Mölbis

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Mölbis
City of Rötha
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 41 ″  N , 12 ° 29 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 155 m above sea level NN
Residents : 525  (December 31, 2016)
Incorporation : August 1, 2015
Incorporated into: Rötha
Postal code : 04571
Area code : 034347
Mölbis on the Saxon Miles Sheet, around 1800

Mölbis is a village belonging to the city of Rötha in the Saxon district of Leipzig . It was incorporated into Espenhain on January 1, 1999, and together with it on August 1, 2015, to Rötha. Because of the formerly catastrophic environmental conditions caused by the neighboring lignite combine Espenhain , it gained notoriety.

Mölbis and silhouette of Leipzig from the Halde

Location and traffic

Mölbis is located about 18 kilometers south-east of Leipzig on the southern edge of the wide, east-west extending floodplain valley of the Gösel stream . In the southeast of the village rises the Trages dump (popularly known as Kippe), which was created when the Espenhain opencast mine was opened up and is now wooded, and reaches a height of 66 meters above the surrounding area. The neighboring towns of Mölbis are Pötzschau , Oelzschau , Trages and Thierbach, starting from the north and clockwise , as well as the site of the former Espenhain combine and Espenhain.

From Mölbis you can reach the Bundesstraße 95 in Espenhain in about three kilometers and thus have a connection to the A 38 motorway about nine kilometers away . The bus route 276 of the Central German Transport Association connects Mölbis with neighboring towns as well as Borna and Kitzscher .

history

The good

Mölbis Castle around 1840
The church in Mölbis around 1840
Image by Lucas Cranach the Elder Ä., Formerly in the Mölbis church
The source of the environmental damage in Mölbis: The Espenhain combine

Mölbis is first mentioned as a manor house in 1230 in connection with Hermannus de Melebuz. The manor developed from a knight's seat to a manor , to which the Crossen Vorwerk on the Leipzig – Borna road also belonged. Melchior von Etzdorf (around 1488), Georg von Haugwitz (1574), Innocenz von Starschädel (the elder 1579, the younger 1650) and Wolf von Gustedt (1670) are named as its owners .

Via Ursula von Gustedt, who married Christoph Dietrich Bose the Elder at the end of the 17th century , the Mölbis estate came into the possession of the von Bose family . Christoph Dietrich Bose the Elder had the village church rebuilt from scratch in 1688 with his own funds and equipped it with a capital of 2,000 guilders for structural maintenance . After his death in 1708, his son Adam Heinrich Bose took over the estate, completely rebuilt the manor house known as the castle and created a park. After his death in 1749, his wife still owned the estate. The marriage was childless and so Carl Heinrich Zdislav Bose inherited the estate. Thereafter, the Mölbis manor was owned by his son Carl Adam Heinrich von Bose from 1782.

The latter sold it to the lawyer Wilhelm Conrad Lange from Leipzig during his lifetime in 1789, and it came to the Saxon Rittmeister Christian Adolf von Hopfgarten through a Mr. Wilke and wife von Görne, née von Hohenthal, in 1798. In 1816 the Prussian lieutenant a. D. Joachim Friedrich Gustav Brandt von Lindau, whose heirs sold it to the Leipzig merchant Georg Wilhelm Wünning in 1855. The estate also had a brewery and a distillery . From the last private owner, the Leipzig architect Alfred Rudolf Stentzler, the estate was passed on to his wife Flora Stentzler in 1932, who had to sell it to the Aktiengesellschaft Sächsische Werke (ASW) in 1937 , because the ASW needed the fields for the construction of the lignite refining plant and power station Espenhain. On March 5, 1945, numerous buildings in the village were destroyed in an Anglo-American bomb attack on the nearby Espenhain plant. But the castle and the manor's buildings were not damaged. In 1948 the castle was demolished on the orders of the SMAD.

The village

Nothing is known about the beginnings of the village. Like most of its neighboring villages, it is likely to be of Sorbian origin, as the derivation of the name from Milbus (= high village) suggests. Mölbis had over 30 farms as early as the middle of the 16th century, which were later joined by craftsmen such as brewers, carpenters, farriers, butchers, windmillers, locksmiths, two coopers, liquor dealers, two tailors, shopkeepers, musicians and night watchmen (according to a list from 1747) . At the end of the 19th century there were three inns in Mölbis.

During the Thirty Years' War in the winter of 1637 the village had a Swedish cavalry regiment with 1200 horses "as guests" for almost seven weeks, during which it was almost completely devastated. On Whit Monday of the same year, the Imperial Landgrave Hessian Regiment robbed the village. Several large fires (1764, 1774) also led to setbacks. In the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig Mölbis was burdened with heavy billeting, but got away without being destroyed.

The Saxon rural community order of 1838 also made Mölbis a self-governing community with a community council elected in 1839 and independent of the manor owner. The place was until 1856 in the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office Borna . Finally, in 1856, its jurisdiction was transferred to the Rötha court office . From 1875 Mölbis and the Vorwerk Crossen belonged to the Borna district administration .

In the 1930s, the place was transformed by the neighboring lignite industry into a rural industrial community. Large parts of the field were lost due to the heap, which was heaped up immediately behind the village due to the opening of the Espenhain opencast mine. The Vorwerk Crossen had to give way to the construction of the factory premises of what would later become the Espenhain combine at the end of the 1930s . Parts of its corridor were dredged over by field 3 of the Witznitz II opencast mine in 1988/89 . This swiveled between 1982 and 1987 around the auxiliary pivot point Crossen.

What turned out to be particularly damaging for Mölbis, however, was the fact that the frequently prevailing south-westerly wind was in the exhaust plume of the Espenhain lignite processing plant less than a kilometer away . It was exposed to the smoldering gases, smoke and soot of the plant for decades. The smoldering systems , which were modern at the time of their construction, degenerated into the greatest environmental pollution during the forty years of use in the GDR. At first they were driven to wear and tear in anticipation of their replacement by oil, and after the oil crisis they were operated more intensively without considering environmental damage.

Damage to health, especially among children, was the result, as was wear and tear on the building fabric. It happened that the trees shed their leaves as early as summer. Many residents left the place. Mölbis has often been called the "dirtiest village in Europe". Protests in the form of petitions or so-called environmental services since 1983, in which the Christian environmental seminar Rötha was particularly involved, had little effect. According to statements by the former local pastor Karlheinz Dallmann, the 'undercover campaign' "1 Mark for Espenhain" led to a sum of 40,000 GDR Marks collected, whereby the publicity was more effective.

After the fall of the Wall , coal processing in Espenhain was quickly shut down. Studies on the pollution of the soil were carried out via Mölbis, which confirmed the continued habitability of the place. In the media, Mölbis became the showpiece for the neglected environmental policy of the GDR. The highlight of this campaign was the visit of the British heir to the throne, Prince Charles, on December 19, 1991 in Mölbis.

The great public interest resulted in extensive funding. The infrastructure of the village was renovated, the church, the former orangery and the village restaurant were renovated, and the construction of apartments began. The remaining homeowners were supported in the renovation of the building fabric and home construction was promoted. Today you can no longer see the difficult past of the place.

Mölbis was incorporated into Espenhain in 1999, with which the place became part of the city of Rötha in 2015.

The development of the population of Mölbis
0year 1551 1764 1834 1871 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1990 1999 2000 2005 2010
0Residents 35 yards 31 yards 426 627 728 681 750 883 1030 953 666 355 581 624 594 562

The population of Mölbis has been stable since the 17th century and increased sharply after the Second World War due to the influx of refugees and displaced persons. Because of the environmental problem, the number then fell to about a third. After the environmental problems had been eliminated, the value stabilized somewhat below the pre-war level, but with a different structure. While the majority of the local population was previously employed in agriculture, many now use the pleasant rural surroundings only as a residential area.

  • Möl to 2011

  • The church

  • Pond with church in the background

  • New residential buildings

  • Information board for the heap

  • The lookout tower
    on the Trages heap

Attractions

Orangery
  • The interior of the church from 1688 with a double gallery is to follow the Moritzburg palace chapel . The western arched gate dates from the 16th century. A picture by Lucas Cranach the Elder Ä. (The expulsion of the money changers and dealers from the temple in Jerusalem) , which formerly hung in the church, is now in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden .
  • The restored orangery of the former castle has housed the Environmental History Information Center with a lecture hall and an apartment since 1997.
  • A 10 km long circular hiking trail on the Hochhalde Trages , the highest elevation in the Leipzig area, also leads to an observation tower 33 meters high, which offers a panoramic view that extends as far as the Ore Mountains in good weather .

economy

Medical microbiology laboratory

There is a laboratory for medical microbiology in Mölbis.

people

  • Georg Süßmund, the Kretzschmar (innkeeper) of Mölbis, was one of the leaders of the peasant unrest in the villages of the Borna office, who were executed in Altenburg on July 12, 1525 . Since about 1955 there has been a Kretzschmarstraße in Mölbis, instead of “Süßmundstraße”.
  • The Lutheran theologian Christoph Heinrich Zeibich (1677–1748) was born in Mölbis.
  • The Lutheran theologian Johann Jakob Greif (1699–1767), who made outstanding contributions to the publication of the Leipzig edition of Martin Luther's works, was a pastor in Mölbis from 1733 to 1767.
  • The Leipzig entrepreneur Richard Poetzsch (1861–1913), founder and owner of the large-scale coffee import and coffee roasting company of the same name, was born in Mölbis.

literature

  • Thomas Nabert (editor): In the Pleiße and Göselland between Markkleeberg, Rötha and Kitzscher . Pro Leipzig eV, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-9806474-1-2 , pp. 145-158.
  • Brigitte Steinbach, Wolfgang Sperling, Thomas Nabert (eds.): Mölbis: Our future has already begun . In: Südraum-Journal 1, Mölbis community in cooperation with the Christian Environmental Seminar Rötha eV and Pro Leipzig eV in Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3-9804313-3-9 .
  • Mölbis . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 6th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1819, p. 537 f.
  • Richard Steche : Mölbis. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 15. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Borna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1891, p. 77.
  • Wolfgang Sperling: Mölbis - Lexicon on the history of the village ; SÜDRAUM-VERLAG, Borna 2012, ISBN 978-3-937287-40-9

Web links

Commons : Mölbis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.sachsen-gesetze.de/shop/saechsabl/2015/29/read_pdf
  2. ↑ Crossen in the Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ↑ a b Mölbis in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  4. ↑ Gustav Adolf Poenicke (Ed.): Album of the manors and castles in the Kingdom of Saxony , Section I.: Leipziger Kreis . Leipzig around 1860, pp. 116–118 ( digitized version )
  5. ↑ In the Pleiße and Göselland between Markkleeberg, Rötha and Kitzscher , Leipzig 1999, p. 153
  6. ^ The Parish Mölbis in Neue Sächsische Kirchengalerie , Leipzig 1900–1910, volume Die Ephorie Borna , Sp. 707–712 ( digitized version )
  7. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 62 f.
  8. ^ Rittergut Mölbis (Patrimonial Court) ( Memento from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) in the Leipzig State Archives
  9. ^ The Borna District Administration in the municipal directory 1900
  10. ↑ Crossen in the Historical Directory of Saxony
  11. ↑ The Witznitz opencast mine with a map on the LMBV website
  12. ^ Nina Grunenberg: A '68 from the GDR. In: Zeit Online . August 30, 1996, accessed on December 21, 2013 (here incorrect spelling Mölbitz ).
  13. ^ Mölbis at Christian Environmental Seminar Rötha
  14. ↑ DLF of October 6, 2014 (broadcast: Environment and consumer protection / 11.30-12: 00h)
  15. ↑ In Pleiße and Göselland between Markkleeberg, Rötha and Kitzscher , Leipzig 1999, p. 156
  16. ↑ a b c d Notice from the Espenhain Residential Registration Office dated March 21, 2011
  17. ↑ R. Steche: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony , Issue 15 Amtshauptmannschaft Borna , Dresden 1891, p. 77
  18. ↑ Property of the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Dresden since 1973 - information from the gallery on April 18, 2011
  19. ↑ Excursion destinations in the Leipziger Neuseenland ( Memento from July 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ According to Borna-Aktuell ( Memento from July 21, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )