Papen (noble family)
Papen (also Pape ) is the name of a Westphalian aristocratic family , which is also known as the heir salting family due to the heir salting rights granted in the Middle Ages . Together with the von Lilien family, they are the last surviving members of the Erbsälzer Collegium in Werl .
history
The original name of the family was Pape and probably originated in the 10th or 11th century in the area of today's cities Werl, Soest and Arnsberg . He is of clerical origin. At that time there was no celibacy . Priests formed gender lines and amassed great fortunes. This was the occasion for the introduction of the same by the Pope. The male members of the family were originally priests or salters. Individuals also became knights . The name Pape appears for the first time with Theodorius Pape (around 1020-1094). In 1247 a Rotgerus Pape, called "Clericus", a knight in the suite of the Counts of Arnsberg is mentioned. In 1262 he became bailiff of the city of Soest and received the royal ban from King Richard (1257–1272) to exercise jurisdiction over the bailiwick. In 1277 Ludwig Pape, known as Witte (Weise), sold an estate in Dorsten to the squire Arnulf von Almen . Another outstanding member of the family is the court marshal Johannes Pape in 1290 .
In 1308 the brothers Heinrich and Hermann Pape appear when goods were sold to Ludwig Graf von Arnsberg, and in 1323 the former renounces his ownership rights to the court of Altenlinne in favor of the Oelinghausen monastery. In 1328 Johann Pape (Mayor of Soest and three councilors) on the Godesburg (near Bonn) are enfeoffed by the Archbishop of Cologne with all the rights of the city of Soest. In 1362, Wilhelm and Betekin dikti Pape zu Werl lived in a salt house.
In addition to these members of the family, the members of the family named on May 11, 1298 with Albertus dictus Papa and his son Hermannus dictus Edelinc as citizens and Sälzer zu Werl are essential indications that the family has been involved in knighting and the operation of salt works in Werl since the earliest times has followed up. Some are called castle men in the documents . These are knights who belong to the ministerial nobility. In the oldest documents, the Papes family is referred to as liberi homines salinarii . This name indicates the close connection to the salt springs in the area of today's town Werl , in which members of the family owned shares. The salt springs near Werl have been used intensively by early humans for thousands of years, as the finds of Stone Age artefacts show. The city of Werl developed from this ancient use of the salt springs at its location.
The Erbsälzercollegium in Werl, to which the von Papen belonged together with the families von Bendit, Bock, Zelion (called Brandis), Crispen, Klingenberg (called Schöler), Lilien , Mellin and others, has enjoyed a prominent position since Charlemagne from a written document of St. Suitbertus , the Apostle of Westphalia, can be found. He cites the reason for this that its partners were the first to profess the Christian faith ("idem itera Suitbertus hospitatus est in Werlaon apud liberos homnines solinarios adhuc catechumenos in casis [...]").
After the Duke of Saxony Heinrich I took over the royal dignity of the German Empire in 919, he financed the construction of castles and city walls to ward off the annual raids by Hungarians in Germany by levying high special taxes. These were mainly raised by the Sälzer families in the Reich, as salt was the only valuable commodity south of the Alps. This also included the Sälzer in the later Werl. During this time, the Werl saltworks settlement was expanded into the Werl fortress with castle. The castle was the seat of a dynasty of counts that belonged to the family of the German kings (the Saxon Ottonians, according to other sources to the Carolingians).
As early as July 12, 1246, the special privileges of the Papen and the other Werler salzers were formally confirmed by Archbishop Konrad of Cologne . With the Golden Bull of Emperor Charles IV of 1356, the heirs to the saline lost the imperial immediacy of the salt pans. From then on, these were subordinate to the territorial lords, the Archbishops of Cologne. However, the salt pans and the right to drill new salt springs and the operation of salt works in the Werl area remained a monopoly of the salters to Werl. The Sälzer families formed a noble corporation with the name "Erbsälzer zu Werl". The time when it was founded is not known. This corporation has a common coat of arms: the occupation of a black shield with the golden image of the imperial apple and three golden salt flasks, left and right and under it. The imperial orb is an expression of imperial immediacy.
This Sälzer coat of arms was inserted as the keystone of the left aisle in the Romanesque provost church (construction started before 1150) in Werl and can still be seen there today. When the keystone was (re) discovered in 1662 (as part of a renovation) it was identified as the corporation's coat of arms. But it was probably the coat of arms of the extinct Hussel family. From this year at the latest, it became the common heed-salt coat of arms.
The Roman-German King Sigismund declared the Pape (n) s, as a replacement for all documents that had been lost in a fire in Werl, with a document, the "Sigismundis" again in 1432 for tournament and penal use. This document was and is kept in a leather case. The Pape family, as well as all other heed salt families, bear the coat of arms, which is stamped on the title page of the salt book from 1581 next to the coat of arms: "Si deus pro nobis, quis contra nos ?!".
The eight Sälzer families, deeply rooted in Catholic Christianity through tradition and fully aware of their economic strength and social positions, founded their own Sälzervikarie in 1485, which still exists today. In 1594 a separate altar was erected in the Werler provost church in the left aisle. On the substructure of the altar, the common coat of arms of the Sälzer and the imperial orb was chiseled in sandstone and painted in color, and the coats of arms of the Sälzer families on the lower bar of the altar. This altar still exists today and on Michaelmas day the still living Sälzer celebrate the day of their patron saint, the Archangel Michael, who was also the "angel of the Germans" in the old kingdom. The holy mass, the high mass, is read by the salzervicar.
In the 17th century the Pape family changed their name by adding an "n" to it. Now they called themselves 'Papen'; presumably to document the distance to the non-salt lines of the Pape family, who as squires were not economically in the strong position of the salters (salt squires).
From the 17th century onwards, a common class of aristocracy developed from the various noble families, such as knightly and canons, squires and patrician families, which had never existed before. Emperor Ferdinand III. (1636–1657) took this development into account and introduced the word “von” as a prefix to the gender name for all families belonging to the noble class, although the old families had to take care of this themselves. Presumably this was also associated with a fee that must have been considerable at the time. The Werler Sälzer families, including the Papen, wrote themselves from now on: 'von Papen'.
Like most of the squire families in Westphalia, the non-Elder Pape lines neglected this modernization, presumably out of conservative self-confidence or a lack of liquidity, but continued to carry the common family coat of arms of the Pape, Papen, von Papen. This common coat of arms refutes the assertion made several times, especially by the von Papen family: that the lines Warstein and Rüden do not belong to the same sex with them. Family arms could only be used by knights and their descendants. From the 11th century onwards, the right to coat of arms became a privilege of families eligible for tournaments and foundations (i.e. noble families). The coat of arms reached its peak in the 13th century and at the same time became a privilege to seal. The heralds (heralds) were responsible for the recognition of coats of arms. These were named by the German king and later the Roman-German emperor and the sovereigns. Illegally used coats of arms were not recognized and forbidden and the leadership could be punished. Therefore, the commonality of the coats of arms of the later von Papen and the Pape zu Rüden and Warstein and their descendants is a proof of the commonality that refutes all attempts at differentiation and exclusion.
As the cities flourished after the Thirty Years' War, new families with great property and wealth came up everywhere and the overview of legitimate and unauthorized names and ranks became very difficult, so the old noble families (primal nobility) tried to confirm their old ones to delimit them Nobility. So also the Werler Erbsälzer. At that time there were only six salting families left. This initiated a new formal confirmation of their imperial nobility by the Reichshofrat in Vienna at the beginning of the 18th century. It was confirmed again on April 15, 1708 with the signature of the Roman-German Emperor Josef I. The diplomas were then presented to the six families on October 21, 1710. The emperor confirmed their old status as a noble family and as a member of the imperial nobility (in contrast to families ennobled by princes or sovereigns).
Older genealogy of the sex
The older genealogy of the family begins (documented mention 1298) with Albert Christen Pape, Sälzer zu Werl and Ritter in the suite of the Counts of Arnsberg , ⚭ with Kunigunde NN. His descendants are known by name for three generations but cannot be exactly assigned.
They are: 1298 Wilhelm, mayor of Werl, councilor, Sälzer; 1298 Goswin; 1298 Albert; 1328 Wilhelm, councilor; 1298 Albert; 1328 Wilhelm, councilor; 1359 Heinrich (zu Werl?), 1362 Wilhelm; 1359 Heinrich; 1399 Bertold; Councilor of Werl and Sälzer; 1419 Bertold, councilor and Sälzer; Bertold, pastor of Lohne, 1394 Johann; Councilor, judge zu Werl; 1448 Bertold and 1436 Hermann. One of the latter two is the father of Albert Christen Pape.
Established ancestors and their cousins of Albert Christen Pape were:
- 1247: Rutgerus Pape, knight in the suite of the Counts of Arnsberg and 1262 Vogt of the city of Soest
- 1277: Ludwig Pape, known as Witte (Weise), sells a property in Dorsten to the squire Arnulf von Almen
- 1298: Albert Pape, Sälzer zu Werl, his son Hermann, called Edeling
The secure lineage begins 1470–94 with Wilhelm Pape, who was enfeoffed in 1485 by the Count of Tecklenburg with the Koeningen castle house near Werl, which he had acquired through marriage. He is therefore the first generation in the two main lines that have developed with the sons from his first marriage. He was married twice (1st marriage: N. (von) Medecke, called Keyge (von) Gifferde, Tr. D. Ritters Wilhelm us Fr. NN .; 2nd marriage: around 1485 Adelheid (von) Lappe, Wwe. of the knight Everd (von) Schürmann, Tr. d. Knight Cord (von) Lappe zu Köningen us Fr. Anna (von) Landsberg). He is the 1st generation in the line of the sex.
From the marriage to I. the older and younger main line, as well as a third main line that died out after two generations, emerge.
There were four offspring from the marriage to II. (Melchior 1495, no descendants; Balthasar, 1495 ⚭ with the saller's daughter Walburga (Zelion) -Brandis - two sons: Jurgen and Dietrich, 'dead' as knights of the Teutonic Order in Livonia 1561; Wilhelm 1495, had only female descendants; Georg 1495 , no offspring).
Since the possession of Köningen at the latest, the Pape family, like its lines not belonging to the Sälzers, belonged to males and Warstein not only to the knightly and monastery-like nobles, but also to the squires.
Lines of sex
In the 15th century the family divided into two main lines according to their possessions: older main line: Papen-Scheidingen, younger main line: Papen-Koeningen. The older main line begins with the son of Wilhelm Papen (1st generation) and his first wife N: von Medecke, called Keyge von Gifferde (2nd generation). Wilhelm Pape, 1495–1523, Mayor of Werl, Sälzer, † 1526, ⚭ with Ursula Pape, daughter of Melchior Pape, Kaiserl. General. This Melchior Pape from the non-malting line Pape zu Warstein was the son of Johann Pape de Warstein, Westphalian land marshal.
The younger main line begins with the third son (2nd generation) Jaspar Pape, urk. 1547, Magister (artium) first councilor zu Werl, Sälzer, then hereditary resident zu Soest (members of the Sälzerschaft zu Soest), since 1532 settled on house Köningen, ⚭ I. around 1505, Anna von Dael, Tr. d. Soest patrician Gobel us Fr. Apollonia von Schnellenberg .; ⚭ II. Marriage contract April 28, 1528 with Anna von Meyburg, † 1566, Tr. d. Soest patricians Bertram us Fr. Gertrud von Juden.
Another main line (2nd Gen.) with the name Bötel line died out after two generations in the male line. While the family estate with Haus Koeningen (Werl) of the younger main line Papen-Koeningen later fell through marriage to the older main line Papen-Scheidingen, the younger line was able to expand its property to include the goods with Haus Lohe , Antfeld Castle , Erwitte and the Westernkotten saltworks. The older Papen-Scheidingen line lost the Scheidingen estate and later owned, in addition to the Köningen and Westrich houses near Werl, also Wilbring houses near Waltrop, in the Recklinghausen district; Gut Münstermaifeld near Mayen, Eifel; the manor house of the former monastery Himmelpforten (Ense) , Niederense bei Arnsberg and Rittergut Schwochow , near Pyritz in Pomerania. The secondary lines arising from the older main line are named after the respective seat of the line (e.g. von Papen-Wilbring , after the seat of Haus Wilbring).
Non-salt lines of gender
Already in the 14th century, as already explained under the paragraph: History, non-malt lines of the Pape emerged, of which the lines to Rüden and Warstein with subsidiary lines still exist today. One of the most important and important lawyers of the German state, Heinrich Eduard Pape, (conditor juris germanici) (also Heinrich Eduard von Pape ) * September 13, 1816 in Brilon, Sauerland, † September 11, 1888, ⚭ with comes from the Warstein line Clara Heineken, daughter of a Bremen senator. After a picture book career, he was appointed by the Reich Chancellor, Prince Otto von Bismarck, to chair the commission that had to draft the German Civil Code. He headed this commission until the draft was completed and in 1887 presented the draft to Bismarck, which Bismarck brought to the Reichstag for adoption in 1888. He was a member of the Prussian State Council and was allowed to sign his files and correspondence with the title of excellence.
Another non-malt line was established in the 16th century. After the research of Friedrich von Klocke , Christoph Pape, 1548 a. sp. † 1611, Lord of Westrich and Scheidingen (IV. Gen., older main line) one of his legitimized son Peter. Mother's name is unknown. This son Peter Papen, * 1556, † August 26, 1626 in Würzburg, landowner in Scheidingen, studied law in Leuven / Flanders and was then since 1604 professor of law at the University of Würzburg, princely. Rath † August 26, 1626. He latinized his name, following the trend of academic families, and not only took over from the Sälzer-Pape the change of his name to Papen, but also the addition of “von”, which was now emerging in the nobility, and was now called Peter von Papen called Papius. According to the latest research, however, the son Peter, Christoph Pape, cannot be identical with the lawyer and Princely Councilor Peter in Würzburg. The research of Heinrich Josef Deisting and Michael Jolk, both Werl, and the work of Werner Kohn The incredible career of Peter Pape refute the identity. However, since the Würzburger Pape, Papen, Papius have the same coat of arms as the Werler Sälzer Pape and that of the non-salting lines and others to Warstein and Rüden, the descent from one of these two lines of the Pape family from the Werl, Soest, Arnsberg area can be assumed. This is supported by the fact that in the Siebmacher Wappenbuch, edition 1701, Fränkischer Adel, p. 127, the Papius and the Pape coat of arms of the Werler Sälzer and the Pape Landjunker and others to Warstein and Rüden are listed. The von Papius family with the Pape (n) coat of arms is also listed in Siebmacher's first supplement from 1753, Tableaux 31. Peter Papius and his descendants received various confirmations and increases of nobility. They were high state officials with the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (such as Peter Christian Franz von Papius, who died in 1697, son of the Würzburg lawyer and university professor Peter Papius) and later in the Kingdom of Bavaria. Here the name changed to Baron von Papius. This gender still exists today in different lines. Right from the start (the progenitor Peter von Papen gnt. Papius) they have the same coat of arms as the Sälzer von Papen zu Werl.
Marriage Policy and Social Networking
To maintain their social position, the members of the Papen family preferred spouses within the 8 salting families, including their own sex, including the non-salting Pape and from the Westphalian knight-born, rural and urban nobility. They married their daughters into these families as well. This marriage policy brought a broad network within the Sälz society and the patricians, not only in Werl, but also especially in Soest and Dortmund. But also all important Westphalian families like v. Landsberg, v. Fürstenberg, v. Heddersdorf, v. Hövel, v. Kückelsheim, v. Geismar, v. Small worries, v. Schelver, v. Few, v. Berswordt, v. Arnsberg, v. Droste-Vischering, v. Mallinckrodt and others.
The most extreme case of a cousin marriage were the marriages between Ferdinand von Papen-Wilbring and Antoinette von Papen-Köningen, the daughter of Franz-Josef von Papen-Köningen. This in turn married Casparine von Papen, the sister of his brother-in-law Ferdinand von Papen-Wilbring (see graphic).
To the extent that the function of the nobility in Germany took over the duties of the nobility from 1840 through the emerging middle class and upper class, the dynastic marriage policy also disappeared from the von Papen family. This has now been replaced by marriages with women from the private and professional environment, outside the closed Westphalian aristocratic circles.
The members of the family always made sure that they were represented in the council meeting of the city of Werl with numerous family members, theirs and the other Sälzer families. Politically, the citizens of Werl always faced a closed phalanx of related, related and related salzers. At times they were even entitled to half of the council seats.
As a result, most of the mayors of the city of Werl were Erbsälzer. The Papen appointed the following mayors (this list is not exhaustive):
- 1298 Wilhelm Pape mayor
- 1394–1407 Johann Pape, councilor and judge at Werl
- 1426 N. Pape, mayor
- 1470–1494 Wilhelm Pape, mayor
- 1503 Wilhelm Pape, mayor
- 1495–1523 Wilhelm Pape
- since 1520 Dietrich Pape, mayor
- 1586 Johann Pape, mayor
- 1615 Bertram von Papen, mayor
- † 1636 Dietrich von Papen, mayor
- † 1676 Caspar von Papen, mayor
- * 1638 Johann von Papen, mayor
If no Pape (n) was mayor, then he was provided by one of the other eight heed-males families Bendit, Bock, Crispen, Lilien, Mellin, Schöler, Zelion or Brandis. Occasionally there was also a mayor from the citizenry.
According to the later professional statutes, which developed from the beginning of 1700 and became law, landowning nobles were no longer allowed to live in the city at the same time and had no legal right to the active and passive right to vote for the city council or mayor's office.
The chairman of the Erbsälzerkorporation was probably the Sälzeroberst since it was founded. According to today's understanding, he was the president, but only “primus inter pares” on the board of the corporation. The Sälzeroberst was elected by all Sälzer. The elected representatives from the Papen family were:
- Johann von Papen (Bötel zu Werl line), around 1530–1589
- Philipp von Papen (younger main line), † 1638.
- Wilhelm Albert von Papen (younger main line), b. after 1648-1712
- Dietrich von Papen (younger main line), 1611 – until after 1683.
- Johann von Papen (younger main line), † 1632.
- Dietrich von Papen (younger main line), 1669–1704 (murdered in Jülich)
- Josef Dietrich von Papen (younger main line), 1699–1741
- Franz Dietrich von Papen (younger main line), 1668–1747
- Johann von Papen-Wilbring in 1685.
- Gerhard Gereon von Papen (younger main line), 1668–1737
- Franz Johann von Papen (older main line), † before 1736.
- Goswin Anton von Papen (younger main line), 1719–1796
- Theodor von Papen-Lohe, 1788–1825
- Franz Josef von Papen-Köningen, 1810–1852
- Friedrich von Papen-Köningen, 1839–1906
- Werner von Papen-Westrich, 1832–1914
- Hans von Papen-Köningen, 1873–1944
- Hubertus von Papen-Koeningen, 1920–2011
- Christian von Papen-Lohe (* 1947, currently officiating)
The list is not complete; there are, among other things, missing documents from before 1500. Frequent fires have destroyed many files and the heirs did not always handle the documents carefully. Some files were also from the recent past, e.g. B. those that concerned the 19th century, saved from the rubbish of an unmanaged house of the Erbsälzer in the Werl spa park only by the chance visit of an Erbsälzer not resident in Werl from destruction.
Military traditions of the Pape bis von Papen
From the beginning of their documentary evidence, the family Pape, von Papen always had a strong relationship with the knighthood, later with military leaders and officers. This close relationship probably results from the fact that they had to defend their property as Sälzer even before the documentary time. However, it cannot be ruled out that they have acquired property through armed conflicts. Even the priests in the post-Carolingian period, up to the 13th century, were thoroughly experienced and trained in warfare. When the priestly profession ceased to exist due to celibacy, the practice of the arms trade as knights and castle men in the service of the Counts of Werl and later Arnsberg offered itself. Later, after the castle men had withdrawn from Werl Castle, the leadership of a large number of armed conflicts and the defense of the town of Werl and the salt pans lay in their hands and those of the other salting families.
Papens fought as military leaders in the Soest feud from 1444–1449 (war of the electoral ruler of Cologne against the city of Soest). Papens fought in the Truchsessian War (1583–1588), the Turkish Wars ( 1683), in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648); were in the pay of the Elector of Cologne and fought in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), were in the service of the Roman-German Emperor and even in the service of the King of Sardinia-Piedmont . So it was inevitable that they were part of the Prussian contingent of Allied troops against Napoleon, for the German Confederation against the Danes in the decisive battle at the Düppeler Schanzen (near Sonderburg, Holstein, on April 18, 1864) and in the German war of unification ( North German Bund against France 1870/71) fought. The unification of most of the German states into one nation-state then led to a large number of officer careers in the two world wars. The 1945 collapse led to a reassessment of career options among young members of the sex. There is only one reserve officer in the Bundeswehr , a lieutenant d. R. der NVA (a doctorate in process engineering); some team ranks, despite the school requirement to become a reserve officer, and a large number of conscientious objection or alternative service can be proven.
The following list of the well-known fighters, warriors and officers shows that there was a permanent close relationship to the arms trade in all lines of the sex but also a network with famous knight families and generals through marriages:
1. These begin in the earliest times, when a large number of the Pape family in the Werl, Soest, Arnsberg area served as knights for the Counts of Werl and later Counts of Arnsberg and through marriages with daughters of knight families.
2. Johann Pape de Warstein, Westphalian land marshal, mentioned in a document in 1426, and his nephew in 1465, originate from the emerging lines to Warstein and Rüden. mentioned Melchior Pape, Herr zu Rüden and Warstein, General under Emperor Sigismund . His daughter Ursula married the Erbsälzer Wilhelm Pape (older main line, II. Gen. see paragraph "Lineage". These are therefore the ancestors of the older main line.)
3. Johann Pape (3rd Gen. Younger Main Line), Mayor of Werl, * around 1506, fought in the turmoil of Truchsess. He was taken prisoner and died on March 10, 1586 in Dorsten as a prisoner of the elector. The Archbishop of Cologne and Elector Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg converted to the Protestant faith. As a result, there were a number of local military conflicts, including in the Werl and Soest area. The commitment of the Erbsälzer was one of the decisive factors that the Reformation did not make the Werl, Soest (apart from the city itself) and Arnsberg area Protestant.
4. Dietrich and 5. Jürgen von Papen, brothers, fell as knights in Livonia in 1561. (III. Gen. Younger Main Line)
6. Kaspar von Papen, (probably older main line) fought in the Thirty Years War in the Bavarian contingent of imperial troops and fought in the Palatinate after 1620. In 1630 he took his leave.
7. Dietrich von Papen * 1611. (4th Gen., younger main line) He served as a cornet (i.e. standard ensign with officer rank) in the imperial cavalry regiment of Colonel von Vallois
8. Johann Franz von Papen (VII. Gen., Westrich line), Herr zu Westrich, Bavarian Cornett, around 1710.
9. Ernst von Papen-Wesseler (V. Gen., Bockum line), lord of Haus Bockum and Essenthlo, imperial colonel in the Thirty Years War, among other things brave defender of Paderborn and Hanau / Hesse against the Swedes and French and city commander of Friedberg , ⚭ 1620 with Elisabeth von Bönninghausen, sister of Lothar Dietrich Freiherr von Bönninghausen, among other things Imperial Field Marshal-Lieutenant and Maréchal de Cammp, King of France, Lord of Schnellenberg Castle near Attendorn. This in turn had a natural son with the sister of his brother-in-law Ursula von Papen. The daughter Wilhelmine Margarethe of Colonel Ernst von Papen-Wesseler and Elisabeth von Bönninghausen married Johann von Papen (VI. Gen., Wilbring line), Mayor of Werl. The son from this marriage:
10. Caspar Theodor Anton von Papen, (VII. Gen. Line Wilbring) * Werl July 21, 1674, † 1719 (in his time: confirmation of imperial nobility), 1694 lieutenant in Münster, then electoral captain under the Cologne cathedral chapter and fought in the War of Spanish Succession, ⚭ Antonia Maria von Dücker, * 1676.
Her two sons: 11. Johann Josef Gaudenz von Papen, (8th Gen., Wilbring line) * Andernach December 27, 1712, † before 1780, Sardinian-Piedmontese major.
12. Ernst Adolf Anton von Papen, (VIII. Gen. Line Wilbring) * Andernach March 21, 1715, † Waltrop February 21, 1780, Herr auf Wilbring, Imperial Colonel, ⚭ 1766 Antonie von Kückelsheim.
Her son: 13. Andreas von Papen (VI. Gen., Soest line), fought as Imperial Lieutenant Colonel in the Kurassier Regiment Dampierre in the Swedish War (1630–1635, part of the Thirty Years' War). He died a “heroic death” at the age of 31.
14. Franz-Anton von Papen-Wesseler (Bockum line) (grandson of item 9) died in Hungary in 1692 in the fight against the Turks
16. Johann von Papen (VII. Gen., Westrich line) was a Bavarian cornet around 1700, his brother
17. Hermann Ernst von Papen (VII. Gen., Westrich line) served after 1700 as a major in the Prince-Bishop's Army, both nephews
18. Albert von Papen (8th Gen., Westrich line) fell in 1753 as an imperial captain in Carniola
19. Johann Dietrich von Papen, around 1710, (VI. Gen., younger main line) ensign,
20. Josef von Papen (IX. Gen. Line Wilbring), * Waltrop January 15, 1772, † Wilbring April 5, 1849, Herr auf Wilbring ⚭ with Sophie von Geismar, * September 8, 1781 † Wilbring August 22, 1851, the Sister of the major and later Russian general Friedrich Caspar von Geismar . He led the Russian contingent in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, in 1813 he saved the city of Weimar from destruction by Napoleon . The parents of the two were Clemens August von Geismar, Münster Major, and Bernardine von Berswordt.
From the marriage of item 20: Josef von Papen with Sophie von Geismar the following sons:
21. Ferdinand von Papen, (X. Gen. Line Wilbring, Herr auf Wilbring, progenitor of the Wilbring I line) ⚭ Werl August 26, 1834 Antonie von Papen, * Werl February 12, 1814, † Evenkamp January 14, 1875 (older main line ), Sister of
22. Franz Josef von Papen (IX. Gen, Koeningen), master of the house Koeningen, * March 6, 1810, † October 12, 1852, Fid. Bes. zu Köningen (1842), Prussian lieutenant a. D .; he fought against Napoleon in the Wars of Liberation. He was, Master of the Chair from 1844 to 1847 of the Soest Freemason Lodge "Zur Bundeskette", married to the sister of the aforementioned Ferdinand (crossing over with the mutual sisters), Kasparine von Papen, * Wilbring February 22, 1815, † Warendorf February 23 1891.
23. 2 brothers of item 21: Ferdinand von Papen:
24. Philipp von Papen (X. Gen. line Wilbring 3 extinct after 2 generations in the male line), * Wilbring, April 9, 1807, † Werl July 18, 1881, Rittmeister, lived in Werl on the old Bötel manor. ⚭ Münster i. W. October 6, 1834 Clementine Freiin von Wenge * Münster September 10, 1812, † Werl August 9, 1880, daughter of Lieutenant General von Wenge and his wife Klara Pocke
25. Theodor von Papen, (X. Gen. Line Wilbring 2) * Wilbring February 13, 1817, † Recklinghausen September 21, 1875, Prussian major ⚭ Trier September 3, 1839 with Luise von Welfer called von Netzer
26. Son of item 24: Philipp von Papen (XI. Gen. Line Wilbring 3): Friedrich Caspar von Papen, (XI. Gen., born August 30, 1838, lieutenant in the 8th Hussar Regiment in Paderborn ⚭ October 10, 1863 Anna von Droste Vischering-Padtberg.
27. Four sons of Ferdinand von Papen s. Item 21:
28. Wilhelm Franz von Papen, (Gen. XI., Wilbring line 1) * Wilbring Castle December 16, 1837, Rittmeister, 8th Cuirass. zu Deutz, † January 12, 1886, fought in the Franco-German War 1870/71, Knight of the Iron Cross
29. Franz Joseph von Papen, (Gen. XI., Wilbring line 1) * Wilbring Castle January 26, 1843, † March 1, 1925 in Detmold, Lieutenant Colonel, fought in the Franco-German War 1870/71, Knight of the Iron cross
30. Ferdinand von Papen, (Gen. XI., Wilbring line 1) * Wilbring Castle November 28, 1844, wounded as a lieutenant in the 1870 cavalry battle of Gravelotte, died of his wounds in the Rochusberg / Bingen military hospital August 18, 1870, knight of Iron cross
31. Ludwig Carl Michael, (Gen. XI., Line Wilbring 1) * Wilbring February 22, 1846, † March 26, 1916 in Bad Godesberg, Major a. D. fought in the Franco-German War 1870/71, Knight of the Iron Cross
32. Three sons from item 22: Franz Joseph von Papen:
33. Friedrich Franz von Papen, (Gen. X, line Köningen) * December 18, 1839 in Werl, † July 12, 1906 (1839–1906) a colonel with the 5th Uhlans in Düsseldorf, bearer of the Order of the Iron Cross, War hero in the Franco-German War of 1870/71, member of the inner circle of friends and corps brother (Corps Borussia Bonn) of the Crown Prince of Prussia and later Emperor Wilhelm II ,
34. Clemens Michael von Papen, (Gen. XII, line Köningen) * October 26th, 1844 in Werl, † in Bonn on November 3rd, 1891, captain a. D., single, Knight of the Iron Cross
35. Detmar Christoph Waldemar von Papen, (Gen. XII, Koeningen line) Knight of the Iron Cross, born May 1, 1850 in Werl / Westphalia, † August 15, 1898. Lieutenant in the reserve and later a police lieutenant. His great-grandson (Dr. ing.Michael von Papen) (Gen. XV) has a doctorate in process engineering and is a lieutenant in the NVA reserve.
36. Two sons from item 33:
37. Hans von Papen, (Gen. XI, Koeningen line) * September 26, 1873, Lord of the Koeningen house, Sälzeroberst, Prussia. State Forest Master, Prussia. Major a. D. Holder of the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class from 1914, bearer of the Emperor Franz Joseph Order of the Iron Crown and others, † July 1, 1944. Three sons of his: 39th to 41st.
38. Franz von Papen (Gen. XI, line Köningen), born October 29, 1879 in Werl, † May 1, 1969, Obersasbach Baden, imperial page, German military attachee in the USA and Mexico, lieutenant colonel ret. D., regimental commander in the Ottoman army, under Kemal Pascha, known as Ataturk, highly decorated in the Turkish army, member of the Center Party in the Prussian state parliament, Reich Chancellor in 1932, Vice Chancellor in 1933, German Ambassador in Vienna and then in Ankara.
39. Three sons of item 37:
40. Friedrich Sigmund von Papen, (Gen. XII, Koeningen line) * November 7, 1914 in Düsseldorf, killed near Minsk December 22, 1943, Rittmeister and company commander in an armored infantry regiment
41. Hans Lothar von Papen, (Gen. XII, line Köningen) twin brother of pos. 40., died at Orel / Russia August 2nd, 1943, Rittmeister u. Battalion commander in a tank grenadier regiment
42. Hubertus von Papen, (Gen. XII, Koeningen line) * on Koeningen, January 29, 1920, Lieutenant d. Luftwaffe d. R., Säzeroberst, † spring 2011.
43. two of several nephews of 22:
44: Adolf von Papen (Gen. XII, line Münstermaifeld) * November 7, 1841, † Düsseldorf December 17, 1928, retired Prussian major general D., ⚭ Düsseldorf September 23, 1868 with Fanny von Steffens, the sister of the wife of item 33, and cousin of item 38
45. Johann Edmund von Papen (Gen. XII, Münstermaifeld line, * Münstermaifeld June 11, 1845, † Brilon December 22, 1906, former lieutenant colonel in the Thühlen office) ⚭ Danzig January 21, 1883 with Eugenie Heyn from an in Gdansk resident English merchant family.
46. Ernst von Papen, (son of item 44; Gen. XIII, line Münstermaifeld), * 1878 in Düsseldorf, † March 14, 1968 in Bornhausen. A son:
47. One of his two sons: Hans Jürgen von Papen, born in Düsseldorf on September 11, 1920, killed near Kiev on September 17, 1941, lieutenant in the 17th Cavalry Regiment
48. Son of item 45: Fritz von Papen, (Gen. XIII; line Münstermaifeld) Colonel i. G., commander of the Kaiser's Augusta Regiment in World War I , wounded and lost a leg. During the Second World War various staff positions, after the Second World War as an interpreter at the High Commission on Petersberg, the allied commission that prepared the foundation of the West German state.
49. Adolf Victor von Papen, son of item 29; (Gen. XII, Wilbring line), * December 31, 1900 Detmold, † February 22, 1979, Lieutenant Colonel in World War II, was taken prisoner at Kovno, late returnee in 1955.
50. Wilderich von Papen, son of item 30; (Gen. XII. Line Wilbring), * July 2, 1880 in Cologne, † February 26, 1944 in the officers' convalescent home in Falkenstein as a lieutenant colonel z. V., his son Willy died of his serious wounds on November 20, 1943 in Lemberg.
51. Carl Felix Maria Michael von Papen, Gen. XIII, Wilbring line, born October 5, 1905 in Saint Privat near Metz, † May 26, 1978 in Bonn, brother of Felix von Papen, who perished in the Buchenwald concentration camp (see: known representatives of the family), administrative lawyer and head of the city of Berlin , Major d. R. (seriously wounded on the retreat in Hungary), after the war district director at the Barmer replacement fund. One of his three sons is first lieutenant in the Luftwaffe d. R.
52nd student phil. Wolfgang Alexander von Papen, (Gen. XIII, Wilbring line,) * August 7, 1920 in Brühl near Cologne, as private OA after deployment in France and Yugoslavia in Stalingrad, seriously wounded and still flown out. Discharged from the Wehrmacht on May 15, 1944. Then in the fight for Berlin in 1945 voluntarily in the Volkssturm in the fight for the center of Berlin in Soviet captivity and shot by them with three comrades. He is a brother to item 51 and to Felix von Papen (see: well-known representatives of the family).
52. Udo von Papen (Gen. XIII; line Wilbring 2-Schwochow), born April 28, 1922 Gut Schwochow / Pyritz, Pomerania, lieutenant in Infantry Regiment 94, killed on June 12, 1942 in Watolino, Russia. His parents: Jost von Papen, owner of Gut Schwochow ⚭ with Ilse Haberlandt. Ilse Haberlandt's three sisters had the following husbands: Paula Haberlandt, ⚭ with General d. Inf. Wilhelm Wegener, Kdr. General. LAK, knight's cross with oak leaves and swords, fell near Riga in September 1944; Sabine Haberlandt ⚭ with Lieutenant General René de L'homme de Courbière, in English captivity in Wildeshausen / Oldenburg on May 7, 1946, died due to the prison conditions, Inge Haberlandt ⚭ with Hans Gunter von Roell, Colonel in World War II.
Well-known representatives of the family
Before the social change from an aristocratic society to an upper middle class, the most important representatives of the Sälzer family Papen in the Kingdom of Prussia , Franz Joseph von Papen-Koeningen zu Werl, Herr auf Haus Koeningen in the Soest district (older main line, branch line Koeningen), Werner von Papen -Westrich, lord of Gut Westrich, also in the Soest district (older main line, branch line Westrich, now extinct), Ferdinand von Papen-Wilbring , lord of Wilbring Castle near Waltrop, in the Recklinghausen district (older main line, branch line Wilbring 1), Egon von Papen-Lohe at Lohe Castle near Werl and Antfeld Castle (Fideikommiss) in the Brilon district and Westernkotten in the Lippstadt district (younger main line.), Married. with Karoline Freiin von Romberg, sister of Toller Bomberg ., Ferdinand von Papen-Münstermaifeld, (older main line, branch line Münstermaifeld) Mr. at Gut Münstermaifeld near Mayen / Eifel.
Friedrich von Papen (1839–1906), Colonel with the 5th Ulanes in Düsseldorf, holder of the Order of the Iron Cross, war hero in the Franco-German War of 1870/71, member of the inner circle of friends, played an important role in the German Empire, founded in 1871 and corps brother of the Crown Prince of Prussia and later Kaiser Wilhelm II.
His son Franz von Papen , German Chancellor for six months (from June 1 to September 12, 1932) in 1932, was the most important representative (older main line), the von Papen family from Salzer.
Felix von Papen , a banker and business journalist, was in opposition to the National Socialist system . In Berlin he frequented various Prussian-monarchist and upper-class circles, which also included young officers of the Reichswehr who were later active in the military resistance and tried to organize a political resistance in 1933. Among other things, he attacked the violations of the law by the Nazi organizations in memoranda and stood before his Prussian-Jewish friends, whom he also helped with their emigration. He was born on May 12, 1910 in Diedenhofen / Lothringen (then the German Reich) and died a few days before the end of the war, in May 1945 as an inmate of the Buchenwald concentration camp. In December 1933, under unexplained circumstances, he was kidnapped from his house in Berlin-Kladow and transferred to the Oranienburg concentration camp. On July 14, 1934, he was transferred to Lichtenberg concentration camp for two weeks and then released. A few weeks later he was arrested again and released a little later. He first emigrated to Switzerland, and after the annexation of Austria and the increased appearance of Nazi groups in Switzerland, to the Netherlands, his mother's home. After the occupation he was found in his hiding place by denunciation, abducted again and taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp. Here he died as a result of the conditions of detention a few days before being liberated by US troops.
During his emigration he wrote a book Ein von Papen speaks ... about his experiences in Hitler Germany and his painful time and the crimes he experienced in the Oranienburg concentration camp, which appeared in Amsterdam in 1938 and "Die Zukunft" was published in parallel in Willi Munzenberg , Amsterdam and Paris "was printed. In the Netherlands his book was banned before the war began because of insulting a friendly country. Felix von Papen was the 3rd son of a total of 5 children of the mining engineer and mine director in Metz / Lorraine Felix Michal von Papen (Wilbring 1 line) * at Gut Himmelpforten and cousin of Franz von Papen, Chancellor in 1932. His mother was Maria Scholten, daughter of the founder of Basalt AG, Linz, and whose brother was Dipl.-Ing. Jan Arendt Scholten, master and owner of the Genovevaburg in Mayen. Felix von Papen left behind his wife with three children.
The eldest daughter of Ferdinand von Papen (Wilbring 1), Paula Margarete von Papen, b. July 9, 1835 was highly decorated for her services in the war between the North German Confederation and France. She was the bearer of the royal. bayer. Cross of Merit from 1870/71, the Royal Prussian Augusta Cross and the medal for non-acombattants. She was a woman with strong personality traits. She married Georg Josef von Papius geb. February 24, 1812. He is the author of the book History of the Salinen zu Werl and the local heirs of Lilien and von Papen and the von Papen family called Papius in Bavaria, 1864.
The first German biologist (Dr. phil. Nat.) Was Ruth von Papen (Münstermaifeld line). born in Bonn on January 13, 1908. She studied in Cologne and received her doctorate in 1935. She lived in and died in Bonn in the 1970s. She remained unmarried and had an extremely high level of education and excelled in all natural sciences. Her father was Rudolf von Papen king. prussia. Court assessor, b. Münstermaifeld May 15, 1873, died December 2, 1908 in Bonn, m. in Bonn June 8, 1904 with Agathe Freusberg, b. in Bonn July 26, 1878.
Dr. Ferdinand Gaudenz von Papen (Wilbring 1), b. October 28, 1876 in Wetzlar, died November 26, 1942 in Halle, married. September 15, 1942 in Berlin with Laura (Lore) Walter, b. January 8, 1884 in Berlin, died… in Tübingen, private scientist, was a well-known Sahara researcher and traveler to Asia in the 1930s. In the 1930s he founded the Asiological Museum in the Zwinger, Dresden. He was the son of Major Ludwig v. P., born March 23, 1845 at Wilbrng Castle.
Helmut von Papen (Wilbring 1), science journalist, publicist, publisher and author in the field of Indian studies in North America. His work in the border areas, ice age research, archeology, genetics, and ethnicities, history, and the migration of modern humans of the ancient European mitochondrial DNA N-Lineage (Haplogroup N), from North Africa via Palestine to North and South America, his innumerable scientific publications about the Anasazi, Mogollon, Hohokam and other cultures of the southwest of North America, the early Ice Age cultures of North America, the development of the mound-builder (pyramid-building cultures) in the Mississippi Valley and the southeast of North America and others have made him so. His book about the Anasazi culture and its neighboring cultures ( Hohokam culture , Mogollon culture , Sinagua culture ) in the area of the Four Corners region in the USA is the only scientific and comprehensive work in German on this topic. "It is the standard work on this topic in the German-speaking cultural area", quote: Dietmar Kuegler, publisher and editor-in-chief of the magazine for American studies. Papen gave lectures on the subjects of this book at various universities: Freiburg, Stuttgart, Tübingen, Zurich and lectures at German-American institutes, in cooperation with scientific associations in Munich, Nuremberg, Würzburg. Another book about the state of the Natchez Indians on the Lower Mississippi, which was written in close collaboration with Jim Barnett, the director of the Department of Archeology and History of the State of Mississippi, has been purchased in large numbers by the State of Mississippi.
coat of arms
The family coat of arms shows a red bar in silver, which is covered with three silver roses. On the helmet with red and silver covers an open flight, covered like the shield. Originally it still had three black salt flasks, like most of the other Werler salters families. These ceased to exist in the 17th century.
Other families from Pape
There is no family connection to the family from Wolfenbüttel in the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, who were raised to imperial nobility in 1779 . This Protestant family is still based on property in Lower Saxony today.
literature
- Heinrich Josef Deisting: Archive family von Papen-Wilbring. Finding aid 1541–1997. 1997.
- Ders .: On the history of the Werl public library and the von Papen house. 1980.
- Friedrich von Klocke : The von Papen family in Werl and Soest. 1934.
- Georg Josef von Papius: History of the saltworks at Werl and the local heirs of Lilien and von Papen, as well as the von Papen family called Papius in Bavaria. 1864.
- Werner Kohn: The incredible career of Peter Pape. In: Werl's yearbook. 1994.
- Helmut Lahrkamp: Lothar Dietrich Freiherr von Bönninghausen (1598–1657): A Westphalian mercenary leader of the Thirty Years' War. Regensberg publishing house, Münster 1958.
Web links
- Documents from the Erbsälzerarchiv Werl / digital Westphalian document database (DWUD)
- Document registers from the Papen-Lohe archive / digital Westphalian document database (DWUD)
Individual evidence
- ^ Anton Pape-Spiekermann: Genealogy and history of the Pape family in southern Westphalia from the Middle Ages to the present. ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.2 MB)
- ^ Westphalian document book. 7, no.2466.
- ↑ Heinz Jürgen N. Reuschling: The Government of the Bishopric of Würzburg 1495-1642. Central authorities and leading groups in a spiritual state. Echter, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-429-00804-2 , p. 206 f. and 357.
- ↑ Felix von Papen: A von Papen speaks ... about his experiences in Hitler's Germany. Amsterdam 1938, DNB 992709938
- ^ Papen, Felix von. or keyword Felix von Papen, Oranienburg concentration camp; BLHA, Rep. 35 G, Oranienburg Concentration Camp, No. 2/3, Bl. 96.
- ^ Martin Knop, Hendrik Krause, Roland Schwarz: The prisoners of the Oranienburg concentration camp. In: Günther Morsch (ed.): The Oranienburg concentration camp. Berlin 1994, pp. 47-66, here: p. 52.
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume X, Volume 119 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1999, ISBN 3-7980-0819-1 , p. 157.
