Bawinkel

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 36 '  N , 7 ° 25'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Emsland
Joint municipality :	Lengerich
Height :	21 m above sea level NHN
Area :	20.35 km 2
Residents:	2481 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	122 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	49844
Area code :	05963
License plate :	Tbsp
Community key :	03 4 54 002
Address of the municipal administration:	Osterbrocker Str. 2 49844 Bawinkel
Website :	www.bawinkel.de
Mayor :	Adolf Böcker ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Bawinkel in the district of Emsland

Bawinkel is a municipality in Emsland in Lower Saxony , northeast of Lingen (Ems) and southwest of Haselünne . Until the municipal reform, the place was the administrative seat of the joint municipality of Bawinkel and since then has been a member municipality of the joint municipality of Lengerich .

geography

Geographical location

Bawinkel is about 7 km east of the Ems and the Dortmund-Ems Canal between Lingen and Haselünne, in the north of the former Lingen district , on the border with the former Meppen district . An old trade route runs through the municipality of Bawinkel - the Flemish highway. This later became the B 213 . The Bawinkeler Bach flows through the community.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are in the north the city Haselünne, in the east the community Gersten , in the south the city Lingen and the community Langen and in the west the community Geeste .

Community structure

On March 1, 1974, the previously independent municipality of Duisenburg and Plankorth were incorporated into the municipality of Bawinkel.

Origin of the place names

• In the case of “Bawinkel”, the defining word cannot be derived with certainty. Possibly there is a proper name in connection with the Junker Bar , which according to an old tradition is said to have been one of the first residents. The origin of the church is also attributed to this. The basic word -winkel stands for Niederdtsch. hoek = corner, which indicates a border town. This corresponds to the fact that the church is said to have been partly built on Bokeloher Grund. There is no written evidence for this oral tradition. The first church stood roughly where the Protestant cemetery is today.

• In the case of “Plankorth”, the defining word is also not guaranteed: either from plan = area, free space; see. Middle High German. plan , blan , lat. planum , old French . plain ; or after a legacy named around 1550 Planke. The basic word -orth has the meaning: tip, phallus; see. germ. uzda , old high German. place , old saxon / old frieze / engl. ord , old north. oddr .

• The defining word of “Duisenburg” is unclear. The basic word -burg has the meaning: fortified, elevated, protected place and refers to a meeting place.

• "Clusorth" (formerly also: Clus ). The determinant clus , also klaus / klus, has the meaning: close, lock, protect; from kleve / cleve , cf. old high German. klusa , middle high German. kluse , Latin clausa ; that describes the shielded, protected character of a place. Examples: Claustal, Klausaurach, Klausa. Similar to Plankorth, the basic word refers to a cult place.

• "Bramhar" is mentioned around 1000 in the Werdener Urbar and in the eleventh century again in the Corveyer Heberegister as part of the Venkigau . The final word bram means thorn, thorn; from Indo-European bhrom / bhrem = to form a point; it describes the enclosure of a place. The basic word har / her = women's hair, goddess Ertha , Hera ; from germ. hera , cf. Old High German / Old Saxon / Old North. har names a place of worship for the (earth) goddess. So it was probably a place of worship surrounded by thorns, where the earth goddess was worshiped.

history

Early history

Archaeological finds prove that the Bawinkel area was settled in early Germanic times. During cultivation work on the somewhat higher terrain of the Duisenburg district, urns and shards from pre-Christian times were recovered.

middle Ages

In the 10th and 11th centuries, the Bawinkler area is said to have existed with four to six courtyards. Settlement did not increase significantly until the 13th century. The first church was mentioned in documents from 1325. Whether this building already stood on the old cemetery that still exists today and is now used by the evangelical community of Bawinkel (near the road to Gersten) cannot be proven.

In the following period, between 1457 and 1600, the place name was subject to multiple changes. The names "Baffwinkel", later "Bavehinkel", then "Bavinkell", also "Bauynkell" and "Bavehinckell" are known.

Chapel and half-timbered church

Old Bawinkler Church from 1717

As can be seen in the history of many cultures , religious sites formed a focal point with the spread of Christianity , which triggered the emergence of settlements. A incurred in 9.- or 10th century, and on the strength of Dutch pilgrims unused pilgrimage , the over Schepsdorf and Bawinkel after in Wildeshausen revered relics of St. Alexander led supposed to have been the occasion, one in Bawinkel chapel to build. It is disputed whether the emerged from the chapel church as a daughter church of the parish of the place Bokeloh (with its more than 1,000-year-old church), or the parish was under Lingen. A traditional stone inscription on the tower with the wording Completum est 1506 testifies to the later construction of a church at the old Bawinkel cemetery . This confirms the location and allows the conclusion that construction started even earlier. The sources, which became more numerous from the middle of the 16th century, underpin the early history of the parish in a variety of ways. A list of spiritual goods from 1553 gives an insight into the property structure of the local Catholic Church at that time .

With Moritz von Orange began the suppression of the Catholics in the county of Lingen

The tranquil conditions in Bawinkel, characterized by a Catholic parish, changed at the end of the 16th century with the conquest of the city of Lingen by Prince Moritz of Orange . Although his reign was short-lived, he also intervened in the ecclesiastical affairs of the region, Bawinkel and other places now also received Calvinist clergy. After another change in the balance of power brought about by the intervention of the Catholic League , the situation was reversed again. After the League withdrew around 1632, the Reformed regained the upper hand, and Bawinkler Catholics could later only use an emergency church in Bramhar (in the then Principality of Münster ) for worship. This emergency church, a converted sheepfold, was replaced by a half-timbered house , which the Bawinklers built as a church on a piece of land donated to them by the town of Haselünne (on the Gelsho). Only a change through succession in Lingen (Lingen fell to the House of Brandenburg) brought an improvement in the situation. The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm then again allowed Catholic services in Bawinkel to take place as private events.

The Reformed continued to use the decrepit church at the old cemetery. After the repression was relaxed further, the Catholics were allowed to rebuild their wooden church in Bawinkel, which had been chopped down in Haselünne. After “Tenfelde”, the building site was today's school site, where the “Meermann” house stands.

From this half-timbered church, the old Bawinkler Church was built there in 1717, which was not allowed to look like one due to official regulations. For the time being, no tower was allowed to be added to the elongated structure, which looked like a barn. The building kept this shape for almost 50 years and was then renewed in 1765/70 by adding and remodeling the same place. The building work was made possible by collections in "Münsterschen" and in the not far away Holland , since these were still not permitted in the County of Lingen.

In 1824, by decree of King George, the remaining Reformed parish of Bawinkel was merged with that of the parish of Lengerich, and the demolition of the dilapidated church at the old cemetery was ordered. The clock tower there, the bells, and usable stone material went to the Catholic community after tough negotiations. These remnants of the first church and supplementary material were used in the years 1826/27 for a renewed reconstruction and the erection of a massive church tower. In 1907 the old Bawinkler Church was sold for demolition.

Modern times

Bawinkel on a map from 1673

Specific information on the history and settlement of the Bawinkel area is available from the 16th century. Based on the tax lists of the time and other documents of the respective sovereigns , they provide information on the number of inhabitants and the use of land. In a list from the year 1550, the sovereign of Lingen demanded from his own listed names, taxes in the form of natural produce , the quantities of which were specifically stated.

During the Thirty Years' War in 1636 there was the battle of Haselünne between Bawinkel and Haselünne . At Bawinkler, on the side of the Swedish army with their leader, Dodo Freiherr zu Innhausen and Knyphausen stood . The Swedish army had taken up with 1000 horsemen and 300 foot soldiers and fought against the imperial troops that were located in Haselünne, which also included the neighboring Klosterholte. The Imperialists lost 700 men, the Swedes only 20, but also their General von Knyphausen. The place of the battle is still called the Red March today .

Self-employed and hiring workers

In contrast to other parishes in the region, Bawinkel had a special form of belonging. Although in the rest of the county of Lingen a number of "lords", such as those of the wealthy landed aristocracy , or the abbots of the monasteries , not least the sovereign himself, "owned" a more or less large number of self-owned people, the Bawinkel residents were the king's own . They paid their taxes in kind and rent to the official appointed for this purpose.

In the 17th century, the "class" of hiring workers, the small farmers without real estate, which existed in Bawinkel until the second half of the 20th century, was created. Hirers were families who had resided on the land of a large farmer for generations . According to traditional rules, they had to serve the large farmers primarily for all activities in the agriculture of their landowner. The number of working days to be performed each year differed between the values ​​of 150 and 250 days. The consideration consisted of a dwelling made available along with stables and a few hectares of land that could be used for own management and income.

19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bawinkler citizens became subjects of the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866). During the reign of King George, church and school matters were reorganized in Bawinkel, which was now subordinate to the Lower County of Lingen.

Around the middle of the 19th century, more measures to improve the soil were taken everywhere. Also in the Mark Bawinkel, with its extensive wet meadows and pastures, a remedy was thought. Because of these upcoming, costly drainage projects , they looked for a solution to distribute the expected loads among many.

In 1875 a process was initiated to divide him Mark Bawinkel. In the autumn of 1881, the representatives of Bawinkel and the five farmers' associations , some of which had previously managed themselves, passed the statute for the formation of a joint municipality in Bawinkel. This then consisted of the districts: Bawinkel, Groß-Bawinkel, Plankorth, Duisenburg, Clusorth and Bramhar. The resolution came into effect in 1882 and lasted until 1974. The board of the joint congregation was made up of the community leaders of the members.

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  Old wooden harrow with oak tines

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  Potato harvester around 1930

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  Beekeeping device in Bregenbeck

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  Chain fountain Hof H. Jaske

From then on, the general costs such as the administration, the cultivation measures and the drainage were shared. that of poor welfare, that of the health system in the case of contagious diseases and the costs incurred for combating epidemics that occur in livestock farming. A common fire extinguishing system was also introduced.

Revolutionary innovations, which started earlier in the course of industrialization in other areas of Germany, also reached the remote Emsland Bawinkel at the end of the century. August Degen , who married in 1880 on a Plankorther farm , was to become an inventive and energetic citizen of the Bawinkel community. Degen not only founded the "Agricultural Association Bawinkel and the Surrounding Area", but also boosted the agricultural income of the farmers by introducing artificial fertilizers in the Emsland. Degen founded the Emsland's first agricultural consumer cooperative in Bawinkel in 1885 and in the same year was involved in the creation of the Bawinkel savings and loan fund, the forerunner of today's Volksbank Bawinkel.

20th century

Bawinkel, St. Alexander Church (1906)

St. Alexander, nave

The beginning of the new century saw the construction of the Bawinkler parish church of St. Alexander (1904/06), and the later parishes of Bramhar, Klosterholte and Haverbeck. A new cemetery was set up on the road to Gersten, which was enlarged over time.

St. Alexander

Today, built 1904-1906 Church of St. Alexander, is designed by the Dutch architect Alfred Tepe arisings, neo-Gothic church. Master builder Wilhelm Bröker from Havixbeck near Münster directed the construction work.

The hall church built with blocks made of Ibbenbürener sandstone was given a nave , the three naves of which reached the same height. In contrast to the central nave with a star vault , the side aisles and additional side chapels were given cross-ribbed and radiant vaults. In the individual yoke sections there are high, ogival windows arranged in pairs between the pillars of the buttress . The roof was designed in a combination of two transversely directed hip roofs over the nave, and a roof with side gables. The traditionally geostete nave, received a superior west tower, which also had gable ornaments. Its sound openings were arranged in pairs like the church windows. With his pointed helmet he reached a height of 64 meters. The inside of the church was 47.5 meters long and 21.5 meters wide.

One of its first tests passed the small railway line, which went into operation in 1904 and which received a special track from the nearby railway line to deliver materials to the building site of the church.

The small train

Preserved tail light of the Kleinbahn Lingen-Quakenbrück

Before the construction of the Lingen – Berge – Quakenbrück railway line, which was realized in 1904 , there had been a variety of designs to improve the traffic conditions in the northeastern hinterland of the city of Lingen. Since the numerous small communities there were all anxious to be taken into account by the route, long negotiations were required before an agreement could be reached. The Lengerich favored a route Lingen – Lengerich – Fürstenau and later dropped out of the plans entirely.

This led to the creation of the route of a narrow-gauge small railway from Lingen over Berge to Quakenbrück , the Lingen – Berge – Quakenbrück small railway , which then connected the community to the national railway network. The railway connection, which existed until 1952, had a station building and a loading ramp. Since the place was in rural areas, mainly wood and cattle were handled here. The Lingen / Bawinkel rail route was about ten kilometers and required a journey time of 35 minutes.

The road network was also expanded at the beginning of the century. The most important road connections were paved and largely paved , with sand paths for horse-drawn vehicles running parallel to them.

Associations and Associations

Former wage house in Lotterfeld

Just as the Emsland Farmers 'Association (1920 to 1933), a Christian-oriented north-west German farmers' association, was founded after the end of the First World War , so did the hired workers and servants. They founded the “Association of Christian Wage Employees” (VCH), which quickly found members. With its political demands for a better social policy and the condemnation of the wasteland expropriations carried out by the farmers, the association quickly found itself on a confrontational course, but could not achieve much for the time being. Only at a later time, when this booth offered alternative jobs, did the wage system disappear. There are still a few small farmsteads that have been abandoned to decay.

In the 1930s, Bawinkel was electrified, with remote hamlets or farms not yet being connected to the power grid.

During the Second World War there was a (field) airfield in Groß-Bawinkel / Drope.

The 1950s

Großbawinkel was the smaller part of the place. The only public facility consisted of the (dwarf) elementary school, built in 1926, with first one then two teachers. In 1971 and 1972 the schools in Groß-Bawinkel, Duisenburg, Bramhar and Klosterholte were closed.

As recently as the 1950s to isolated in the 1960s in was Emsland the Heuerling being spread that started leaking with industrialization. In the village of Bawinkel, this was the Schwindeler farm, to which several small hiring farms belonged.

Street sign indicating the former farm name

At that time the Schwindeler farm was one of the largest properties in the Bawinkel parish. It was not until the end of the 1950s that the last farmsteads were connected to the public electricity network. Until then, petroleum or carbide lamps were used in the house for lighting and the food was stored in cool cellar rooms (if available).

Wealthy large farmers cooled their milk production with blocks of ice, which were brought in with horse-drawn carts or modern tractors , but for today's standards primeval tractors , ignition with smoldering wick, hand crank and flywheel for compression production, with trailers from the city (Lingen, Haselünne, Meppen ). For our own consumption, the milk was partly skimmed, mashed ( buttered ) in special jugs and processed into butter. The garden supplied fruit and vegetables, everything that could not be used fresh was boiled down or stored. Bread or the cake for the holiday were generally baked themselves.

House slaughter supplies the farm for the whole year. The large amount of meat material was prepared for storage for the most part (cooling problems see above) by boiling in glasses and curing in earthenware vessels. Ham and sausages came up in the smoke (sullies). After killing the respective animal (beef or pork), the resulting blood was collected, mixed with crushed grain and spices, the mass was formed into balls and made sausage bread ("Wostebroot"). The long-life balls, air-dried in linen bags or paper casings, were mainly prepared as a meal in winter. Cut into cubes, seared lard and cracklings with a little water , it was a hearty delicacy. For this purpose, black bread enough.

It was woken up very early in summer, at 4 a.m., and an hour later in winter. When the hearth fire was lit, the maidservants (or maids, depending on the size of the yard) went to the cowshed to milk. The farmhand (or servants) fed the pigs and horses, and a farrier appeared to shoe them . Sheep were sheared themselves, the wool was washed several times, dried, finely torn with special “nail combs” and then spun into thread with the spinning wheel . This is how coarse but warm knitted items were created. This was all manual, winter and, above all, women's work, on long evenings with kerosene lighting around the stove.

Old kitchen stove

The kitchen, often a huge room with up to a dozen doors opening off, was the center of the house. In her turn, the hearth was dominant. More elaborate stoves were provided with several cooking holes, which could be variably adapted in several iron rings to each pot size. In addition, there was a roasting oven, drying oven and one or two-sided water vessels for the production of hot water.

The wooden shoemaker also appeared on winter days . The feet were re-measured, the blanks were cut from special, light, seasoned pieces of wood, hollowed out and smoothed, then provided with a suitably woven straw insert, and the shoes (lumps, pieces of wood) were ready for the next year. Barefootedness for children in summer was the norm.

The heating was usually with peat or with wood that was already in stock. Peat was in peaty soil stabbed in separate parcels, piled to dry, and later taken to the courts. Special boilers for animal feed in winter were heated with so-called "bush wood".

Apart from a few industrial goods, nothing needed to be bought. If other purchases or sales were made, for example cattle trading (see Düstermühlenmarkt ), the deal was concluded with a handshake. The so-called hamstering - in the distant metropolitan areas of "rest of Germany" still many people were starving in the early 1950s - was not inconvenient either. Many a spare part, for example for the old Singer or Pfaff sewing machine, even if it was just a missing needle or sewing thread, was literally exchanged for an apple and an egg. There was no need, one was self-sufficient .

There were no paved road connections between the individual properties, unless they were directly on the paved interurban roads lined with so-called “pedges” for cyclists.

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  Equipment formerly used to make butter

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  Remnants of the old mill

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  Hof Lambers, archway from 1906

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  Horse paddock in Klosterholte

After the end of the Second World War, politicians were forced to finally tackle the elimination of the backwardness of the Emsland comprehensively. There were three reasons for this: the large number of refugees pouring into the Emsland from the east of Germany, Dutch claims for territory and well-known oil discoveries that had been exploited since 1942. On May 5, 1950, the Bundestag unanimously passed the motion to "open up the wastelands of the Emsland".

Todays situation

Population numbers

	1880	1900	1925	1933	1939	1950	1961	1970	2009	2014
Bawinkel	386	429	515	554	576	702	684	801	2364	2,359
Plankorth	325	358	434	451	488	632	503	587	k. A.	k. A.
Duisenburg	172	184	201	209	198	236	172	150	k. A.	k. A.
Clusorth-Bramhar	383	449	520	475	505	659	564	652	889	k. A.

politics

Municipal council

The municipality council has 13 elected members. As a result of the local elections on September 11, 2016, it includes two parties.

• CDU - 11 seats
• SPD - 2 seats

mayor

Adolf Böcker was re-elected in September 2016.

coat of arms

Description: The golden rafter in blue, adorned with a golden high cross on the tip , is accompanied by three golden clover leaves . Under the shield the name "Bawinkel" in black and Schwabacher script.

Economy and Infrastructure

There are a large number of commercial operations in Bawinkel. The constant expansion of the industrial area proves that a business location with a future is emerging here. Parallel to the economic upswing, the rapid development and development of new residential areas should be noted, which is also due to the convenient transport links to the community.

traffic

The federal road 213 leads directly through Bawinkel and leads south-west to Lingen (Ems) and north-east to Haselünne.

Honorary citizen

• August Degen (1850–1924), farmer, founder of the cooperative and agricultural functionary as well as politician (center) and member of the Prussian House of Representatives

literature

• Catholic parish of Bawinkel: Festschrift for the centenary of St. Alexander's Church in 2006 .
• Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish Bawinkel , Burgtor Verlag, Lingen 1982. ISBN 3-921663-06-7 .
• Teachers' association of the Diocese of Osnabrück: The Lingen district. Contributions to local studies of the Osnabrück administrative district, volume I. R. van Acken, Lingen / Ems 1905.
• Werner Kaemling - Atlas on the history of Lower Saxony , Gerd J. Holtzmeyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1987, ISBN 3-923722-44-3 .
• Hermann Abels: The place names of the Emsland, in their linguistic and cultural-historical significance. Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 1929.
• Christoph Oberthür, Franz Busche, Franz Barth, Heinrich Dünheuft: Home map of the Lingen district with statistical information. Publishing house R. van Acken, Lingen / Ems 1953.
• Ernst Förstemann, Hermann Jellinghaus (Hrsg.): Old German name book. Volume II, 1 and 2: Place names. Bonn 1913/1916 (reprint: Volume II, 2, Hildesheim 1967/1983, ISBN 3-487-01733-4 ).
• Statistics of the German Reich - results of various censuses. Berlin 1883–1944.
• Lower Saxony Office for State Planning and Statistics: Statistical Yearbook 1950. Hanover 1950.

Web links

Commons : Bawinkel  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Homepage of the Bawinkel community
• Homepage of the community of Lengerich

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 256 .
3. ^ ^{A b} Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 51.
4. ^ Walter Tenfelde, reference to: Dissertation by the native Emslander and local researcher Bernhard Deermann
5. ^ Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 11 ff.
6. ↑ The Prince of Orange had the county of Lingen as a free fief. As his deputy in the county of Lingen he appointed his Landdrosten, who lived at the castle in Lingen
7. ^ Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 57.
8. ^ Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 60.
9. ^ Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 31 f.
10. ^ Walter Tenfelde: On the history of the parish of Bawinkel. P. 122.
11. ↑ Lingen.de → Numbers and data ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
12. ↑ Homepage of the Bawinkel community
13. ↑ http://www.noz.de/lokales/lengerich/artikel/148625/bocker-bleibt-burgermeister-in-bawinkel