Supreme Court
| Supreme Court | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the upper court at Prutz |
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| location | Tyrol , Austria | |
| Waters | Inn | |
| Mountains | Ötztal Alps (O) Samnaun group (W) | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 4 ′ N , 10 ° 40 ′ E | |
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| rock | Bündner slate | |
| height | 800 to 1000 m above sea level A. | |
| length | 35 km | |
| climate | inner alpine dry climate | |
Oberesgericht is the name of a valley landscape in the western part of the Austrian state of Tyrol in the Landeck district . It is the uppermost section of the Inntal in Austria ( Tyrolean Inntal ) and includes the north-western part of the Ötztal Alps (right of the Inn ) and the eastern part of the Samnaun group (left of the Inn). It thus forms the uppermost Upper Inn Valley as part of the Tyrolean Oberland . According to the population of January 1, 2016, 12,787 residents live in the Upper Court.
geography
The region in the Tyrolean Oberland is formed from the Upper Inn Valley from Landeck into the valley, between Fließ and Pfunds or from the Pontlatzer Bridge to the Finstermünz Pass , including the sun terrace on the southern slope of the valley, and the Kaunertal , the side valley to the south. The Inntal and Kaunertal include the Nauderer Mountains and the Glockturmkamm of the Ötztal Alps.
- Neighboring regions
- surrounding mountain groups are in italics
| Landeck basin | Venetberg | |
| Paznaun Samnaun group |
.svg)
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Kaunergrat Pitztal ( District Imst ) |
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Lower Engadin (Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland) Sesvenna group |
Obervinschgau Langtaufers (Prov.Bolzano / South Tyrol, Italy) | Weißkamm Venter Tal ( District Imst ) |
The upper court includes the municipalities:
| Inn upwards |
on the sun terrace |
in the Kaunertal |
The municipalities
- Nauders , the side valley of the Stillebach to the Reschenpass ,
- Spiss , in the side valley towards the Samnaun , are also often included, one also speaks of the Upper and Supreme Court - this is the name of the Tyrolean Planning Association No. 9 (LGBl. No. 87/2005). The planning association has an area of 565.5 km² (5.6% of which is permanent settlement area) and 10,049 inhabitants (as of 2012).
The sun terrace forms its own tourism association , the other communities belong to the Tyrolean Oberland , but Fliess to Tyrol West (Landeck and the surrounding area).
About the name
The term “upper court” comes from the high courts , which, unlike the lower courts , were allowed to impose all penalties. In the past, these regional courts also had jurisdiction over the administration of their judicial district.
history
Bronze Age settlements took place on the sunny slopes above the valley. It is believed that the trade and metal export routes led over the Malojapass in Switzerland to Northern Italy . The Romans used the Inn Valley with the Via Claudia Augusta with brisk transit traffic and associated supply stations.
The immigration of the Bavarians was slow, which meant that in some areas, especially in Nauders, Romansh was able to survive into the 17th century ( it is still spoken in the neighboring Engadine today). Remnants of this language were still preserved in the dialect and in some place names.
The administrative place of the upper court was first the castle Laudegg near Ladis and from 1550 the castle Sigmundsried in Ried im Oberinntal .
Until 1919 Nauders had its own court (from 1849 district court in the judicial district of Nauders ), which also looked after the upper Vinschgau as far as Mals . After the loss of South Tyrol in 1919, the judicial district was dissolved and the three communities Nauders, Spiss and Pfunds were assigned to the judicial district of Ried in Tyrol .
In 1978 the judicial district of Ried was dissolved and the authority passed on to the district court of Landeck .
climate
Protected by the up to 3000 m high mountain ridges, the Upper Court has an inner-alpine dry climate with only 600 to 700 mm of precipitation per year, which requires artificial irrigation, e.g. B. by Waale , makes necessary. The preferred climate allows the cultivation of grain up to an altitude of 1500 m.
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Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Prutz ( 870 m above sea level )
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Economy and hydropower
The Upper Court is a region in which a lot of electricity is produced from hydropower due to the water management and topographical conditions. This is where the Kaunertal power plant with the Gepatsch storage facility in Kaunertal and the power house in Prutz is located, as well as the impoundment of the Inn and the Runserau weir system for the Imst power plant.
The hydropower of the Inn is also used upstream in the neighboring Engadine to generate electricity. The operation of the power plant in Switzerland causes unnatural water drainage with strong discharge fluctuations, which hinders a positive ecological development of the river Inn in the Upper Court. With the joint power plant Inn (GKI) project, the construction of which began in 2014, the surge from the Engadine is largely absorbed and the water released again evenly and adapted to the natural conditions. This significantly improves the situation for fish and microorganisms in the Inn. The GKI guarantees a continuous water runoff of min. 5.5 m³ / s in the ecologically sensitive winter. This allows fish and microorganisms to develop undisturbed during the winter rest phase.
The GKI (or KW Martina-Prutz) project is preceded by a long project history. In the 1980s, an outdated project design for power generation caused a stir, which, according to the project critics, almost dried up the Inn over a length of approx. 15 km. This project caused strong protests, especially in Pfunds, one of the communities directly on the Inn.
In 2004 a jointly optimized project, which took into account the original concerns of the neighboring communities, was taken up again under the name "Community power plant Inn". After intensive preparation and extensive planning in compliance with the very strict EU legal provisions and national environmental laws, the project was submitted for an environmental impact assessment in 2007. In mid-July 2010, the office of the Tyrolean provincial government established the environmental compatibility of the project and granted approval for the power plant project. In December 2012, the Federal Environment Senate confirmed the decision of the Tyrolean provincial government.
The groundbreaking ceremony for the power plant project took place on November 14, 2014. The completion of the joint power station Inn is planned for 2018.
traffic
Since the 19th century there were plans for the Reschenscheideckbahn , which was supposed to connect Landeck to Mals via the Reschenpass , but was never realized. A branch was to follow the Inn into the Engadin and connect to the Rhaetian Railway in Scuol .
The Reschenstrasse B 180, which leads through the Oberegericht, partly still follows the planned route of the railway. You can get to South Tyrol via the Reschenpass, via the Engadiner Strasse B 184 in the Inn Valley and the Martinsbrucker Strasse B 185 over the Finstermünzpass to Graubünden. At the beginning of the valley, a low-level road leads from Fließ - and also one from Kauns - over the Pillerhöhe to Wenns in the Pitztal .
Culture
The characteristic design are the massive farmhouses, often walled up to the roof from quarry stones, structured by bay windows and sometimes richly painted. This type of construction is called the Engadine House . Typical examples can be found in Fließ , Fendels , Ladis , Grins , Pfunds and Fiss . Many of the Rhaeto-Romanic town centers fell victim to fires because the villages consisted of houses that were very close together. Since around the middle of the 20th century, the houses in the villages have not been built so closely together to prevent any village fires. The best preserved Rhaeto-Romanic village center is that of Fiss.