County of Lingen
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The County of Lingen was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire and part of the Kingdom of Prussia since 1702 . It belonged to the Westphalian Empire and was surrounded by the monasteries of Münster and Osnabrück and the county of Tecklenburg . It was divided into an upper county , to which the parishes Ibbenbüren , Brochterbeck , Recke and Mettingen belonged, and a lower county, to which the parishes Baccum , Bawinkel , Beesten , Bramsche , Freren , Lengerich , Lingen , Plantlünne , Schapen and Thuine belonged. The upper county later belonged to the district of Tecklenburg to the Prussian administrative district of Münster , today to the district of Steinfurt . The Niedergrafschaft with an area of 330 km² was combined with some other parts of the area to form the district of Lingen , which in 1977 largely became part of the district of Emsland .
history
The county of Lingen belonged to the tribal duchy of Saxony and Venkigau . In January 1180 Friedrich Barbarossa withdrew the imperial fief from the Saxon Duke Heinrich the Lion .
Count Nicholas II of Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1388–1426)
During the reign of Count Nikolaus II von Tecklenburg, after the war with Bishop Otto IV von Münster and Bishop Dietrich von Osnabrück, he lost parts of his Lower County of Lingen . He had to cede Bevergern -Rheine , half of the parish Plantlünne and Schapen as well as the east, the Stader and Spellerwald .
Count Nicholas III. of Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1493–1496)
The county of Lingen was split off from the county of Tecklenburg in 1493. Count Nicholas III. von Tecklenburg-Schwerin had been forced by his second eldest son Nikolaus to hand over control of the core area of his country to him and to retire himself to Lingen (Treaty of Hamm 1493).
Nicholas III died in 1496. His heir was his eldest son Otto III. He took over the county of Tecklenburg and pushed his brother Nikolaus to Lingen. In 1498 he moved into Lingen Castle as Nicholas IV with his mother.
Count Nicholas IV of Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1498–1541)
Count Nicholas IV tried to enrich himself by raiding merchants in the neighboring diocese of Münster . Thereupon the bishop of Munster had the county of Lingen conquered for a year in 1518; Nicholas IV had to flee. After his return he made sure that Lingen was turned into a fortress. In order to gain a strong ally, he brought the once independent county into the Duchy of Geldern in 1526 and at the same time had it transferred back to him as a fiefdom by Duke Karl von Egmond .
Nicholas IV remained unmarried. His brother in Tecklenburg, Count Otto III, prevented a proper marriage: When Nikolaus wanted to become engaged to the Countess von Nassau-Beilstein , Otto locked him up for a year until he gave up the marriage plans. Otto, on the other hand, married and had a son, Konrad, who inherited him in 1541.
Count Konrad von Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1541–1547)
When Nikolaus died, Konrad von Tecklenburg-Schwerin , his nephew and Count von Tecklenburg, was the closest relative and inherited the County of Lingen. As before 1493, the areas of the counties Tecklenburg and Lingen were again in one hand.
However, it remained the fiefdom of 1526. Karl von Egmond himself had to recognize Emperor Charles V as liege lord of his duchy in 1528 and died in 1538 without children. He had chosen the Duke of Cleves as his heir . However, the emperor considered the Duchy of Geldern to have reverted to him - and with it the County of Lingen after Nicholas' death. In addition, Konrad was a Protestant and now also introduced the Reformation in Lingen; he belonged to the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant rulers. 1546 the Catholic Emperor imposed the imperial ban on him.
Maximilian von Egmond, Count von Büren (1547–1548)
Charles V advanced in 1547 with his troops, which were led by Maximilian von Egmond , Count von Büren. Although Konrad had made great efforts to expand the Lingen fortress, he had no chance against the overwhelming odds. Konrad had to hand over the county of Lingen and 25,000 thalers in cash to the emperor Karl so that the eight was canceled. The emperor enfeoffed the victorious Count Maximilian with the Lingen land. Maximilian became liege count of the County of Lingen on June 29, 1548. But he died that same year.
Anna von Egmond, Countess von Büren (1548–1551)
His heiress, Anna von Egmond , born in 1533 , became feudal lord after the death of her father Maximilian von Egmond . When she married Prince Wilhelm of Nassau-Orange in 1551 , Emperor Charles V only consented to this marriage on condition that the county be sold to him. The county was then sold to Emperor Charles V for 120,000 gold guilders .
Mary of Hungary (1551–1555)
For Emperor Charles V , the county of Lingen was a location of strategic importance. For this reason, after acquiring the county, Charles V transferred it to his sister Maria of Hungary , the governor of the Netherlands . The fiefdom was transferred to her on May 7, 1550. During their feudal tenure in 1555, the law that had been valid from ancient times was summarized and put into effect as "Lingen's land law ".
King Philip II (1555–1597)
When Charles V abdicated in 1555, he transferred the county of Lingen along with his Habsburg possessions and the Burgundian lands to his eldest son, Philip II , who thereby became King of Spain.
The county of Lingen was now a Spanish possession and eastern outpost of the world empire of King Philip II. The county was thus also the subject of the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands. In 1597 Prince Moritz von Oranien captured Lingen.
Moritz of Orange (1597–1605)
Prince Moritz of Orange conquered the county of Lingen in the campaign of 1597 for the Union of Utrecht . In 1605 the county was recaptured by the Spanish general Ambrosio Spinola .
Another story
From 1605 to 1632 the Spaniards again held the county, but after their departure again the house of Nassau-Orange . After the death of King Wilhelm III. of England in 1702, King Frederick I in Prussia inherited the county of Lingen, which he reunited in 1707 with the purchased county of Tecklenburg . A western territorial expansion of the county took place in 1802 through the secularization of the bishopric of Münster .
In 1807 the county was occupied by the French. In 1809 it was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Berg ( Département Ems ) and in 1810 to France ( Department Oberems ). In 1814 the county fell back to Prussia; However, when Prussia renounced the Lower County of Lingen in 1815, Lingen became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which was newly founded at the Congress of Vienna . The cultural ordinance of June 25, 1822 and the addendum of March 12, 1824 issued legal instructions for the simultaneous use of Protestant churches and schools in the county. This ordinance was repealed as early as 1827/1830 due to the never-ending dispute about the use of the church. In addition, the Lower County of Lingen was in 1824 by Pope Leo XII. united with the diocese of Osnabrück .
On the Neumarkt in Ibbenbüren, the Prussian monument commemorates the connection between Lingen and Prussia. It was set up on the Upper Market in 1902 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Upper County of Lingen being part of the Kingdom of Prussia. After it was in the meantime at the Wertmühle and on the Neumarkt, it was moved to the Heldermannpark in 2018.
See also
literature
in order of appearance
- Bernhard A. Goldschmidt: History of the county of Lingen and its church system in particular. Overwetter, Osnabrück 1850 ( digitized version ).
- Johann Caspar Möller: History of the former County of Lingen from the oldest times to our days . Lingen 1879; Reprint: Burgtor-Verlag, Lingen 1982, ISBN 3-921663-07-5 .
- Ludwig Schriever: History of the district of Lingen , Vol. 1: The general history . R. von Acken, Lingen 1905 ( digitized version ).
- Teachers' association of the Diocese of Osnabrück: The Lingen district (= contributions to local studies in the Osnabrück administrative district, issue 1). R. van Acken publishing house, Lingen / Ems 1905.
- Karl-Eberhard Nauhaus: The Emsland in the course of history . Sögel 1984, ISBN 3-925034-00-5 .
- Werner Kaemling: Atlas on the history of Lower Saxony . Gerd J. Holtzmeyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1987, ISBN 3-923722-44-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heimatverein Lingen: Parishes in the County of Lingen , accessed on December 10, 2019.
- ↑ Ludwig Schriever: History of the district of Lingen , Bd. 1: The general history . R. von Acken, Lingen 1905, p. 211.
- ↑ Ludwig Schriever: History of the district of Lingen , Bd. 1: The general history . R. von Acken, Lingen 1905, p. 212.
- ↑ Ludwig Schriever: History of the district of Lingen , Bd. 1: The general history . R. von Acken, Lingen 1905, p. 360.
- ↑ Ludwig Schriever: History of the district of Lingen , Bd. 1: The general history . R. von Acken, Lingen 1905, p. 400.
