became a textile merchant, moved to Berlin and married the non-Jewish Anna Bertha Pauline Bude, who was born in Berlin on November 27, 1886. The marriage remained childless. In 1910, Eduard Salinger was the owner of a B. Kayseler company, successor Eduard Salinger, white, wool and fashion goods. The couple had lived in Friedenau at Hertelstrasse 8 since 1931. Due to the repression of the Nazis, the couple was doing poorly economically and had to make use of welfare benefits. Edward's wife Anna had converted to the Mosaic faith; When she died on February 1, 1942, she was buried in the Weissensee Jewish Cemetery. After Anna's death, Eduard Salinger was no longer able to hold the large apartment on Hertelstrasse. He moved in as a subtenant to Isaak Marcus at Markelstrasse 16. After his landlord there was deported, he had to move out again and lived there for a few more weeks Jewish old people's home in Gerlachstrasse. From here he was deported to Theresienstadt on September 14, 1942. He died on January 7, 1943, allegedly of a heart defect.
	Erich Salomon	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Erich Salomon was born on December 20, 1895 in Berlin as the son of Josef Salomon and his wife Rosa, born Salomon. He was a bank clerk and from 1923 administrative clerk in the Jewish community. He was married to the non-Jewish Charlotte Thurmann. The marriage was childless. Erich and Charlotte Salomon had to leave their apartment on Friedenauer Hauptstraße due to a Speer campaign and in July 1942 they had to move into a 6-room apartment at Stierstraße 19. Albert Speer's Armaments Ministry had all Jewish apartments and expelled the Jewish tenants if the apartments were needed for tenants entitled to be demolished. Erich Salomon was arrested on the basis of a denunciation: two party comrades lived in the garden shed at Stierstrasse 19 who claimed to have seen weapons in a box in the basement of the Salomons. On January 29, 1943, Erich Salomon was deported to Auschwitz on the 27th Osttransport, where he was murdered at an unknown time.
	Gertrud Salomon	Retzdorffpromenade 3	March 25, 2011	Gertrud Salomon was born on May 20, 1885 in Graudenz / Poland as the daughter of Markus Salomon and his wife Rosalie, born Wagner. She had a younger sister Käthe Jakobiene (October 14, 1879) and a sister Elise. Gertrud Salomon became a mother, her son Hans was born on February 18, 1916 in Hanover. The father was not a Jew, which is why Hans was considered a first-degree mixed breed in the sense of the later race laws. It could not be determined whether Gertrud Salomon was employed. In 1939 she lived with her son with her sister Käthe Jakobiene. She married the non-Jewish Karl Welscher and had a daughter Eva with him. They lived together in Friedenau at Retzdorffpromenade 3. The son Hans was already a soldier and married Lilo (Liselotte), who was born on May 23, 1925. Gertrud Salomon was deported to Theresienstadt on June 29, 1943, she survived Theresienstadt. Her family members also survived.
	Barbara Scheff	Goßlerstrasse 21	June 28, 2010	Clara Hedwig Barbara Scheff was born on July 27, 1892 in Wüstegiersdorf-Tannhausen as the daughter of Fritz Scheff and his wife Martha, née Kauffmann. The parents were Protestant Christians of Jewish origin, and the children were also baptized Protestants. Barbara had an older sister Margarete (born 1890) and two younger sisters, Clara (born 1893) and Gabriele (born 1895) as well as the brother Adolf (born 1897). When the father was admitted to the Berlin Regional Court as a lawyer, the family moved to Berlin. Her father died in 1911 and the mother had to raise the five children alone. In November 1938 her brother Adolf, a general practitioner, died in police custody, allegedly taking poison. At the time, Barbara Scheff was again living with her mother and sisters at Goßlerstrasse 21. 1940 her sister Clara committed suicide, Barbara followed her on February 15, 1942 by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. Like all members of the family who died in Berlin, she was buried in the family grave at the Lichterfelde park cemetery.
	Clara Scheff	Goßlerstrasse 21	June 28, 2010	Mathilde Clara Scheff was born on December 12, 1893 in Wüstegiersdorf-Tannhausen as the daughter of Fritz Scheff and his wife Martha, née Kauffmann. The parents were Christians of Jewish origin, all children were baptized Protestants. Clara had two older sisters, Margarete (born 1890) and Barbara (born 1892) and a younger sister Gabriele (born 1895) and brother Adolf (born 1897). When Fritz Scheff was admitted to the Berlin Regional Court, the family moved to Berlin. Fritz Scheff died in 1911, the mother Martha had to raise the five children alone. Clara became a nurse. Her brother Adolf, a general practitioner, died in police custody in 1938, allegedly taking poison. On October 20, 1944, Clara ended her own life: she died of an embolism that she probably had triggered herself. Like all family members who died in Berlin, she was buried in the family grave at the Parkfriedhof Lichterfelde.
	Gabriele Scheff	Goßlerstrasse 21	June 28, 2010	Gabriele Scheff was born on September 17, 1895 in Wüstegiersdorf-Tannhausen as the daughter of Fritz Scheff and his wife Martha, née Kauffmann. The parents were Jews and converted to the evangelical faith; all children were baptized Protestants. Gabriele had three older sisters: Margarete (born 1890), Barbara (born 1892) and Clara (born 1893) and a younger brother Adolf, who was born in 1897. When the father was admitted to the Berlin Regional Court, the family moved to Berlin. The father died in 1911, Martha Scheff had to raise the five children alone. Gabriele Scheff worked as an art ceramist and potter. From 1936 Gabriele lived again with her mother and her sisters at Goßlerstrasse 21. Her brother Adolf, who worked as a general practitioner, was withdrawn from the health insurance fund in 1933, he was arrested by the Gestapo in 1938 and died on November 30, 1938 in Scharnhorststrasse Police Hospital. He is said to have taken poison. On October 20, 1940, her sister Clara committed suicide and on February 15, 1941, her sister Barbara killed herself. At that time Gabriele was doing forced labor as an adhesive in the Tempelhof zeppelin building. The eldest sister Margarete was deported to the Bendorf-Sayn sanatorium on September 18, 1941 and from there to the Krasniczyn ghetto on April 30, 1942, where she is lost. Gabriele was now the last living child of her mother Martha Scheff. She and her mother were deported to the Lodz ghetto on October 18, 1941, and from there they were both taken to the Kulmhof extermination camp on May 8, 1942 and murdered immediately.
	Margarete Scheff	Goßlerstrasse 21	June 28, 2010	Margarete Anna Scheff was born as the eldest daughter of the lawyer Fritz Scheff and his wife Martha, née Kauffmann, on July 29, 1890 in Wüstegiersdorf-Tannhausen. The parents were of Jewish origin but converted to the Protestant faith. They had Margarete and their subsequent children Barbara (born 1892), Clara (born 1893), Gabriele (born 1895) and Adolf (born 1897) Protestant. When his father Fritz Scheff was admitted to the Berlin Regional Court as a lawyer, the family moved to Berlin. Fritz Scheff died in 1911, Martha had to raise the five children alone. Margarete became a music teacher. Her brother Adolf, a general practitioner, died in police custody in 1938, allegedly taking poison. Sister Clara committed suicide in 1940, followed by Barbara in 1941. On September 18, 1941, Margarete was admitted to the Bendorf-Sayn sanatorium, which handicap is unknown. On April 30 / May 3, 1942, she was deported to the Krasniczyn ghetto. The date of her death is unknown.
	Martha Scheff	Goßlerstrasse 21	June 28, 2010	Martha Kauffmann was born on March 14, 1869 in Wüstegiersdorf-Tannhausen as the daughter of the textile manufacturer Kauffmann and his wife Clara née Friedenthal. She married the lawyer Fritz Scheff, who was born in Brzeg on September 27, 1856. The four daughters were born in Wüstegiersdorf: Margarete (born 1890), Barbara (born 1892), Clara (born 1893) and Gabriele (born 1895). The couple had converted to the Protestant faith and also had their children baptized Protestants. In 1896 the family moved to Berlin because Fritz Scheff was admitted to the regional court there. In 1897 their son Adolf was born. Fritz Scheff died in 1911 and Martha Scheff had to raise the five children alone. After moving a few apartments, Martha Scheff lived at Goßlerstrasse 21 in Friedenau. Her son Adolf died in 1938. He had studied medicine, had become a general practitioner and married the non-Jewish Ingeborg Roessler. He was arrested by the Gestapo and died in police custody, allegedly taking poison. For him there is a stumbling block at Nürnberger Strasse 24. Clara committed suicide in 1940 and Barbara in 1941. In 1941, the eldest daughter Margarete was admitted to the Bendorf-Sayn sanatorium, because of which disability is unknown. In May 1942 Margarete was deported to the Krasniczyn ghetto, where she is lost. Martha herself was deported to Lodz with the last remaining child, daughter Gabriele, on October 18, 1941 and from there to the Kulmhof extermination camp (Chelmno) on May 8, 1942, where they were murdered immediately upon arrival.
	Susanne von Schüching	Stierstrasse 19	March 19, 2014	Susanne Friedemann was born in Berlin on May 7, 1906, as the daughter of the Justice Council Gustav Friedemann and his wife Elfriede, née Frank. She first married the chemist Botho Holländer. She moved with him and her mother Elfriede Friedemann in May 1933 after the death of their father in the apartment building at Stierstrasse 19 belonging to their mother. Susanne's marriage was divorced. In March 1942, her mother went into hiding under the pretense of suicide, and Susanne filed a missing person report. At that time she was a forced laborer at Scherb & Schwer in Weißensee . When the Gestapo asked her to come home immediately, she drove to her friend Bernhard von Schüching in Groß-Glienicke. This one hid them; so Susanne survived. After the liberation she married Bernhard von Schüching. Susanne von Schüching died in Berlin in 1990.
	Elly Schlome	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Elly Danziger was born on June 19, 1894 in Hamburg as the daughter of the general manager John Danziger and his wife Hermine nee Rosenberg. In her second marriage she married the businessman Salomon Schlome and had lived with him since 1920 in Friedenau on Taunusstrasse.In 1937 they moved into a 4-room apartment at Brünnhildestrasse 3. Elly Schlome had worked as a typist during her marriage, then she became a Forced labor as a car washer for the Berlin transport company. For this she received an hourly wage of 0.75 marks. Since 1941 she had to take in the subtenant Hedwig Friedländer in her apartment. On May 17, 1943, Elly Schlome and her husband were deported to Theresienstadt and from there to Auschwitz on December 18, 1943, where they were presumably immediately murdered. Elly Schlome's mother had been deported to Theresienstadt earlier. Elly's daughter from her first marriage, Lore Gerson, was able to flee to England in 1939.
	Salomon Schlome	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Salomon Schlome was born on April 2, 1881 in Janowitz (Posen) to Jewish parents. He fought in World War I and received the Cross of Honor for Frontline Fighters and the War Merit Cross. He was a merchant and married Elly, née Danziger, also of Jewish origin, who had a daughter from his first marriage. From 1920 the couple lived in a 2-room apartment on Taunusstrasse, and in 1937 they moved into a 4-room apartment on Brünnhildestrasse 3. During the marriage, Elly Schlome had worked as a typist. When the repression against the Jewish population intensified, Elly Schlome had to work as a car cleaner for the Berlin transport company, Salomon Schlome worked as a mail clerk for the "Reich Association of Jews in Germany". On May 17, 1943, Salomon Schlome and his wife Elly were deported to Theresienstadt and from there on December 18, 1943 to Auschwitz. Presumably they were murdered immediately.
	Martha Schlomer	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Martha Schwerin was born on August 5, 1862 in Posen as the daughter of Wolf Schwerin and his wife Rosetta, born Licht. She married Wolf called Willy Schlomer and was eventually a widow. Until 1941 she lived in an apartment on Wormser Strasse in Schöneberg or Solinger Strasse 10 in Tiergarten . Then she had to move to Brünnhildestrasse 3 to live with Paula Guttmann as a subtenant. Another tenant was Henriette Wolfsohn. In 1942 Martha Schlomer was admitted to the Jewish old people's home at Gerlachstrasse 18-21, and on September 14, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt on the second large elderly transport. There she died on September 24, 1942, allegedly of acute intestinal catarrh.
	Elfriede Schottlaender	Wilhelm-Hauff-Strasse 19	March 28, 2013	Elfriede Schottlaender was born on December 9, 1877 in Berlin as the daughter of Jacob Schottlaender and his wife Jenny, née Glück. She remained single. She was gainfully employed until October 1930, from November 1, 1930 she was already a pensioner of the Reichsversicherung at the age of 53. On October 1, 1932, she moved to Wilhelm-Hauff-Strasse 19, transverse building, 2 flights of stairs on the left, into a 1-room apartment with a kitchen and a closet for a monthly rent of 25.85 marks. The home furnishings included u. a. a washstand and a chest of drawers with marble tops, a sofa, a ceiling lamp and a floor lamp with silk shades, a sideboard full of books, murals, a bird stand with a farmer, plus crockery, cutlery, a parade towel and a mountain stick. There were seven hundredweight of briquettes in the cellar for heating . The value of the entire facility was later estimated by the official appraiser at 52 marks. Elfriede Schottlaender had to fill out the so-called property declaration twice, once on October 26th, 1941, the second time on November 8th, 1941. She meticulously specified the furnishings in her apartment. There were 13 marks in cash. On November 12, 1941, Elfriede Schottlaender was brought by the Gestapo to the collection point Levetzowstrasse 7/8, where she was served with the order of October 15, 1941, according to which all of her assets were confiscated in favor of the German Reich. On November 14, 1941, Elfriede Schottlaender was deported from Berlin to Minsk on Transport Da 54 . The transport arrived there on November 18, 1941. Place and date of death are unknown. The Bewag presented its electricity consumption for the period after their deportation into account, 4.20 marks, the tax office makes the citizen tax I for the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1942 in the amount of 21 marks in law. The landlord, the confectioner Bartel, Cranachstrasse 60, had to conduct a lengthy correspondence with the regional finance president until he received the rents that had remained open after the deportation in October 1942. After the end of Nazi rule, no one made claims for compensation, Elfriede Schottlaender probably had no close relatives.
	Julius schoolfather	Stierstrasse 3	July 31, 2005	Julius Schulvater was born on September 16, 1856 in Schönewalde district of Schweinitz as the son of Oser Moritz Schulvater and his wife Jette, née Frank. He was an accountant, moved to Berlin and married Wilhelmine (Minna) Rothe on December 27, 1882, who was born on May 12, 1857 in Radach Kreis Sternberg. The children were born: Bianka, Otto and Georg. In the 1920s Julius Schulvater worked as a book auditor; In the 1930s he lived at Bamberger Straße 18, garden house, 4th floor. Bianka married Friedrich Dessauer in 1917 and a son was born. Julius' wife Minna died in 1937; then he moved with Margarete and Clara Wanda Rothe, his wife's sisters, to Stierstrasse 3, garden house, mezzanine floor. All three were deported to Theresienstadt together on September 14, 1942. Julius' school father died on July 6, 1943
	Irma Schulz	Brünnhildestrasse 8	June 16, 2010	Irma Schlesinger was born on December 19, 1896 in Koblau / Upper Silesia to the Jewish parents Arthur and Gertrude Schlesinger. Irma married the non-Jewish Willy Schulz, they initially lived in Leobschütz / Upper Silesia, where her husband worked as an authorized signatory in a bank, and she herself worked as a tailor. The daughter Judith was born in 1923. The family later moved to Berlin, Judith was still able to escape to England, presumably on a Kindertransport. In 1939 Irma lived in Schöneberg , Potsdamer Straße 185. In the following years she was forced to give up this apartment and move to Brünnhildestraße 8 as a subtenant to Siegfried Friedeberg's; Nothing could be determined about the fate of her husband, he may have already died, in any case she lived alone. On September 10, 1943, she was deported to Theresienstadt on the 96th Alterstransport and from there to Auschwitz on October 23, 1944, where she was presumably immediately murdered.
	Elsa Silberstein	Handjerystrasse 50	3rd June 2013	Elsa Silberstein, née Leo, was born in Vienna on September 22, 1878. She was divorced and from 1934 had lived with her son Walter at Handjerystraße 50/51, Garden House II, ground floor in a 2½-room apartment with a kitchen. The monthly rent was 60 marks, the property management was Investa. Elsa Silberstein had to do forced labor since 1941, most recently at Nordland-Schneeketten at Kurfürstenstrasse 14. She had to fill out the declaration of assets on March 3, 1943. She stated that she still received 14 days of residual wages, had a savings account with Commerzbank with 150 marks, was insured with the AOK and had deposited deposits with Bewag / Gasag. She did not provide any information on questions about home inventory, clothing, industrial property, works of art and valuables. She received the Gestapo decree of February 1, 1943 regarding the confiscation of her property from the High Court Bailiff on March 4, 1943 at Auguststrasse 17. Elsa and Walter Silberstein were arrested by the Gestapo at their workplaces during the factory action of February / March 1943 and in deported to a collection camp, from where they were deported to Auschwitz on March 4, 1943 with the 34th transport together with 1,143 people.
	Erna Silberstein	Varziner Strasse 12	Feb 22, 2020	Erna Gallewski was born on April 5, 1887 in Breslau as the youngest daughter of Josef Wolff Gallewski and his wife Flora, born in Hamburg. She married the bank clerk Karl Silberstein. They lived in Tiergarten, Lessingstrasse when their son Heinz was born on June 15, 1920. Her husband had started his own business as a bank commissioner, his office was at Kaiserallee 81 (today Bundesallee), later No. 93, at the corner of Fröaufstrasse. From 1925 onwards, the family lived privately at Varziner Strasse 12. On March 1, 1939, the couple had to move into the Judenhaus at Isoldestrasse 6 to live with James Lavy. Erna Silberstein ran the household for the just widowed James Lavy for 40 marks a month, the amount they had to pay James Lavy monthly in rent. Her son Heinz was deported to the Warsaw ghetto on April 2, 1942, Erna Silberstein and her husband were deported to the Sobibor extermination camp on June 2, 1942.
	Heinz Silberstein	Varziner Strasse 12	Feb 22, 2020	Heinz Silberstein was born on June 15, 1920 as the son of the bank clerk Karl Silberstein and his wife Erna, born Gallewski. From 1925 the family lived at Varziner Straße 12. His parents had to move out there on March 1, 1939, Heinz Silberstein temporarily stayed with the befriended Toni and Heinrich Busse family at Fregestraße 20. In the summer of 1939 he moved to his parents' home at Isoldestrasse 6. Heinz Silberstein probably had to do forced labor; he was referred to as a worker on the deportation list. On April 2, 1942, Heinz Silberstein was deported to the Warsaw ghetto, the date of his death is unknown.
	Karl Silberstein	Varziner Strasse 12	Feb 22, 2020	Karl Silberstein was born on September 30, 1877 in Czempin / Posen as the eldest son of Hermann Silberstein and his wife Miriam, née Machol. His siblings were Luise (1879), Selma (1881), Julius (1882) and Hugo (1884). He became a bank clerk and moved to Berlin. He married Erna Gallewski, they lived in Tiergarten on Lessingstrasse when their son Heinz was born on June 15, 1920. Karl Silberstein had started his own business as a bank commissioner and had a shop at Kaiserallee 81 (today Bundesallee), from 1925 at No. 93 on the corner of Fröaufstrasse. From 1925 the family lived at Varziner Straße 12. In 1935 his business as a bank agent was liquidated. On March 1, 1939, Karl Silberstein and his wife Erna had to move into the Judenhaus at Isoldestrasse 6 to live with James Lavy. Karl Silberstein did forced labor as a material tester at Siemens & Schuckert Werken AG. On April 2, 1942, his son Heinz was deported to the Warsaw ghetto, Karl Silberstein and his wife Erna were deported to the Sobibor extermination camp on June 2, 1942.
	Walter Silberstein	Handjerystrasse 50	3rd June 2013	Walter Silberstein was born on April 17th, 1900 in Berlin. His mother was Elsa Silberstein née Leo, his father's first name is unknown; the parents were divorced. Walter had lived in the apartment at Handjerystrasse 50 since 1933. He had been doing forced labor since September 26, 1941, most recently as an unskilled worker at the Deutsche Reichsbahn, Yorckstrasse depot , for a week's wage of 25 marks. In the property declaration, which he had to fill out on March 1, 1943, he stated that he was still receiving wages for three days and that he was covered by social security. For inventory he stated: 1 sofa, 1 table, 2 chairs, for laundry: various clothes. He crossed out all questions about valuables and industrial property. The Gestapo order of February 1, 1943 regarding the confiscation of his property was served on him by the higher court bailiff on March 1, 1943. After the deportation and murder of Else and Walter Silberstein, receipt of the remainder of the wages to be paid by the Reichsbahn of 18.82 marks was confirmed by the finance president of Berlin-Brandenburg. Elsa’s sister, Marie Collin, nee also lived in the apartment. Leo. The property management company Investa wrote to the property management agency that the rent for March 1943 had not yet been paid, Marie Collin had been evacuated on April 1, 1943, and the apartment, in which there was still furniture, was sealed by the Gestapo. The asset management agency wrote: "The Jewess Marie Sarah Collin escaped evacuation by fleeing her apartment." On June 17, 1943, the bailiff estimated the value of the apartment inventory at 350 marks. Up to October 1943 the rent arrears amounted to 360  marks , it was paid by the asset management office. On October 18, 1943, the apartment was vacated. During the factory action of February / March 1943, Elsa and Walter Silberstein were arrested by the Gestapo at their workplaces and taken to a collection camp, from where they were deported to Auschwitz on March 4, 1943 with the 34th transport together with 1,143 people.
	Malwine Steiner	Handjerystraße 1	3rd June 2013	Malwine Steiner, b. Lehmann was born on March 2, 1860 in Kruschwitz (Posen). From 1931 to 1933 she is listed in the Berlin address book in Friedenau at Hähnelstrasse 17 as a merchant's widow. Her daughter Nelly and her son-in-law Erich Neumann, a businessman by trade, also lived in the same house during this period. Her husband Markus Steiner died in 1920. In 1934, at the age of 74, Malwine Steiner moved with her daughter and son-in-law to the other side of Perelsplatz at Handjerystraße 1 and from then on lived with her daughter and her son-in-law. Her other daughter, Charlotte Bartel, lived nearby with her husband. Apparently both daughters were protected by their non-Jewish husbands or were able to get to safety in time. In any case, they are not mentioned in the memorial books for the Jewish victims of National Socialism. In February 1943, Malwine Steiner was taken to the Jewish hospital at the age of 83. A year later, on March 7, 1944, the Gestapo asked them to fill out the property declaration. On March 8, 1944, the higher bailiff handed her the Gestapo order regarding the confiscation of her property. On March 10, 1944, Malwine Steiner was deported to Theresienstadt on the 103rd Altes Transport with 55 other inmates. Today we know about the miserable conditions to which the people in the deportation trains and then in the Theresienstadt concentration camp were exposed: cold, narrowness and violence, hunger, disease and epidemics. Malwine Steiner held out for almost nine months. She died in mid-November 1944 at the age of 84. At the end of the 1950s, her daughter Nelly applied to the Berlin authorities for compensation for the racial persecution of her mother and the damage caused to her, the daughter, her illnesses and anxiety. The process dragged on for several years. The request was rejected.
	Franz quarrel	Taunusstrasse 4	March 2008	Franz Streit was born on October 14, 1898 in Gramelow / Stargard district. He became a saddler, moved to Berlin and worked as a telecommunications technician at Mix and Genest (radio technology) in Grunewald. He was a member of the KPD and the Saefkow group , a resistance group around Anton Saefkow . When he was bombed out in Halensee, where he initially lived, he moved to Taunusstrasse 4; there he supported the Jewish couple Adelheid and Werner Müller together with Hildegard Neumeier and let them live there unannounced. Gustav Wegener, who was active in the resistance, gave him a typewriter to use to build a shortwave transmitter; however, this did not succeed. On July 20, 1944, Franz Streit and the Müller couple were arrested. Franz Streit and Hildegard Neumeier were charged, on December 13, 1944, Franz Streit was sentenced to death and executed on January 22, 1945 in the Brandenburg-Görden prison.
	Max Tausk	Bennigsenstrasse 17	Feb 22, 2020	Moritz Max Tausk was born on October 12th, 1889 in Berlin as the son of the dye works owner Berthold Tausk and his wife Elisabeth, born Marcuse. He also had a sister Lina, who was born on February 12, 1887. We do not know what job Max Tausk had. In 1939 he lived as a subtenant in Halensee, Kurfürstendamm 105 in the garden house, 2nd floor. Then he moved in with his sister Lina, who was married to the merchant Richard Crohn and had two sons Thomas and Robert with him. The family lived in Friedenau at Bennigsenstrasse 17 on the ground floor. On September 14, 1942, Nadine Eliasch was the first to be deported from Richard and Lina Crohn's apartment. As part of the so-called factory action, the Crohn family's son Robert was sent to Auschwitz on March 1, 1943, his father Richard Crohn on March 2, 1943 and finally on March 6, 1943, together with his sister Lina Crohn and their son Thomas deported. No date of death is known.
	Alfred Wagner	Goßlerstrasse 20	June 28, 2010	Alfred Wagner was born on September 1, 1879 in Görlitz to one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. He was a merchant and sales representative and lived in Berlin. In 1939 he lived with the shoe salesman Max Klein in an apartment at Goßlerstrasse 20 in Friedenau. On October 8, 1941, both were deported to Lodz on the 1st transport. There they lived at Fischstrasse 12. Alfred Wagner was murdered on March 27, 1942.
	Else Weil	Bundesallee 79 (formerly Kaiserallee 79)	27 Aug 2014
	Margarete Weil	Stierstrasse 19	July 7, 2008	Margarete Weil was born on September 7, 1875 in Crossen an der Oder as the daughter of a Jewish family. She moved to Berlin and lived at Stierstrasse 19 in the garden house on the ground floor as Elly Herz's subtenant. She was deported to Theresienstadt on September 10, 1942, and died on January 3, 1943.
	Helene Windmüller	Handjerystraße 29	3rd June 2013	Helene Windmüller came to Mainz on December 4, 1888 as the daughter of her Jewish parents Josef Windmüller (born September 25, 1860 in Langenschwarz; died May 20, 1917 in Mainz) and Maria Katharina Windmüller (born March 30, 1861 in Elberfeld ; died November 28, 1927 in Mainz). Helene had at least eight siblings who were born between 1883 and 1900. She became a tailor and moved to Berlin. In 1938 she lived at Knausstrasse 9, after which she moved to Handjerystrasse 29. From there she was deported as one of 1009 Berlin Jews on January 19, 1942 with the 9th East Transport to Riga (Latvia). She was 53 years old then. Nothing more is remembered about her. And when it is officially said that she was “lost” in Riga, it means that Helene Windmüller was murdered together with all the other people on that transport as soon as she arrived there. Her sister Ernestine Pauline Windmüller (born May 15, 1891 in Mainz) had married her husband Maximilian Kohorn (born August 14, 1880 in Dürrmaul) on April 3, 1921 in Dürrmaul (today Drmoul ), and on February 21, 1922 she became hers Daughter Ilse Ruth born in Vienna. In 1939 they lived in Pribram (now Příbram ). On September 4, 1942, they were deported together from Prague to Theresienstadt, on September 8, 1942, to the Maly Trostinez extermination camp, where they were murdered. Only her brother Siegfried Windmüller (born October 24, 1897 in Mainz) survived the Holocaust; he was able to emigrate to New York at the beginning of February 1939 . On August 26, 1939, he applied for naturalization in Nashville / Tennessee, and in the USA he called himself Fred Winn Miller. He died on March 13, 1962 in Charlotte, North Carolina.
	Theodor Wolff	Bundesallee 79 (formerly Kaiserallee 79)	June 5, 2004	Theodor Wolff, PhD phil., right-wing conservative journalist and writer, born on July 25, 1880 in Sangerhausen, used the name Theodor Wolff-Thüring as an author so as not to be confused with his liberal namesake Theodor Wolff (the stumbling block still confuses him and gives the wrong year of birth 1868 on); he was a member of the Association of German National Jews and at times editor of Tolerance. Deutsch-Völkische Wochenschrift für Juden and Christians, authored publications against the liberal press and social democracy, was deported to Auschwitz in early 1943 and died there on July 20, 1943; his daughter Edith Wolff survived National Socialism.
	Henriette Wolfsohn	Brünnhildestrasse 3	July 16, 2007	Henriette Wolfsohn was born on January 31, 1865 in Tarnowitz / Upper Silesia to Jewish parents. She remained single and became a cleaner, from 1918 to 1935 she owned her own corsage shop at Rheinstrasse 13 in Friedenau. Until 1937 she lived privately in an apartment on Rheinstrasse near her shop. Then, probably for financial reasons, she moved to Paula Guttmann's sub-tenant at Brünnhildestrasse 3. At the beginning of 1942 she was admitted to the Jewish Olga Stern retirement home at Iranische Strasse 2 in Berlin-Wedding . In July 1942 she received an order to be ready for deportation. In the declaration of assets, she stated her profession as “cleaning lady”. Shortly before her deportation, she wrote a note: “Got away today. Kind regards u. All the best. Your Henriette ”. On July 29, 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt, where she died less than a month later, on August 20, 1942, according to an obituary report of "heart failure".

Footnotes

1. ↑ The “Thunderstorm” action was a punitive action following the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler . A total of 5,000 people were arrested by August 22, 1944; Around 80% of those arrested had been released by mid-September.

literature

• Petra T. Fritsche : Stumbling Blocks - The Memory of a Street . wvb, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Berlin-Friedenau  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Stumbling blocks in Friedenau on the website of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Stumbling blocks smeared one day after laying . In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 29, 2013.
2. ↑ Again stumbling blocks smeared. In: Der Tagesspiegel, March 30, 2013.
3. ↑ Another stumbling block smeared with paint. In: Der Tagesspiegel, June 6, 2013.
4. ↑ Unknown people smear the swastika in Friedenau
5. ↑ 35 stumbling blocks smeared - and cleaned by neighbors
6. ↑ Stumbling block info box destroyed - shortly before a visit from Israel , Berliner Morgenpost, April 27, 2015
7. ↑ Renewed attack on info box stumbling block Initiative , Berliner Morgenpost, 28 April 2015
8. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 401 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
9. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Altmann, Alice. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
10. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Lippmann, Lilli. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
11. ↑ ^{a b} 32. Osttransport - Transportliste 315. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
12. ^ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Altmann, Herbert. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
13. ↑ ^{a b} 26. Osttransport - Transportliste 228. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
14. ↑ StA Glatz No. 40/1887
15. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
16. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
17. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Aufrecht, Adolf. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
18. ↑ ^{a b} 2. large age transport - transport list 30
19. ^ Upright Adolf: Obituary report, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 7, 2019 . 
20. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Aufrecht, Rebecca. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
21. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin IX No. 2161/1884
22. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Bab, Martha. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
23. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t} Compilation of Stolpersteine ​​in Handjerystraße, a project of the Friedrich-Bergius-Schule and the initiative Stolpersteine ​​Handjerystraße / Berlin-Friedenau .
24. ↑ ^{a b} marriage register StA Berlin IVa No. 991/1909
25. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Beerwald, Georg. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
26. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Beerwald, Rosa. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
27. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
28. ↑ ancestry
29. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Bleiweiss, Jettka. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
30. ↑ 28. Alterstransport - Transportliste 319. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
31. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin VI No. 840/1892
32. ↑ 51. Alterstransport - Transportliste 202. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
33. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Blumenthal, Pauline. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
34. ↑ ^{a b} Marriage Register Berlin III No. 840/1898
35. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Brasch, Therese. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
36. ↑ ^{a b} biographical compilation by Sigrun Marks
37. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
38. ↑ Rebecca Schwoch (Ed.): Berlin Jewish Statutory Health Insurance Physicians and Their Fate under National Socialism. A memorial book. Berlin 2009, p. 143.
39. ↑ ^{a b} 31. Osttransport - Transportliste 229. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
40. ^ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Brummer, Fritz. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
41. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Brummer, Ilse Hildegard Ruth. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 7, 2019
42. ↑ StA Berlin VI No. 148/1909
43. ↑ Berlin State Archives, Brandenburg State Main Archives, Berlin Compensation Authority, Berlin Address Book.
44. ↑ ^{a b} Jewish businesses in Berlin 1930–1945 ( Memento from February 19, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
45. ↑ ^{a b} Berlin address book
46. ^ Heinrich Busse Collection in the Leo Baeck Institute
47. ↑ Berlin Compensation Authority
48. ^ Atina Grossmann
49. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Rep. 36A II No. 5207.
50. ↑ Marriage register StA Friedenau No. 14/1916
51. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Caspary, Johanna. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
52. ↑ CASPARY, FELIX digitalcollections.its-arolsen.org
53. ↑ 37. Osttransport - Transportliste 298. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
54. ↑ BLHA Rep. 36 A (II) No. 5806
55. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Chrzanowski, Therese. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
56. ↑ 1939 census
57. ↑ ^{a b} BLHA, Rep. 36 A II No. 6553
58. ^ Cohn Auguste: Obituary report, Ghetto Theresienstadt. holocaust.cz; accessed on January 6, 2018
59. ^ Dresden registry office I document number 909
60. ↑ ^{a b} After Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 430 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
61. ↑ StA Graudenz No. 795/1897
62. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
63. ↑ StA Berlin XII b No. 2076/1905
64. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
65. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
66. ↑ Marriage register StA Dresden I No. 909/1921
67. ↑ 1939 census
68. ^ Cohn Simon: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt. holocaust.cz; accessed on January 6, 2018
69. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin VIIa No. 455/1887
70. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Crohn, Lina. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
71. ↑ Berlin Birth Register StA Berlin IX No. 1470/1876
72. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Crohn, Richard. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
73. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Crohn, Robert A. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
74. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Crohn, Thomas. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
75. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin IVb No. 801/1892
76. ↑ as above
77. ^ Van Damm Bertha: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 6, 2018 . 
78. ↑ ancestry
79. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Eckersdorff, Jenny. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
80. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin IVa No. 939/1896
81. ↑ 4. large age transport - transport list 169. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
82. ↑ Jenny Eckersdorff. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
83. ^ Efrem Rosalie: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
84. ↑ ^{a b} marriage register StA Berlin XIIa No. 29/1894
85. ↑ as above
86. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Eppstein, Margarete. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
87. ↑ 60. Alterstransport - Transportliste 4. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
88. ↑ 41. Osttransport - Transportliste 89. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
89. ↑ A rocky road
90. ↑ ^{a b c} After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 428 ff, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
91. ^ Names and fates of the Jewish victims of National Socialism from Eschwege by Karl Kollmann / York-Egbert König, p. 176
92. ↑ Ella PAPPENHEIM , on goldbergcohenfamily.info, accessed on January 6, 2018
93. ↑ Paul DAVIDS , at goldbergcohenfamily.info, accessed January 6, 2018
94. ↑ THE CENTRAL DATABASE OF SHOAH VICTIMS 'NAMES ver. B-110.3 Ella Feldheim , on yvng.yadvashem.org, accessed on January 2, 2019
95. ↑ Epigraphische database (Epidat): Richard Feldheim
96. ↑ 25. Osttransport - Transportliste 155. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
97. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
98. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
99. ↑ holocaust.cz
100. ↑ tagesspiegel.de
101. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
102. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
103. ↑ StA Berlin III No. 1737/1888
104. ^ The late appreciation of the Fernbach family Der Tagesspiegel of December 27, 2019
105. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
106. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
107. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
108. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
109. ^ The late appreciation of the Fernbach family Der Tagesspiegel of December 27, 2019
110. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
111. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
112. ↑ Stierstraße in Friedenau , on berlin.de, accessed on January 6, 2018
113. ^ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 419 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
114. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Friedeberg, Siegfried. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
115. ^ ^{A b list of} deportations of the 99th Theresienstadt transport - 135th statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
116. ^ Siegfried Friedeberg. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
117. ↑ Birth register of StA Charlottenburg I No. 380/1878
118. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 373 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
119. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin VI No. 3726/1880
120. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Friedländer, Hedwig. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
121. ↑ 14. Osttransport - Transportliste 103. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
122. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Heller, Elly Julia
123. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Friedmann, Selma. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
124. ↑ ^{a b c d e} biographical compilation by Eva Maria Jobst
125. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin IX No. 743/1897
126. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Galewsky, Johanna. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
127. ↑ ancestry
128. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Glaser, Ilse. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 6, 2019
129. ^ Ancestry
130. ^ Ancestry
131. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Glück, Martin. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
132. ↑ HU Berlin registry office XIIa 262/1920
133. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Glück, Olga. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
134. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin VIII No. 723/1913
135. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Goldberg, Abraham. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
136. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Goldberg, Minna. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
137. ↑ 13. Osttransport - Transportliste 378. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
138. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Gorzelanczyk, Hans. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
139. ↑ ^{a b c} 32. Osttransport - Transportliste 303. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
140. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Gorzelanczyk, Käthe Käte. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
141. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Gorzelanczyk, Siegbert. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
142. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin VII No. 147/1913
143. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Gottberg, Martha Marga. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
144. ↑ 32. Osttransport - Transportliste 277. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
145. ↑ Marriage register StA Schöneberg I No. 168/1913
146. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Grünberg, Iwan. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
147. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin Schöneberg I No. 246/1920
148. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Grünberg, Minna. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
149. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Grünfeld, Ella. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
150. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Federal Archives, VZ39
151. ↑ ^{a b} 3. large age transport - transport list 152. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
152. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Grünfeld, Jenny. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
153. ↑ ^{a b} StA Berlin V a No. 577/1893
154. ↑ Maria Gundau. holocaust.cz; accessed on January 5, 2019
155. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Guttmann, Paula Ida. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
156. ↑ 12. Osttransport - Transportliste 298. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 5, 2019
157. ↑ THE CENTRAL DATABASE OF SHOAH VICTIMS 'NAMES Paula Guttmann , at db.yadvashem.org, accessed January 5, 2019
158. ↑ ^{a b} Birth register StA Berlin VIIa No. 1464/1885
159. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Haber, Mariannee. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
160. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Haber, Sidonie. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
161. ↑ 3. large age transport - transport list 137. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
162. ^ Haber Sidonie: Obituary Report, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
163. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin III No. 461/1918
164. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 412 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
165. ↑ 20. Osttransport - Transportliste 109. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
166. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Herz, Elly. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
167. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 384 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
168. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Holz, Johannan. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
169. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Holz, Jürgen Rudolf Juergen. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
170. ↑ Birth register StA Schöneberg I No. 2317/1898
171. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Holz, Werner. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
172. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin XIII No. 667/1897
173. ^ VIII. Transport - Transport list 49. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
174. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Honig, Rosa. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
175. ↑ War rankings and master roles of the Kingdom of Bavaria, 08856-Kriegstrammrolle Vol. 4
176. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Jacob, Ingeborg. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
177. ↑ 31. Osttransport - Transportliste 163. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
178. ↑ 76. Alterstransport - Transportliste 180. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
179. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Jakubowski, Ismar. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
180. ↑ According to: stolpersteine-gegen-das-vergessen.de, ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on January 13, 2015. 
181. ^ Jankelowitz Hermann: Obituary Report, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
182. ↑ Sieglindestr. 1, Schöneberg Else Kalischer , at www.berlin-minsk.de, accessed on January 4, 2019
183. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Kalischer, Else. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
184. ↑ myheritage.de
185. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
186. ↑ StA Wilmersdorf No. 1791/1920
187. ↑ VZ 39
188. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
189. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
190. ↑ StA Wilmersdorf No. 1791/1920
191. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
192. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
193. ↑ collections.arolsen-archives.org
194. ↑ VZ 39
195. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
196. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Kaufmann, Minny Käthe. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
197. ↑ IX. Transport - Transportliste 106. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
198. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Kerz, Charlotte. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
199. ^ ^{A b} After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 347 ff, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
200. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Kerz, Nechuma. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
201. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin Xa No. 213/1887
202. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Klein, Max. Bundesarchiv.de ; accessed on January 4, 2019
203. ^ I. Transport - Transportliste 20. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
204. ↑ Death records of the hospital in the Lodz ghetto
205. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
206. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
207. ↑ Servants' register of the city of Speyer, May 1900
208. ↑ ^{a b} 4. Large Age Transport - Transport List 194. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
209. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Krayn, Georg. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
210. ↑ ^{a b c} Stolpersteine ​​in Stierstrasse. (PDF) In: Schöneberg district newspaper. October 2009, accessed January 1, 2019 . 
211. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Krayn, Irmgard. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
212. ↑ ^{a b} Until the memory shines again. In: Der Tagesspiegel , accessed on June 11, 2013.
213. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
214. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
215. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
216. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
217. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 397 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
218. ↑ StA Hamburg 22 No. 288/1898
219. ↑ StA Hamburg 22 No. 418/1893 and StA Hamburg 20 No. 183/1900
220. ↑ StA Charlottenburg I No. 650/1899
221. ↑ Commercial Register of the Royal District Court Berlin-Mitte 1916 No. 12370
222. ↑ Death Index England and Wales
223. ↑ 3. large age transport - transport list 146. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
224. ↑ 3. large age transport - transport list 147. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
225. ^ Lebrecht Minna: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 4, 2019 . 
226. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Lewin, Ella Elsa. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
227. ↑ ^{a b} Listing and introduction to the list of Jews deported from Berlin to the Minsk ghetto on November 14, 1941 , at www.academia.edu, accessed on January 4, 2019
228. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 , p. 355 ff.
229. ↑ ancestry
230. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
231. ↑ THE CENTRAL DATABASE OF SHOAH VICTIMS 'NAMES ver. B-110.3 Selma Lewin , on yvng.yadvashem.org, accessed on January 2, 2019
232. ^ VIII. Transport - Transport list 35. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
233. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
234. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
235. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin III No. 847/1888
236. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Liepmann, Bertha. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
237. ↑ 14. Osttransport - Transportliste 109. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
238. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin Xa No. 1365/1906
239. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Lindemann, Henriette. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
240. ↑ as above
241. ↑ 23. Alterstransport - Transportliste 281. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
242. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Lömer, Gertrud. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
243. ↑ 27. Osttransport - Transportliste 314. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
244. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 425 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
245. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 389 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
246. ^ ^{A b} Marriage register StA Charlottenburg I No. 728/1912
247. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Loewenherz, Elisabeth. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
248. ↑ 10. Osttransport - Transportliste 150. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
249. ↑ Person-related excerpt from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Loewenherz, Hella Helene M .. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
250. ↑ BLHA, index card of the asset management agency
251. ↑ 31. Osttransport - Transportliste 182. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
252. ↑ ^{a b c d} After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 430, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
253. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin VI No. 1524/1898
254. ↑ 33. Osttransport - Transportliste 14. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
255. ↑ Birth register of the StA Berlin VIII No. 1849/1895
256. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Maass, Franziska. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
257. ↑ 25. Osttransport - Transportliste 146. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
258. ^ The Last Trial: A Great-Grandmother, Auschwitz, and the Arc of Justice , at motl.org, accessed January 4, 2019
259. ↑ ancestry
260. ↑ ^{a b} After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 452 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
261. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin VIIa No. 350/1883
262. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Nathan, Michaelis Nathan. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
263. ↑ III. Transport list of the "resettled" - transport list 104. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
264. ↑ ^{a b c} The murdered people are remembered with stumbling blocks
265. ↑ ^{a b c} marriage register StA Berlin VIII No. 936/1909
266. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Mokry, Isidor Jacob Jakob. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
267. ↑ ^{a b} 68. Alterstransport - Transportliste 272. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
268. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Mokry, Johanna Hannah. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
269. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
270. ↑ Glück, Israel A. and Eleonore Lappin (edit.): The new way - Vienna – Denmark – Auschwitz. Vienna, Cologne, Weimar: Böhlau, 1995. ISBN 3-205-98483-8
271. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
272. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
273. ↑ Biographical compilation based on: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 359 f, ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
274. ^ Deaths in Sachsenhausen
275. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
276. ↑ virlib.brinkster.net
277. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
278. ↑ Geni.com
279. ↑ virlib.brinkster.net
280. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de
281. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
282. ↑ StA Berlin I, II No. 448/1909
283. ^ Danuta Czech, Calendar of events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945, p. 427
284. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Piorkowski, Clara. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
285. ^ Victims database Clara Piorkowski. holocaust.cz; accessed on January 4, 2018
286. ↑ ^{a b} Altona II marriage register (Ottensen) No. 247/1918
287. ^ School sponsorship of the Friedrich-Bergius-Oberschule for two stumbling blocks , at www.friedenau-netzwerk.de, accessed on January 4, 2019
288. ↑ Birth register StA Hamburg 01 No. 1533/1890
289. ↑ ancestry
290. ↑ Transport List VIII. Transport No. 88 Date of departure: 01/13/42, destination of deportation: Riga
291. ↑ Gertrud Polke (née Rothgießer) , at www.stolpersteine-berlin.de, accessed on January 2, 2019
292. ↑ ^{a b} Birth register StA Berlin IX No. 2034/1891
293. ^ Astor movie theater history
294. ↑ Güntzelstrasse 78 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1939, part 4, p. 2219.
295. ↑ Transport List VIII. Transport No. 89 Date of departure: 01/13/42, destination of deportation: Riga
296. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 362 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0
297. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Potolowsky, Feodor. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
298. ↑ ^{a b} Compensation files: Feodor Potolowsky Rep. No. 378.92, Irma Potolowsky Rep. No. 319.296, Lieselotte Potolowsky Reg. No. 22.622, Ellen-Juliane Willieford, née Potolowsky, Reg. No. 402.912, Finance File Potolowsky Rep. 36A Oberfinanzpräsident Berlin-Brandenburg
299. ↑ ^{a b} biographical compilation by Matthias Bollmann
300. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin IVa No. 396/1916
301. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Potolowsky, Irma Erna. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 4, 2019
302. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
303. ↑ holocaust.cz
304. ↑ ^{a b} marriage certificate StA Friedenau No. 329/1920
305. ^ Berlin address book
306. ↑ BLHA, index card of the asset management agency
307. ↑ ^{a b c} 27. Osttransport - Transportliste 317. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
308. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rawicz, Günther. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
309. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rawicz, Manfred. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
310. ↑ THE CENTRAL DATABASE OF SHOAH VICTIMS 'NAMES ver. B-110.3 Pauline Rawicz , at db.yadvashem.org, accessed January 2, 2019
311. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin III No. 190/1920
312. ↑ THE CENTRAL DATABASE OF SHOAH VICTIMS 'NAMES ver. B-110.3 Isidor Reinberg , at db.yadvashem.org, accessed on January 2, 2019
313. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Reinberg, Isidor. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
314. ↑ Biographical compilation: Isidor Reinberg , at www.stolpersteine-berlin.de, accessed on January 2, 2019
315. ↑ ^{a b} After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 415 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
316. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Roth, Karoline Klara. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
317. ↑ 10. Osttransport - Transportliste 201. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
318. ↑ ^{a b} Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rosenthal, Jenny. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
319. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rosenthal, Julius. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
320. ↑ 23. Osttransport - Transportliste 70. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
321. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rothe, Wanda Clara. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
322. ↑ ^{a b c} 2. large age transport - transport list 34
323. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Rothe, Margarete Margarethe. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
324. ↑ 63. Alterstransport - Transportliste 64. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
325. ^ Sabbath Klara: Obituary report, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 2, 2019 . 
326. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Sachs, Rosa Rose Rahel. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
327. ↑ ^{a b} 2. large age transport - transport list 60
328. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Sachs, Simon. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
329. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Salinger, Eduard. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
330. ↑ ^{a b} 2. large age transport - transport list 27
331. ^ Salinger Eduard: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved January 2, 2019 . 
332. ↑ ancestry
333. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 408 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
334. ↑ 92. Alterstransport - Transportliste 56. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
335. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Stolperstein Nürnberger Straße 24 , on www.berlin.de, accessed on January 2, 2019
336. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Scheff, Gabriele Henriette. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
337. ↑ Deportation list Koblenz - Aachen to Krasniczyn Departure date: 04/30/42 , on statistik-des-holocaust.de, accessed on January 1, 2019
338. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Scheff, Margarete Anna , on www.bundesarchiv.de
339. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Scheff, Martha. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
340. ↑ After: Petra T. Fritsche: Stolpersteine ​​- Das Gedächtnis einer Straße, p. 382 ff., ISBN 978-3-86573-808-0 .
341. ↑ Birth register StA Hamburg 22, No. 1104/1894 - in the birth certificate her first name is given as "Ellys"
342. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Schlome, Elly Ellys. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
343. ↑ Elly Schlome. Retrieved January 2, 2019 . 
344. ↑ 87. Alterstransport - Transportliste 359. statistik-des-holocaust.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
345. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Schlome, Salomon. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
346. ↑ Marriage register StA Berlin VI No. 1293/1908
347. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Schlomer, Martha. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 2, 2019
348. ↑ Schlomer Martha: Death display Theresienstadt ghetto. Retrieved January 2, 2019 . 
349. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin XI No. 3624/1877
350. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Rep. 36A II No. 34582.
351. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Schulvater, Julius. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
352. ↑ School Father Julius: Death display Theresienstadt ghetto. Retrieved January 1, 2019 . 
353. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Schulz, Irma. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
354. ↑ 96. Alterstransport - Transport list 98
355. ↑ Irma Schulz. Retrieved January 1, 2019 . 
356. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
357. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
358. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
359. ^ Biographical compilation based on: Ursel Hochmuth, Illegale KPD and movement "Free Germany" in Berlin and Brandenburg 1942–45. Berlin 1998
360. ↑ bundesarchiv.de
361. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Wagner, Alfred. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
362. ↑ I. Transport - Transport List 37
363. ↑ 61. Alterstransport - Transportliste 10 , on statistik-des-holocaust.de, accessed on January 1, 2019
364. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Weil, Margarete Margarethe Else. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
365. ↑ Tombstone Josef Windmüller Jewish Cemetery Mainz
366. ^ Gravestone Maria Windmüller Jewish cemetery Mainz
367. ^ Transport list IX. Transport departure date: 19.01.42, deportees: 1009, deportation destination: Riga statistik-des-holocaust.de
368. ↑ Pavlína Kohornová holocaust.cz in the victim database
369. ↑ Max Kohorn in the victim database holocaust.cz
370. ↑ Ruth Kohornová holocaust.cz in the victim database
371. ^ Theodor Wolff Page of Testimony
372. ↑ Personal extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives: Wolfsohn, Henriette. bundesarchiv.de; accessed on January 1, 2019
373. ^ Wolfsohn Henriette: Obituary, Ghetto Theresienstadt holocaust.cz

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