Pentax K-1

	Pentax K-1
Type:	digital autofocus / AE reflex camera
Lens :	all lenses with K-bayonet
Lens connection :	K bayonet KAF2
Image sensor :	CMOS Sony SON-IMX094AQP
Sensor size:	Mm format; (35.9 mm x 24.0 mm)
Resolution :	36.4 megapixels effective
Image size:	max: 7,360 x 4,912 pixels ; APS-C 4800 x 3200 pixels ; 1: 1 4912 x 4,912 pixels
Format factor :	1.0
Aspect ratio :	3: 2
File formats :	JPEG , raw data (DNG, PEF)
Exposure index :	100–204.800 (819200 K-1 II), 12800 (25600 K-1 II)
Viewfinder :	Permanently installed pentaprism viewfinder
Field of view :	100%
Enlargement:	70%
Viewfinder display:	AF data, exposure data, image stabilization functionality, spirit level
Screen :	TFT color monitor
Size:	8.192 cm (3.2 ")
Resolution:	720 × 480 pixels
Operating modes:	P, Sv, Tv, Av, TAv, M, B, X, User 1-5, Video
Frame rate :	KB format: 4.4 with autofocus enabled, 3 and 0.7 images per second ; APS-C format: 6.5, 3 and 1 images per second
Number of continuous exposures:	KB format 17 Raw 70 JPEG (4.4 fps), 20 Raw 100 JPEG (3.0 fps), 100 Raw, 100 JPEG (0.7 fps); APS-C format 50 Raw 100 JPEG (6.5 fps), 70 Raw 100 JPEG (3.0 fps), 100 Raw 100 JPEG (1.0 fps)
Auto focus (AF) :	Phase comparison , contrast autofocus , catch-in-focus
AF points:	33
AF measuring range:	25 cross-type sensors, 8 vertical ones, EV −3 to +18, the 3 middle vertical ones for light intensity f / 2.8
AF modes:	AF.S, AF.C
Exposure metering :	86,000 pixel RGB sensor TTL open aperture measurement with spot measurement / center-weighted measurement and multiple segment measurement
Measuring range:	EV -3 to +20
Regulation:	automatically or manually
Correction :	± 5 EV in ⅓ or ½ steps
Closure :	electronically controlled focal plane shutter, in pixel shift mode electronic shutter, designed for 300,000 releases
Shutter speed :	1 / 8000-30 s and Bulb
Lightning :	no flash
Lightning connection :	Standard ISO shoe and flash socket
Synchronization :	1/200 sec
Exposure compensation :	−2.0 to +1 EV
Color space :	sRGB , Adobe RGB
White balance :	automatic, automatic multi-field comparison, presets, manual, color temperature
Storage media :	2 × SDHC , SDXC
Data interface :	USB 2.0 micro B
Video interface:	HDMI (Type D, Micro)
Power supply:	Li-Ion battery D-LI90, power pack D-AC132E, battery handle D-BG6
Casing:	Steel chassis, magnesium alloy and plastic
Dimensions:	136.5 mm × 110 mm × 86.5 mm
Weight:	approx. 925 g (housing only) 85 g Accu
Additions:	5-axis image stabilizer in the camera for all lenses, spirit level in 2 axes, moiré filter via sensor movement, GPS , compass, astro-tracing up to 300 s, WiFi with WPA2 , tethered shooting , 2 to 2000 images can be taken in one shot in the modes Additive, mean value and lightest value are combined, extensive interval timer, pixel shift resolution (Dynamic PSR K-1II)

The Pentax K-1

The Pentax K-1 is the first digital SLR camera housing with an image sensor in 35 mm format (24 mm × 36 mm), which is sold by the Japanese manufacturer Ricoh under the Pentax brand .

history

Ricoh released the data on February 18, 2016. The camera housing was presented on February 25, 2016 as the new top model in the product range in Tokyo at the CP + 2016 trade fair . In March 2017 it received the iF Design Award. In October 2017 the model won the German Design Award 2018.

The central component is a CMOS sensor developed by Sony , in which the A / D converters for signal conversion are located directly on the chip. The sensor does not have an anti-aliasing filter and thus offers greater image sharpness; if moiré patterns should occur, these can be suppressed via micro-movements of the sensor. It offers an effective resolution of 36.4 megapixels on 862 mm² and a maximum image size of 7,360 x 4,912 pixels . The camera currently has the most compact housing for a SLR camera in 35mm format. In 2016 the camera won the "TIPA Photo & Imaging Award" in the Best Full-Frame DSLR Expert category . It has been available in stores in Europe since April 27, 2016.

K-1 II

On February 22, 2018, Ricoh announced the Pentax K-1 Mark II . It is an improvement on the existing K-1 and replaces it as a top model. In the identical camera, the additional processor (accelerator unit) already used in the K-70 and KP is introduced into the top model, which improves the noise in both RAW and JPG format, but preserves the detail drawing. The ISO range for photos is extended to 819200 and for videos to 25600. The Pixelshift Mode has been expanded to include a dynamic version, so that you can now also take freehand PSR images, using the photographer's natural wobbling for the PSR and the shake reduction remains active. The autofocus algorithms are expanded, and the developments and experiences of the KP are used. The market launch was announced for April 2018. Pentax offers to retrofit a K-1 with the changed hardware and new functions of the Mark II for a fee. It has been on sale in Germany since March 27, 2018.

important characteristics

Rear view of the K-1 camera with x-rite colorchecker passport as a size comparison

With 35.9 mm × 24 mm, the sensor format corresponds to the 35.9 mm format. For the image stabilization system Shake Reduction (SR), the provider specifies an effectiveness of up to five LW according to the CIPA standard. The 3D image stabilizer is built into the housing and can correct camera shake in all three axes and rotations by moving the sensor. It works with all lenses, with older or adapted lenses the focal length used may have to be selected manually in the menu. This image stabilization system offers two other functions.

One suppresses the moiré effect , since an anti-aliasing filter was not used to increase the resolution . For this purpose, the SR system can be moved in two stages during exposure in order to suppress the aliasing caused by motion blurring in the subpixel area. In addition, photo series are possible so that you can later select the best shot. The movement frequency for this is 500 Hz and works reliably up to shutter speeds of 1/1000 of a second, but also improves the image up to 1 / 8000s.

The second function is a (tilt) -shift function with which it is possible to move 1.5 mm horizontally and vertically the sensor in 24 steps by ± sensor and the eight levels ± 1 degrees around the optical axis to twist. This achieves an adjustment of the image section. In addition, this mechanism is used to implement the astro-tracer function, so that with very long exposure times the stars are not displayed as traces but as dots.

As in the Pentax K-3 II, the “Pixel Shift Resolution” function is built into the camera . Four individual images recorded in quick succession are automatically combined, with the image sensor being moved by one pixel (approx. 4 µm) each time. This means that all four subpixels of the Bayer pattern of the image sensor (two green, one red and one blue) are recorded in the same place. This means that the entire color spectrum is recorded for each pixel. The result is more accurate color reproduction for every pixel and higher resolution. These recordings are now also possible by hand. The pixel shift images can be saved as JPEG as well as in raw data format. The four individual images are available in the corresponding raw data file. At the moment these raw data files can only be developed by Pentax ' proprietary raw data converter DCU, by a DCRaw modification and by RawTherapee from version 5.1. The other large providers of raw data developer software cannot yet process the pixel-shift raw format.

Like the K3-II, the camera has GPS and works with GPS QZSS and SBAS satellites, with longitude, latitude, altitude ( WGS84 ), time and alignment to the object being entered in the images, and distance recording in KML format and time synchronization are also possible .

The power supply is provided by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery of the type D-LI90, which has already been used in numerous other models of the manufacturer. In an attached battery grip D-BG6 the supply from the battery can handle either with another lithium ion battery or six NiMH batteries of Type AA effected.

The housing is sealed against splash water, moisture, sand and dust with 87 seals.

The weight without battery and memory cards is 925 g, 1010 g ready for operation. The dimensions of the camera are 136.5 mm × 110 mm × 86.5 mm (W × H × D). A battery handle available as an accessory is also protected against dust and splash water. According to the supplier, the camera is intended for continuous operation in a temperature range of −10 ° C to +40 ° C.

In video mode, the resolutions Full HD (1920 × 1080, 60i / 50i / 30p / 25p / 24p), 4K (only K-1 II) and HD (1280 × 720, 60p / 50p / 30p / 25p / 24p) are available; the data formats are H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC ( MOV ) for videos or Motion JPEG ( AVI ) for interval film recordings in 4K. The exposure and the tone can be controlled manually. There are connections for a stereo microphone and headphones with standardized 3.5 mm jack plugs .

Copyright information and the name of the photographer can be embedded directly into the Exif data of the images by the camera .

The camera has an integrated HDR mode , which can also be used to record hands-free HDR recordings. The camera takes three pictures with up to −3, 0, +3 EV (can also be set to ± 1 EV or ± 2 EV) and automatically aligns the images with one another. The strength of the effect can be selected automatically and in four levels. The result can also be saved in raw data format.

A two-axis electronic spirit level is built in to help align the camera. It can also be used to automatically align the images when they are captured by the movably mounted image sensor.

Ricoh was the first supplier to equip the camera with switchable lighting for the card compartment, which has two spaces for memory cards, as well as the control panel on the back, the cable release socket and the lens mount; this makes work easier in poor lighting conditions or at night.

With all lenses of the Pentax series DA (except fisheye 10–17 mm ), DA *, DAL, D-FA, the Samsung D-Xenon and D-Xenogon of the same construction as well as three FA-Limited lenses (31 mm 1.8 , 43 mm 1.9 and 77 mm 1.8), the distortion and lateral chromatic aberration ( lateral chromatic aberration ) can be corrected by the camera when taking the picture. If this function is activated, however, the computing time required to save is significantly longer.

With Pentax lenses, it is recognized whether they are intended for 35 mm or APS-C, and the corresponding recording mode can be switched automatically; this automatic system can be switched off. In addition, you can switch to a one-to-one mode with it from firmware version 1.30, with which you can create square images with 4912 × 4912 pixels (24 Mpix). This format can be used with many APS-C lenses without edge shadowing.

There is also a two-part lock for the setting wheel, light value correction, ISO, green button, AE lock and the other for the 4-way controller, AF point switch button, OK button, menu button. This prevents the settings from being accidentally changed while wearing.

Rear with swivel display
Back of the PK-1 II
Front with 28-105mm zoom
from the front right
Top view
from the left
from the right

Bayonet and lenses

The K _AF2 bayonet is backwards compatible with all K bayonet lenses that have been built since 1975. Contacts for controlling lenses with focusing by ultrasonic motor are available. In addition, the K-1 has an autofocus motor inside the housing, which drives Pentax AF lenses without their own motor. The lenses specially developed for APS-C can also be used on the camera via a (deactivatable) crop mode; the images then have a size of 15 megapixels. The dimming option is used for the depth of field preview. For the digital image preview, a test image is displayed on the monitor, which can be saved.

In addition, from firmware version 1.30, the K-1 also supports the new version K _{AF4 of} the K bayonet, in which the opening width of the lens diaphragm can for the first time be continuously electronically controlled with suitable lenses.

The focal length range from 15 to 560 mm is currently covered with 15 lenses suitable for small images, including 5 zooms. Individual DA lenses can be used with more or less severe restrictions without being restricted to the crop format. In particular, the square 1: 1 format is often of sufficient quality.

technical description

The exposure index can be set automatically and manually from ISO 100 to ISO 204.800, the intermediate values can be set in half or third increments. The shutter speed can be set from 1/8000 to 30 seconds, plus there is long exposure (B) and flash sync speed (X) 1/200 second. The images can be saved in the three formats JPG (three quality levels), PEF (Pentax's own raw data format ) and the standardized DNG format . Images are saved in the raw data formats with 14-bit resolution. The strength of the noise reduction can be set individually for each ISO value.

The exposure is measured with an RGB sensor with 86,000 pixels, which can be evaluated as a matrix, center-weighted or spot-oriented. Corrections can be made in ⅓ steps in the range of ± 5 EV.

Draft study for the Pentax K-1 with missing controls on the top

The glass pentaprism viewfinder has a 0.70x magnification, 100% field of view, thanks to new coatings it has also become brighter compared to previous models. A transparent LCD screen is attached between the ground glass and the glass pentaprism, so that information can be displayed in the optical viewfinder, including auxiliary lines for the image structure, focal points and a 2D spirit level. A changeable screen is not provided.

The movable LC display has a size of 3.2 inches, a resolution of 345,600 pixels (720 × 480 pixels) and a viewing angle of up to 170 °. This monitor is configurable in terms of brightness, saturation and color. In addition, it can be quickly switched to five brightness levels, especially for outdoor shots, and a night mode with monochrome red illumination is also available. Pentax connects this display to the body with four hinged steel struts, the advantage being that the display remains in the optical axis. The monitor can be tilted 90 degrees up, 44 degrees down, and 35 degrees to the left and right. The monitor can be used to view in live view mode and, in addition to normal phase AF, to focus with contrast autofocus - optionally with or without face recognition; The depth of field can be assessed in both modes . The monitor can be calibrated in 49 steps. For manual focusing, the image on the LC display can be enlarged up to 16 times and contrast edge detection can be activated.

The A / D converter works with 14 bit color depth. There is a fine correction of the white balance presets as well as several memory locations for manual white balance. There is also an automatic multi-field comparison that can also take flash exposures into account. Mixed light situations can thus be corrected better. Five user programs are used to save and quickly call up a user-specific camera configuration.

Exposure series with two, three or five images are possible; different parameters can be varied: exposure time, white balance, saturation, contrast, moiré suppression and sharpness. You can also do multiple exposures. The captured images can be edited using nine filters.

The maximum serial image speed is 4.4 images / second (Hi) in KB mode, 6.5 in APSC mode In Hi mode, up to 70 images as JPEG and 17 images in raw data format can be recorded continuously at maximum speed; then the camera records at a reduced speed (depending on the maximum continuous write speed of the memory card).

The 33-point phase detection autofocus system (SAFOX XII) is equipped with 25 cross sensors , the remaining eight are linear sensors. The middle three, which are arranged vertically one above the other, are designed for high-light optics with an aperture from 1: 2.8 and thus enable better focusing. Different modes can be selected: These include Auto-25, Auto-9, Auto-5, free choice of a sensor and central point. In the Auto-9 or Auto-5 mode, the position of this field within the 5 × 5 matrix can be freely selected. The following focusing options are also available: Contrast AF, object tracking, face recognition and manual focusing both via the optical viewfinder and via the LC display .

With the AF fine adjustment, front or back focus problems of individual lenses can be corrected.

Three focus modes are possible: AF-S (one-time autofocus), AF-C (continuous autofocus) and manual. Different combinations of sensors can be selected for the autofocus. In very low light, the camera can switch on a green LED auxiliary light to focus .

In addition to the contrast autofocus, a focus peaking function is implemented in live view; This shows the points of maximum edge contrast on the display and thus helps to put the sharpness at the right point in the image when focusing manually.

Flashing can be carried out using a clip-on flash or an X synchronous contact for flash systems.

Interval control is available for both photo and video recordings. In the photo area, the intervals between one second and 24 hours can be selected for up to 2000 recordings. In the video area, the intervals from two seconds to one hour can be pre-selected; the maximum recording time is 55 hours.

The operating concept of the camera has been expanded to include two rotary wheels on the right shoulder compared to the previous models; the function is set on the left, the function selection wheel, and the parameters belonging to this function are set on the right, the control wheel. The provider calls this a "Smart Function". The functions include exposure correction, sensitivity adjustment, bracketing, and the series image speed, special exposure correction and ISO setting can be reached very quickly.