National Medal of Technology and Innovation
The National Medal of Technology and Innovation (until 2007 National Medal of Technology ) is an award given by the President of the United States to inventors and innovators who have made significant contributions to the development of new and important technologies. Recipients of the medal can be individuals, groups or organizations and companies. It is the highest honor that can be given in the United States for achievements in the technology sector.
The " The National Medal of Technology Evaluation Committee " examines and evaluates all nominations for the medal and then recommendations. This list of candidates is formally sent to the Secretary of Commerce , who in turn makes a recommendation to the US President. The winners will then be informed and their names announced by the White House.
Award winners
Selected winners with reasons
Many outstanding developments in industry - especially in the computer sector - have received awards since 1985.
In 2007, Xerox Corp. the award in recognition of over 50 years of research and innovation. In February 2006, George Lucas was awarded this medal for Industrial Light & Magic .
In 2005 Ralph Baer received the medal for the invention of the first video game console, in 2003 Robert Metcalfe for leading collaboration in the invention, standardization and commercialization of the Ethernet . In 2000, Douglas C. Engelbart was honored for the invention of the computer mouse and his help in the development of hypertext and Dean Kamen for inventions in the field of medical technology. In 1999 Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie were awarded the National Medal for the joint invention of the Unix operating system and the C programming language, and in 1992 Bill Gates for his early vision of universal computers in the home and office.
Also in 1992, Norman Joseph Woodland received the award from President George HW Bush for his contribution to barcode technology . In 1991 Grace Hopper received the award for her pioneering work in the development of programming languages, and in 1990 John Atanasoff for his invention of the digital computer.
In 1990 Gordon Moore was awarded for his pioneering leadership role in computer memory and microprocessors, and in 1988 Arnold Orville Beckman for exceptional creativity in the design of analytical instruments. David Packard was recognized in 1988 for exceptional and unselfish leadership in industry and government, particularly in a variety of technological fields, and Robert Noyce in 1987 for his inventions in the field of semiconductors. In 1985 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were award winners for the development and introduction of personal computers.
List of award winners
- 1985 AT&T Bell Laboratories , Frederick P. Brooks Jr., Erich Bloch , Bob O. Evans , Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , Marvin M. Johnson , Ralph Landau , John T. Parsons , Frank L. Stulen , Harold A. Rosen , Allen E. Puckett , Joseph F. Sutter
- 1986 Bernard Marshall Gordon , Reynold B. Johnson , William C. Norris , Frank N. Piasecki , S. Donald Stookey , Francis Versnyder
- 1987 Joseph V. Charyk , William Edwards Deming , John E. Franz , Robert Noyce
- 1988 John L. Atwood , Arnold Orville Beckman , Paul M. Cook , Raymond Damadian , Paul Christian Lauterbur , Robert H. Dennard , Harold E. Edgerton , Clarence Johnson , Edwin Herbert Land , David Packard
- 1989 Jay Wright Forrester , Robert R. Everett , Helen Edwards , Richard A. Lundy , J. Richie Orr , Alvin Tollestrup , Herbert W. Boyer , Stanley Norman Cohen
- 1990 John Atanasoff , Marvin Camras , DuPont , Donald N. Frey , Fred W. Garry , Wilson Greatbatch , Jack Kilby , John S. Mayo , Gordon Moore , David B. Pall , Chauncey Starr
- 1991 Stephen D. Bechtel Jr., Gordon Bell , Geoffrey Boothroyd , Peter Dewhurst , John Cocke , Carl Djerassi , James J. Duderstadt , Robert W. Galvin , Grace Hopper , F. Kenneth Iverson , Frederick M. Jones , Joseph A. Numero , David W. Thompson , Antonio L. Elias , David S. Hollingsworth , Robert R. Lovell , Charles R. Reed , John Paul Stapp
- 1992 Bill Gates , W. Lincoln Hawkins , Joseph M. Juran , Charles Kelman , Merck & Co, Inc. , Delbert H. Meyer , Paul B. Weisz , Norman Joseph Woodland
- 1993 Amos E. Joel Jr., William H. Joyce , George Kozmetsky , George Levitt , Marinus Los , Hans Liepmann , William D. Manly , Ken Olsen , Walter L. Robb
- 1994 AMGEN , Corning Inc. , Joel S. Engel , Richard H. Frenkiel , H. Joseph Gerber , Irwin M. Jacobs
- 1995 Edward R. McCracken , Praveen Chaudhari , Jerome J. Cuomo , Richard J. Gambino , Procter & Gamble , 3M , Sam B. Williams , Alejandro Zaffaroni
- 1996 Ronald H. Brown , Johnson & Johnson , Charles Kaman , Stephanie Kwolek , James C. Morgan , Peter H. Rose
- 1997 Norman R. Augustine , Ray Dolby , Robert S. Ledley , Vinton G. Cerf , Robert E. Kahn
- 1998 Denton Cooley , Robert Fraley , Robert Horsch , Ernest Jaworski , Stephen Rogers , Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Biogen
- 1999 Glen Culler , Raymond Kurzweil , Robert Swanson , Robert W. Taylor , Symbol Technologies
- 2000 Douglas C. Engelbart , Dean Kamen , Donald Keck , Robert D. Maurer , Peter C. Schultz , IBM Corporation
- 2001 John A. Ewen , Arun N. Netravali , Sidney Pestka , Jerry M. Woodall , Dow Chemical
- 2002 Calvin H. Carter , Haren S. Gandhi , Carver Mead , John J. Mooney , Carl Donald Keith , Nick Holonyak Jr., M. George Craford , Russell Dean Dupuis , DuPont
- 2003 Jan D. Achenbach , Watts S. Humphrey , Robert Metcalfe , Rodney D. Bagley , Irwin M. Lachman , Ronald M. Lewis , UOP LLC , Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- 2004 Ralph Baer , Roger L. Easton , Gen-Probe , IBM Corporation , Industrial Light & Magic , Motorola , Paccar
- 2005 Alfred Y. Cho , Dean L. Sicking , Ronald J. Eby , Maya Koster , Dace Viceps Madore , Velupillai Puvanesarajah , Genzyme , Semiconductor Research Corporation , Xerox Corporation
- 2006 Leslie A. Geddes , Paul G. Kaminski , Herwig Kogelnik , Charles M. Vest , James E. West
- 2007 Paul Baran , Roscoe O. Brady , David N. Cutler , Armand V. Feigenbaum , Adam Heller , Grant Willson , eBay Inc. , Lockheed Martin Skunk Works
- 2008 Forrest M. Bird , Esther Takeuchi , John Warnock , Charles Geschke , IBM Corporation
- 2009 Harry Coover , Helen Free , Steven J. Sasson , Federico Faggin , Marcian Edward Hoff Jr., Stanley Mazor
- 2010 Rakesh Agrawal , B. Jayant Baliga , C. Donald Bateman , Yvonne Brill , Michael F. Tompsett
- 2011 Frances H. Arnold , George Carruthers , Robert Langer , Norman McCombs , Gholam Peyman , Arthur H. Rosenfeld , Jan Vilcek , Samuel E. Blum (Team), Rangaswamy Srinivasan (Team), James J. Wynne (Team), Raytheon BBN Technologies
- 2012 Charles W. Bachman , Edith M. Flanigen , Eli Harari , Thomas Fogarty , Arthur D. Levinson , Cherry A. Murray , Mary Shaw , Douglas Lowy and John Schiller
- 2013 Joseph DeSimone , Robert Fischell , Nancy WY Ho , Mark S. Humayun , Jonathan Marc Rothberg
- 2014 Chemming Hu , Arthur Gossard , Cato T. Laurencin
Web links
- The National Medal of Technology and Innovation and list of all recipients at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (uspto.gov)
- Medal of Technology and Innovation at nationalmedals.org
Individual evidence
- ^ President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators at whitehouse.gov; Retrieved December 23, 2012
- ↑ Awardees 2014 (for 2012) at whitehouse.gov; Retrieved October 6, 2014
- ↑ Laureates National Medals , accessed March 2016