North Hessian brown coal area

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A large excavator from the Altenburg opencast mine in the Borkener Revier , today in the Hessian lignite mining museum

The North Hessian lignite area (also known as Niederhessisches or Kassel lignite area ) was a mining area in northern Hesse (historically: Niederhessen ), around Kassel , in which from the 18th to the 20th century lignite and sometimes also higher-quality bright coal , initially in underground mines , later was extracted in the open pit .

Territory network and significance

The North Hessian collieries and mines only formed a rather loose network due to their scattered location. At some distance to the south-west, the southern Hessian Wetterau lignite mining area is connected , which is sometimes added together with the north Hessian to form the Hessian lignite mining area; but this summary is doubtful, as there were hardly any points of contact.

The North Hessian Revier was part of the Central German lignite mining district until 1945 . Compared to the large German lignite mining areas in Central Germany, Lusatia and the Rhineland , however, the North Hessian mining area had only a subordinate, regional significance. This was mainly due to the fact that North Hesse was poorly developed in terms of traffic and, in particular, the construction of railway lines through the North Hessian low mountain range to the scattered pits was difficult and therefore supra-regional sales were too expensive.

The lignite initially served primarily as fuel for domestic fires and small businesses, but with increasing industrialization it was also used for the emerging chemical, mining and heavy industries. In particular, the Henschel works in Kassel were an important buyer of the coal. The coal, like lignite from other areas, was unsuitable for steel production alone. All mining companies in the North Hessian lignite area belonged to the Central German lignite syndicate from 1919 to 1945 .

In addition to industry, coal was also used to supply coal-fired power plants :

Deposits and mines

Map of the Lower Hessian Revier (1928)

The largest deposits are in the West Hessian Depression , in the West and East Hessian mountains :

  • Remaining lake of the Kalbe opencast mine on the Meißner

  • Remains of a vibrating tower for sieving coal on the Ahlberg

  • Hunt from the Johannis tunnel on the Meißner

  • Loading station of the Faulbach colliery in Epterode

Others

An exhibition on the history of Hessian lignite mining can be found in the Hessian lignite mining museum in Borken (Hesse) .

literature

  • Andreas Christopher: The Hessian lignite mining and its railways (= series mining and railways , volume 2), Verlag im Biebertal, 1993
  • Steckhan, Wilhelm: The lignite mining in Hessen . Hessian Deposit Archive I, Wiesbaden, 1998
  • Günter Hinze: 400 years of brown coal mining on the Hirschberg , 328 pages, Kassel 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-026225-8 .

Web links

Commons : Nordhessisches Braunkohlerevier  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Friedrich Frhr. Waitz von Eschen: The North Hessian lignite mining 1578 to 2003. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History (ZHG). Volume 110 (2005), pp. 113-128. ( online, PDF, 691 kB ) at vhghessen.de, accessed on December 1, 2009.
  2. ↑ a b Mining on the Meißner - 400 years of coal for salt (excerpts from the speech by Berghauptmann retired Dr. Schade, Wiesbaden, on the occasion of the inauguration of the miner's relief on ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Schwalbenthal auf dem Meißner on October 28, 2003), online at wallbraun.wa.ohost.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wallbraun.wa.ohost.de
  3. ^ Günter Hinze: 400 years of lignite mining on the Hirschberg . Hirschberg colliery, 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-026225-8 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Brigitte Nixdorf et al .: Brown coal mine in Germany ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-docs.tu-cottbus.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 14.0 MB) , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, 2000