Multilocality

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Multilocality or Mehrörtigkeit referred to in social and cultural studies and in the space research is a way of life , its when people make everyday life into multiple places that visited in various lengths of time and in a more or less large division of functions are used. Multi-locality is already given when a person commutes to an out-of-town job .

Terminology

In ethnology , the phenomenon of multi-locality has a long tradition of research. Under the name of multi-local residence (multi-local living the topic in the US was) anthropologist Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember expressly mentioned already 1,972th

A comparatively new field of research into social change is the lifestyle of multi-local living in western societies under the late modern conditions of a " globalized urbanity ", which has changed profoundly due to the greatly expanded possibilities of mobility and information technology and has thus expanded people's scope of action . partly across national borders ( “transmigrants” ).

A clear distinction to the term and to phenomena of migration ( immigration , emigration ) is difficult; some scholars understand the multilocal way of life as its hyponym and sub-case . The multi-local living - the organization of everyday life and between multiple residences or homes - will also residenzielle multilocality called. In the real estate industry and its advertising , it is often implied with the catchphrase living on time .

Commuting between a resident and a non-urban job is the broad-based definition of multi-locality counted among the multi-local ways of life. A distinction is made between multi-local living or residential multi-locality as a specified form of multi-locality, day commuting as a daily rhythm of mobility or circulation , in which a person only has one place of residence and usually returns to their dwelling every day.

Advantages and disadvantages of multilocal ways of life

One advantage of the multilocal way of life is the possibility of being able to link the offers ("usage offers") of different locations including the resulting social relationships , cultural, leisure and educational offers , earning opportunities, living and working conditions. In this regard, multilocality appears as a cultural technique or as a strategy for realizing life plans and for achieving goals, especially in connection with education , training , employment , project management , the development of social networks or new forms of sociality . As an arrangement for coping with life, multilocal ways of life can serve to increase life satisfaction by opening up the opportunities of new places as “ living environments ” while maintaining established ties to partners , social groups and familiar places . The beneficiaries are also those companies and institutions to which people living in multiple locations only make their work available through their ability and willingness to be geographically mobile . In this respect, multilocality is also an economic factor . The willingness for professional mobility has developed into a “basic requirement for gainful employment”, which has made multilocality a social practice for more and more people.

Disadvantages of the multilocal way of life are the traffic and its effects, the transport costs , which generate the change of location, as well as the land use and the housing costs for second homes. In these contexts, multilocality appears as an environmental factor , as a relevant variable for the geographical area , as important for spatial , urban and transport planning and as a cost factor and organizational effort in private households . Disadvantages are also seen in the fact that people living in multiple locations may have to endure feelings or states of homesickness , homelessness and alienation ("disentanglement"). Here it becomes clear that multilocality could have an impact on psyche , social behavior , social ties, local ties, spatial awareness and identity (see Third Culture Kid ). For many, the multilocal lifestyle and household organization is therefore only a temporary way of life. The metaphor of the archipelago was used and the term “archipelization” was coined to characterize the problems of people living in multiple locations and their stay on different “islands” with separate social networks .

Examples

Examples of multi-local survivors (Multi Local "Ortspolygame") are about commuters , especially commuters, dual career couples with separate residences ( "Dual-career commuter couples"), Working with two households (persons with occupational second home "shuttles"), commuters , Fernfahrer , Pilots and flight attendants , seasonal and migrant workers , transnational migrants (e.g. “24h” care workers and other migrant workers in the “global care chain” ), in transhumance , in touring theater , in show business , in performance and professional sports or in field service workers, salesmen , professional musicians , diplomats , scientists , expatriates , digital nomads , students studying abroad , children and adolescents who live alternately with their separated parents, partners maintained separate apartments and temporarily live together ( "living apart in together ", long-distance relationships ), wealthy people who have several domiciles (e . B. Jet set members , transnational commuters, "affluent commuters"), retirees and pensioners who afford a second home or a secondary home . In the case of the latter, there are indications that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between multi-local living, old-age migration and tourism ; under the term multi-local tourism , when researching the life of holiday home residents , there is no demarcation between these aspects.

Housing, location preferences, spatial and socio-economic impact

Accommodation forms of multi-local life, in addition to condominiums and rental apartments in particular Room in sublease and in residential communities , also campers , caravans and the like on permanent camping equipment, Cottages , houseboats , hotel rooms (for. Instance in apartment hotels ), rooms in pensions , staff quarters , Boarding schools , student dormitories , guest and boarding houses . Also shelters , dormitories of " sleep-goers " and "overnighters", "mass strikes" and dwellings in informal settlements and slums are among the types of accommodation of multi-local way of life. In many cities and on the Internet, there are many service providers such as flat-sharing centers that have adapted to the needs of multi-local customers and households. In metropolises , high-rise buildings with apartments , apartments and penthouses are being built or converted, often with an integrated range of household-related services (e.g. concierge service ) in order to offer compact apartments in a central location for multi-local lifestyles.

In European cities, job-related multi-locality means that residential opportunities as secondary apartments are preferred in inner cities and in the outskirts of the city, less often in outskirts. This is explained, among other things, by the fact that people living in multiple locations are generally particularly dependent on the public infrastructures and private services concentrated in city centers. In addition, an “inner-city-oriented lifestyle” could be a reason for this preferred location of the work-related multi-locales. In this respect, multilocality also appears to be a factor in gentrification and reurbanization processes .

Certain types of accommodation in the recreational multilocality (in particular second homes that have been vacant for a long time) lead to an accumulation of "absence phenomena" (e.g. closed shutters , omission of flower arrangements on balconies, extensive garden maintenance), which the population of an affected area (example: Tegernsee ) as a loss of identity, social bond and aesthetics and despite the enrichment of the municipal budget through a second home tax as disturbing.

See also

literature

  • Nicola Hilti: Living worlds for multi-local residents. A consideration of the tension between movement and anchoring . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-658-01045-4 (doctoral thesis 2011 ETH Zurich; reading sample in the Google book search).
  • Knut Petzold: multilocality as an action situation. Local identification, cosmopolitanism and location-based action under mobility conditions. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-531-19489-9 ( reading excerpt in the Google book search).
  • Johanna Rolshoven: The Temptations of the Provisional. Multilocality as a way of life. In: Ethnologia Europaea, Journal of European Ethnology. Volume 37, No. 1–2, Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 2008, pp. 17–25 (English; PDF file; 530 kB; 15 pages on uni-graz.at).
  • Several articles in the journal Information on Spatial Development. Issue 1–2: Multi-local living. 2009 (individual PDF downloads possible at bbsr.bund.de).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Former project: Working group on multilocal lifestyle and spatial developments. 2012-2016. Website in the portal arl-net.de . Retrieved July 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ Former project: Working group “Multilocal Lifestyle and Spatial Developments” in the German Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning. In: multilocality.wordpress.com. Blog, June 6, 2012, accessed July 14, 2018.
  3. ↑ Definition according to concepts of locality by Arjun Appadurai 1996/2003 and according to Johanna Rolshoven: Somewhere at home - cultural-scientific approaches to the multilocal way of life in late modernism. In: Journal of Folklore. No. 102, 2006, II, pp. 179-194 (181).
    Quoted from: Peter Weichart: Multilocality - Concepts, theoretical references and research questions. In: Information on spatial development. Issue 1/2, 2009, p. 1 ( online: PDF file, 3 MB; 14 pages in the uni-muenster.de portal ).
  4. ↑ Stefanie Kley: Multilocality as a strategy for exploiting opportunities. Lecture at the 34th Congress of the German Society for Sociology , Jena, October 2008 ( online: PDF file, 397 kB; 15 pages in the former portal tess.uni-bremen.de ).
  5. ↑ a b Peter Dirksmeier: Multi-locality as an absence: a challenge for landscaped spaces - the example of Tegernsee / city. In: Europe Regional. Volume 18, No. 2–3, 2010, pp. 61–66 ( ( page no longer available , search in web archives: PDF file )).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / 87.234.205.235
  6. ^ Ward Goodenough : Residence Rules. In: Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. Volume 12, 1956, pp. 22-37.
  7. ^ Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember: The Conditions Favoring Multilocal Residence. In: Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. Volume 28, 1972, pp. 382-400.
  8. ↑ Compare also Knut Petzold: multilocality as an action situation. Local identification, cosmopolitanism and location-based action under mobility conditions. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-531-19489-9 ( reading excerpt in the Google book search).
  9. ^ Johanna Rolshoven, Justin Winkler: Multilocality and mobility- In: Information on spatial development. Issue 1–2, 2009, p. 99 ( PDF file; 1.3 MB; 8 pages on bbsr.bund.de).
  10. ^ Einhard Schmidt-Kallert: Transnationalization, Multilocality and City. In: ILS annual report 2011. p. 11 ( PDF file; 875 kB; 10 pages on tu-dortmund.de).
  11. ↑ Nicola Hilti: Multi-local living for professional reasons. In: Christoph Hanisch (Ed.): Documentation for the conference on regional labor markets in transition. Proceedings for the event on November 7, 2008 in Lucerne as part of the regional economy and regional development event series. Institute for Business and Regional Economics, Lucerne 2009, without ISBN, pp. 17–30, here p. ?? (Presentation; online: PDF file, 1 MB; 96 pages on rorep.ch ).
  12. ↑ Nicola Hilti: Multi-local living in the field of tension between mobility and sedentarism. Publisher ?, location? 2008, pp. 47–61, here p. ?? (Article; PDF file; 99 kB; 16 pages on uibk.ac.at).
  13. ↑ Christine Hannemann: Being at home, staying overnight and residing - how living changes the city . Article from April 20, 2010 in the portal bpb.de ( Federal Agency for Civic Education ), accessed on November 8, 2014
  14. ↑ Darja Reuschke: Multi-local forms of life and their spatial effects in the second modern age . In: Oliver Schwedes (Ed.): Spatial mobility in the second modern age. Freedom and coercion in choice of location and traffic behavior . LIT Verlag, Dr. W. Hopf, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-11443-3 , p. 247, online
  15. ↑ See: Cédric Duchêne-Lacroix: Archipels transnationaux et agencements identitaires: présences françaises à Berlin . ANRT, Lille 2007; the same: dealing with absence. Continuity and anchoring of a transnational lifestyle beyond territorial boundaries . In: Information on spatial development , Issue 1/2, pp. 87–98; as well as Einhard Schmidt-Kallert: transnationalization, multilocality and the city . Essay, ILS Annual Report 2011, p. 13 ( online, PDF )
  16. ↑ Cf. Ulrich Beck : Ortspolygamie . In: the same (ed.): What is globalization? Fallacies of Globalism - Answers to Globalization . Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, p. 127. See also: Christine Hannemann: Being at home, staying overnight and residing - how living changes the city . Website of the Federal Agency for Civic Education from April 20, 2010, accessed on February 21, 2014
  17. ↑ See article Dual-career commuter couples in the English language Wikipedia
  18. ↑ Darja Reuschke: Multi-local living. Spatial-temporal patterns of multilocal living arrangements by shuttles and people in a long-distance relationship . Dissertation at the Faculty of Spatial Planning at TU Dortmund University in 2009, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17072-5 , p. 80 online
  19. ↑ Darja Reuschke: Job- related commuting between two residences - characteristics of a multilocal way of life in late modernism . In: Comparative Population Studies - Journal for Population Science , vol. 35 (1/2010), pp. 135–164
  20. ^ Carla Neuhaus: Life as digital nomads . Article from May 11, 2014 in the portal tagesspiegel.de , accessed on May 11, 2014
  21. ↑ Simone Utler: Commuting children of divorce: In the train of the family nomads . Article from March 15, 2010 in the portal spiegel.de , accessed on July 13, 2014
  22. ^ Project multilocality of the family (Schumpeter research group) . Website in the portal dji.de ( German Youth Institute ), accessed on July 13, 2014
  23. ^ Uwe Schellenberger: Transmigration as a lifestyle. Self-images and experiences of commuters between Germany and New Zealand . Dissertation Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 2011, Munich contributions to folklore, Volume 41, Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-8309-2559-0 , p. 195, online
  24. ↑ Daniella Seidl: "We are making our Italy here ...". Multilocal German holiday home owners . Dissertation at the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 2009, Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-8309-2211-7 , online
  25. ↑ See the term overnighter in the dict.cc portal
  26. ↑ Jens Hagen: Where "Tiger Women" like to move in . Article from September 11, 2014 in the portal handelsblatt.com , accessed on September 11, 2014
  27. ↑ Knut Petzold: The European city and multilocal ways of life: A relationship with a future? In: Oliver Frey, Florian Koch (ed.): The future of the European city. Urban politics, urban planning and urban society in transition . Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-17156-2 , p. 166, online