Haren (Ems)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Haren (Ems)
Haren (Ems)
Map of Germany, position of the city of Haren (Ems) highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 47 '  N , 7 ° 15'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Emsland
Height : 9 m above sea level NHN
Area : 208.77 km 2
Residents: 23,881 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 114 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 49733
Area code : 05932
License plate : Tbsp
Community key : 03 4 54 018
City structure: 11 districts

City administration address : 		Neuer Markt 1
49733 Haren (Ems)
Website : www.haren.de
Mayor : Markus Honnigfort ( CDU )
Location of the town of Haren (Ems) in the Emsland district
Niederlande Landkreis Cloppenburg Landkreis Grafschaft Bentheim Landkreis Leer Landkreis Osnabrück Andervenne Bawinkel Beesten Bockhorst Börger Breddenberg Dersum Dörpen Dohren (Emsland) Emsbüren Esterwegen Freren Fresenburg Geeste Gersten Groß Berßen Handrup Haren (Ems) Haselünne Heede (Emsland) Herzlake Hilkenbrook Hüven Klein Berßen Kluse (Emsland) Lähden Lahn (Hümmling) Langen (Emsland) Lathen Lehe (Emsland) Lengerich (Emsland) Lingen (Ems) Lorup Lünne Lünne Meppen Messingen Neubörger Neulehe Niederlangen Oberlangen Papenburg Rastdorf Renkenberge Rhede (Ems) Salzbergen Schapen Sögel Spahnharrenstätte Spelle Stavern Surwold Sustrum Thuine Twist (Emsland) Vrees Walchum Werlte Werpeloh Wettrup Wippingenmap
About this picture
View down the river towards the center of Haren
View up the Ems towards the former Hüntel gas power station

Haren (Ems) is a town on the Ems in western Lower Saxony in the Emsland district with around 23,400 inhabitants on 208.8 km².

geography

Geographical location

Haren (Ems) is located in the central part of the Emsland between Meppen and Papenburg an der Ems . The municipality borders directly on the Netherlands with the villages of Rütenbrock , Schwartenberg, Lindloh and Fehndorf . Like the rest of the Emsland, Haren is only a few meters above sea ​​level .

Neighboring communities

Haren borders in the north on the joint municipality of Lathen , in the east on the joint municipality of Sögel , in the south on the city of Meppen and the municipality of Twist and in the west on the Dutch municipalities of Emmen and Westerwolde .

City structure

The city of Haren (Ems) consists of the core city and the following ten localities:

Altenberge , Emen - Raken , Emmeln , Erika , Fehndorf , Landegge , Lindloh - Schwartenberg , Rütenbrock , Tinnen and Wesuwe .

history

Haren was first mentioned in a Corveyer register almost 1200 years ago . In 1304 the existence of a castle was mentioned, which had to be left as an "open house" by its owner to the Bishop of Münster. A Corveyer main courtyard was mentioned as early as 1000 in Haren, which is perhaps identical to this castle. At the end of the 12th century, the property passed into the state of Mecklenburg. Countess Jutta von Vechta-Ravensberg sold her possessions to Bishop Otto II of Münster in 1252 , so that Haren became part of the Lower Monastery of Münster .

At the end of the Thirty Years War Haren was almost completely destroyed, but was soon able to recover and became the center of Püntenschifffahrt on the Ems. In 1803 the place was allocated to Duke Ludwig Engelbert von Arenberg as a replacement for the loss of his areas on the left bank of the Rhine based on the resolutions of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . Haren now belonged to the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen . In 1810 Haren became part of the French Empire . In the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen was assigned to the Kingdom of Hanover , which became a Prussian province in 1866.

During the Nazi era, Emslandlager VIII Wesuwe was located in the area of ​​today's city of Haren .

Haren 1945–1948: Maczków

Entrance sign Maczków - hair

For three years from May 1945, Haren was the political and cultural center of the Polish-administered area in the Emsland . In April 1945 Polish troops of the government-in-exile reached the region together with Canadian units under the leadership of British Field Marshal Montgomery. On April 12, the Oberlangen camp was liberated by a small group from the 2nd Division of the 1st Polish Armored Division, which was under the command of General Maczek. A farmer had told the Polish soldiers about the camp with the Polish women.

For the first time the women stayed in the camp, only the sick were flown to England. After Germany surrendered in May, around 250,000 Poles, former prisoners of war, soldiers and forced laborers, were in the British occupation zone. Many sought the proximity of the Polish division, from which they expected protection and help. So there were soon around 30,000 Polish civilians and around 18,000 Polish soldiers in the Emsland, forming a Polish enclave.

Since the situation in their home country was still too confusing for many, especially due to the change in the borders of Poland, they stayed in the British zone. So the British military government had to provide accommodation. In many communities in the region, the evacuation of apartments to accommodate the DPs was ordered. Only valuables, clothing, food and pets were allowed to be taken. Furniture, mattresses and household items, including plates and cutlery, had to remain in the apartments and were to be made available to the Polish occupiers from then on.

On May 20, 1945, the mayor of the Emsland community of Haren received the eviction order. 514 houses had to be evacuated between May 21 and 28. Only the mayor with his family, who took care of the maintenance of the German administration and the Harener exiles housed in the surrounding villages, and the nuns in the St. Franziskus Hospital were allowed to stay in Haren. The 1,000 families were assigned to the surrounding peasant communities.

Around 4,000 Polish citizens moved into the city of Haren. The city got a Polish mayor and city council, Polish street names, schools, a cinema and two theaters and became the seat of the Polish teachers' association, which organized the school system in the western occupation zones from here. The city also got a new name. For a short time it was called Lwów. But during a visit to the troops on June 24, 1945, the Polish commander-in-chief, General Count Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski, gave the municipality the name Maczków in a ceremony in honor of the outgoing commander of the 1st Armored Division Stanisław Maczek, who was in command of the 1st Polish Corps in Scotland took over.

Life in Maczków seemed to be "normal" in a certain way. So they got married soon. On June 12, 1945 alone, the files record 82 marriages. And in the period up to the summer of 1948, 479 children were born in Maczków.

On September 10, 1948, the last Poles left Haren, mainly for Poland or the Commonwealth countries.

Since 1946

Formerly independent communities around the core city area, as of March 1974

After the state of Prussia was dissolved, Haren belonged to the newly created state of Lower Saxony from 1946.

In 1956 the municipalities of Haren and Altharen merged to form the municipality of Haren (Ems). On December 3, 1965 the town charter was granted. As part of the municipal reform in Lower Saxony, the municipality of Landegge and the city of Haren (Ems) merged for a short time to form a single municipality. On March 1, 1974, the community reform came into force in the old district , through the twelve communities in the northwest of the old district of Meppen ( Altenberge (1) , Emen (2) , Emmeln (3) , Fehndorf (4) , Haren (Ems) (center)) , Landegge (5) , Lindloh (6) , Raken (7) , Rütenbrock (8) , Schwartenberg (9) , Tinnen (10) and Wesuwe (11) ) were dissolved and merged to form the unified municipality of the city of Haren (Ems). The newly formed town of Haren (Ems) has around 16,500 inhabitants and an area of ​​208.62 km².

As part of the Lower Saxony district reform on August 1, 1977, the former Lingen , Meppen and Aschendorf-Hümmling districts were combined to form the Emsland district .

The von Haren family

A ministerial dynasty called " von Haren " is documented for the 12th century who lived in Haren Castle. The castle is said to have been sold to the Bishop of Münster in 1304. Descendants of the “von Haren” family (with three spindles in the family coat of arms), who formerly lived in Haren, sat at Hopen Castle in Lohne (Oldenburg) from 1591 to 1793 .

Origin and meaning of the names

  • Haren : har is a dry, barren hill in the Emsland, where more emphasis is placed on the former properties than on the increase, so mostly a sand dune. It is common as a field name; as a basic word it can be found in Bramhar: hill overgrown with broom, as a defining word in Haren , which is called Harun at the beginning of the 9th century .
  • Landegge : harrow is found more often in mountainous and hilly areas and describes an elongated mountain range. In Emsland it also means the end, the edge. The place was called Landecke in 1190 and Landegge around 1283 .
  • Erika : the name refers to the heather flower. The settlement emerged in 1886 first as the "Altharener Moor", later as the Erika moor colony, through the construction of the Haren-Rütenbrock Canal (1870–1878).
  • Altenberge : the name resulted from the location. In the center of the settlement there was a sand hill known as the "Old Mountains". The Altenberge colony was created in 1810 by the mother community of Altharen with 54 settler sites.

politics

City council

  
A total of 34 seats

The city council of the city of Haren (Ems) consists of 34 council women and councilors. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 20,001 and 25,000. The 34 council members are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The full-time mayor Markus Honnigfort (CDU) is also entitled to vote in the city council .

After the local elections on September 11, 2016 , two parliamentary groups were formed:

  • CDU : 25 seats
  • SPD : 9 seats

mayor

In 1965 August Laing was honorary mayor and Otto Nerkamp was the community director. The honorary mayor Bernd-Carsten Hiebing (1991-2003) was followed by Markus Honnigfort (* 1964) (CDU) as the first full-time mayor of the city of Haren after the abolition of the municipal dual leadership in 2003. He was confirmed in office in the local election on September 11, 2011 with a result of 76.64%.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the city of Haren (Ems) shows three silver sails with silver pennants on a golden mast and three golden windmill blades arranged in a blue shield in the form of a six-pass .

flag

The city flag is striped lengthways in the colors blue and gold and has the city coat of arms in the middle.

Town twinning

Culture and sights

High altar of the Emsland Cathedral
House harrow
MS Amisia I.

Attractions

The most famous landmark of the city is the Catholic St. Martinus Church , popularly known as Emslanddom . The neo-baroque cathedral was designed by the cathedral builder Wilhelm Sunder-Plaßmann from Münster and towers over the city with its 58 meter high, green dome. The building, erected from 1908 to 1911, integrates the west tower of the old church from 1853/54.

In the Haren-Rütenbrock Canal , some museum ships present the city's shipping history. The Spitzpünte Helene from 1890, the iron Emspünte Haren I , which was typical for the period before the First World War, and the Watt motor ship Thea-Angela can be visited.

Around the Dankern Castle there is a large holiday park area with one of the largest playgrounds in Germany.

Of the Landegge Abbey Castle, built around 1178 , only the castle hill in the village of Landegge remained. The Landegge house is a manor house built in 1695 for Wilhelm Diedrich von Schade . After 1756 the owners changed frequently. Today the manor houses a holiday and riding facility.

From 1977 the passenger ship Amisia , built in 1949, operated from Haren on the Ems. In September 2009 it was sold to Maastricht and replaced by a successor ship also named Amisia .

In the vicinity of the B 408 and Landegges there is a cap windmill, popularly known as Mersmühle , from 1825. The mill and the historic miller's building from the 19th century can be visited.

Education, social affairs and sports

In the city of Haren (Ems) there are eight kindergartens, eight elementary schools, two secondary schools, one special school and one grammar school. There is also a branch of the Meppen adult education center in the city center. Six Catholic parishes and the Evangelical Lutheran parish maintain public libraries. The KÖB St. Martinus, which as the main library has more than 10,000 media, is located in the Bischof-Demann-Haus at Martinusplatz 2-4. There is a wide range of sports on offer in various sports clubs. In addition, there is a golf course on Gut Düneburg .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Haren (Ems) is known as a skipper town and the largest tourist destination in the Emsland. Today more than 20 shipping companies are based in Haren and together manage a fleet of over 250 sea and coastal vessels. In addition, around 50 inland waterways are based in Haren , which are usually owned by individual owners . This makes the city of Haren one of the three largest shipping locations in Germany. The city has four ports: Eurohafen Emsland, Alter Hafen, Neuer Hafen and the “Emspark” marina, which is connected to a new residential area. The Kötter shipyard works at the New Harbor .

One of the most important employers is Emsland Frischgeflügel GmbH .

traffic

Haren can be reached via the federal highway 31 and the federal highway 70 . The district of Emmeln is located on the Münster - Emden railway line ( Emsland line ), which opened in 1855 , where the regional express trains to Rheine and Leer (RE 15 Emsland Express ) stop every hour at Haren station . Haren is located on the Ems , which is navigable between the North Sea and Meppen . From Meppen it is connected to the Ruhr area via the Dortmund-Ems Canal .

The Eurohafen Emsland was built in 2007 as a port between the towns of Haren and Meppen .

In addition to the Dortmund-Ems Canal Route , an approximately 350 km long and almost incline-free long-distance cycle path that connects the Ruhr area with the North Sea coast , other local round trips are available to cycle tourists . The Pünten Tour (67 km), the 2-Country Tour (45 km) and the Village Tour (43 km).

fire Department

Defensive fire protection and general help in the urban area are guaranteed by the Haren and Rütenbrock volunteer fire departments .

The firefighters are alerted via radio receivers and at the same time via SMS, based on specific alarm keywords, from the central fire service control center in the Emsland district. These two fire brigades go out about 200 times a year to provide assistance and fire. They also perform supra-local operations, not only in the context of neighborhood fire fighting, but also support other fire brigades or cities and communities in the district with their diving or hazardous substance groups. The Rütenbrocker fire brigade is also moving to the neighboring Netherlands. The two fire brigades have a fleet of 12 emergency vehicles, two lifeboats and various trailers available for their tasks .

Emergency services and disaster control

In Haren there is a new ambulance station built in 2016 with two permanently stationed ambulances belonging to the DRK district association Emslandes eV Both are manned around the clock and are responsible for the entire city of Haren. In addition, there is a local DRK association in Haren , whose sanitary standby ensures the supply of medical services to major events and is active in disaster control in the Emsland district . An active youth Red Cross is also affiliated with the local association

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Hermann Abels: The place names of the Emsland, in their linguistic and cultural-historical significance. Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 1929.
  • Ernst Förstemann, Hermann Jellinghaus (editor): Old German name book , Volume II, 1 and 2: Place names. Bonn 1913/1916 (reprint: Volume II, 2, Hildesheim 1967/1983, ISBN 3-487-01733-4 ).
  • Juergen Hobrecht: When Haren Maczków was called , in Die Zeit , 21/1995.
  • Werner Kaemling: Atlas on the history of Lower Saxony. Gerd J. Holtzmeyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1987, ISBN 3-923722-44-3 .
  • Jan Rydel: The Polish occupation in Emsland 1945-1948 , Osnabrück: fiber publishing house 2003, ISBN 3-929759-68-3 .
  • Reinhard Wessels, Gerd Schepers: On the history of Haren inland, coastal and maritime shipping - then and now. Haren (Ems) 2004, ISBN 3-927099-87-2 .
  • Margareta Bloom-Schinnerl: When Haren was called Maczków. A Polish zone of occupation in Emsland , Deutschlandfunk , May 3, 2016 (PDF file)

Web links

Commons : Haren  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ Mayor Honnigfort: Main statute of the city of Haren (Ems), § 3 localities. November 3, 2011, accessed May 7, 2015 .
  3. ↑ City of Haren: The Haren Castle - The rule of the Tecklenburger counts in Emsland
  4. ↑ in detail Margareta Bloom-Schinnerl: When Haren was called Maczków. A Polish zone of occupation in Emsland. Deutschlandfunk from May 3, 2016 (pdf), accessed on January 20, 2020 . Maczków - a Polish enclave in northern Germany. Porta Polonica, accessed January 20, 2020 . Hello Lower Saxony: 75 years ago. Haren becomes Maczków in Poland. In: NDR . December 6, 2019, accessed May 22, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Marcel Joppa Sputnik Germany: The fifth zone of occupation: When Poland took over a piece of Germany. Retrieved June 27, 2020 .
  6. ^ Karl Forster: Haren - Lwów - Maczków - Haren, a Polish city in Germany. Retrieved June 18, 2020 .
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 257 .
  8. ↑ Tabular overview of the history of the city of Haren (Ems) , accessed on May 8, 2015
  9. ↑ City of Haren: Tabular overview of the history of the city of Haren (Ems) (PDF; 333 kB)
  10. ^ Wilhelm Kohl: Germania sacra: historical-static description of the Church of the Old Kingdom. Berlin / New York 1999. p. 29 f.
  11. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on September 1, 2013
  12. ↑ according to the website of the city of Haren, accessed on February 21, 2017
  13. ↑ http://www.haren.de/verwaltung_und_buergerservice/buergermeister/art_15.html
  14. ↑ a b Main Statute of the City of Haren (Ems) (PDF; 273 kB), accessed on September 1, 2013
  15. ↑ Homepage of the MS Amisia II
  16. ^ German Red Cross: Home. April 27, 2020, accessed May 16, 2020 .
  17. ↑ City of Haren (Ems) - medical and rescue services - association database - life and housing. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  18. ↑ City of Haren (Ems) - medical and rescue services - association database - life and housing. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .