Pentax

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Ricoh Imaging

logo
legal form Kabushiki-gaisha (joint stock company)
founding December 17, 1938, re-established on October 1, 2011 (renamed on August 1, 2013)
Seat Itabashi , Tokyo , Japan
management Noboru Akahane
Number of employees approx. 1,900 (2015)
sales 218.66 billion yen (2010/2011)
Branch Glass and electronics manufacturer
Website www.ricoh-imaging.co.jp

Pentax is a brand name of Ricoh Imaging KK ( Japanese リ コ ー イ メ ー ジ ン グ 株式会社 , Rikō Imējingu Kabushiki-gaisha ) for still cameras, lenses and other optical products. Until 2008, the associated Japanese company was Pentax KK ( ペ ン タ ッ ク ス 株式会社 , Pentakkusu Kabushiki-gaisha , English Pentax Corporation ; previously: Asahi Optical KK ), the cameras , surveillance technology and optical devices for medical technology as well as high-quality binoculars and astronomical telescopes and eyepieces manufactured. The name Pentax was derived from the names " Pentaprisma " and " Contax " and originally belonged to the East German VEB Zeiss Ikon , who sold it in 1957 to Asahi Optical. In 2008 the Pentax Corporation was taken over by the Japanese group Hoya and has not existed as an independent, publicly listed company since then. The development and manufacture of optical products under the well-known brand name "Pentax" remained under the umbrella of Hoya KK. In 2011, the Pentax brand was sold to the electronics and office technology group Ricoh . The medical technology division (Pentax Medical) remained with the Hoya Group.

Company history

Asahiflex I
Asahi Pentax Spotmatic (International Version)
DSLR Pentax K-7 with the smc DA 18-55 mm 1: 3.5 - 5.6 WR offered as a kit

In 1919 the Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō Goshi-gaisha ( 旭 光学 工業 合資 会 社 ) (German about: "Optikwerke Asahi KG ", English Asahi Optical Joint Stock Co. ). This initially produced spectacle lenses, and from 1933 also lenses and lenses for cameras . In 1938 the corporate form was changed to a Kabushiki Kaisha, to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha ( 旭 光学 工業 株式会社 , English Asahi Optical Co., Ltd. ). Until the end of the Second World War, a large part of the order volume consisted of optical equipment for military purposes. After the end of the war, Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō KK was dissolved by the victorious powers, but received permission to re-establish in 1948. The company resumed its pre-war activities and manufactured binoculars and camera lenses for Konishiroku and Chiyoda Kōgaku Seikō - the predecessors of Konica and Minolta . From 1952 cameras followed, especially single-lens reflex cameras (initially: "Asahiflex"), which were marketed from 1957 under the name "Asahi Pentax" (in North America also under "Honeywell Pentax"). One of the first SLR cameras with TTL exposure metering , also indoor metering , the Asahi Pentax Spotmatic, came onto the market in 1964. Later, the lettering of the Asahi part of the name on the camera housing faded into the background until ultimately only “Pentax” remained. In 2002 the company name was finally renamed from Asahi Optical Co. to "Pentax Co.".

The photo brand (Asahi) Pentax had a heyday, particularly in the 1960s to 1980s; later, in connection with the introduction and further development of autofocus technology, it lost market shares to Minolta (now Sony ) as well as to Nikon and Canon , which currently dominate the sales figures for compact cameras and digital SLR cameras. In 2010 Pentax only had a share of 1.5 percent in the global digital camera market and was therefore in 10th place of all providers (1st Canon 19% - 2nd Sony 17.9% - 3rd Nikon 12.6%; only for DSLR: 1. Canon 44.5% - 2. Nikon 29.8% - 3. Sony 11.9%; Pentax?).

Pentax produced temporarily at around ten locations in Japan , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam and the Philippines ; In 2007 around 6,000 people were employed worldwide. The European headquarters was founded in 1966 and was located in Hamburg for a long time .

As of November 2007, the Pentax Corporation was no longer listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange; From March 31, 2008, Pentax was part of the Japanese group Hoya KK. The brand name Pentax was retained for all cameras, endoscopes, CCTV , measurement technology, etc. after the takeover . In October 2009 the European Pentax headquarters for the imaging (camera) business moved from Hamburg to Paris.

In July 2011, it was announced that the Hoya Group was selling the photo division (including the Security Systems and Sport Optics divisions ) under the Pentax brand for the equivalent of around 85 million euros to Ricoh . The medical technology division should, however, remain with Hoya. The takeover by Ricoh was completed on October 1, 2011. The newly established company is called "PENTAX RICOH IMAGING COMPANY, LTD.", With around 1900 employees and its headquarters in Tokyo. It takes on the planning function for cameras and lenses, production facilities, properties and global distribution from the previous companies. The German branch for the business with cameras and lenses is still based in Hamburg and has been operating under the name Pentax Ricoh Imaging Deutschland GmbH since October 2011 .

As of August 1, 2013, the company name was changed to RICOH IMAGING COMPANY, LTD. changed, the various branches have been renamed accordingly. The PENTAX brand name will continue to be used in the future for SLR cameras, other system cameras with interchangeable lenses and binoculars, while compact cameras, among others, will be released under the RICOH label in the future.

Photo technology

The Pentax 6 × 7 was the brand's first medium format camera in 1969.

In 1952, the Asahiflex I was the first Japanese SLR camera . The successor model, Asahiflex IIB from 1954, had an automatic swing-back mirror for the first time . 1957 Pentax became the first Japanese company in the Asahi Pentax any fixed pentaprism one that the Lichtschachtsucher replaced. At the same time, the appropriate Takumar lenses have since been connected via an M42 thread (previously M37).

In 1964, Pentax presented the Spotmatic , which was one of the world's first cameras to allow exposure measurement through the lens ( TTL ) and thus - after the first camera with internal measurement, the also Japanese Topcon RE Super - on the market, significantly for the breakthrough of the SLR cameras and the Japanese Camera industry contributed. Asahi Pentax was able to quickly gain a foothold in the export markets and become one of the major providers. The Pentax 6 × 7 medium format camera from 1969 attracted a lot of attention among professional photographers . It was based on the construction of a 35mm SLR camera and offered an interchangeable viewfinder (viewfinder at eye level and exposure metering only with the pentaprism viewfinder). Although you had to do without an interchangeable magazine , you could work almost as quickly as with the small picture.

In 1971 Pentax two other new one: the first SLR with TTL - automatic exposure control (Pentax Electro Spotmatic) and the multi-layer coating Super Multi Coating (SMC) through which the reflection of light from four percent (at an uncoated glass-air interface) to 0.2 percent was reduced. The imaging performance and brilliance of the Pentax lenses have been increased.

K bayonet

See main article: K bayonet

K bayonet on a K-5
smc PENTAX-FA * 1: 4.5 300 mm on a PENTAX MX

In 1975 Pentax introduced the cameras K2 , KM and KX and the SMC PENTAX lenses of the K series with lens mounts . The inexpensive and robust Pentax K1000 , introduced a year later , has been sold over 2.5 million times. The MX , MV , ME and ME Super models of the compact M series , introduced between 1976 and 1980, were also very successful , with the correspondingly compact SMC PENTAX-M lenses being introduced. For decades, the combination of the MV timing machine with a flat 40 mm lens was considered the smallest and lightest SLR system in full-size 35mm format. In 1980 Pentax introduced the 35 mm system camera with the Pentax LX interchangeable viewfinder . This camera was manufactured until the year 2000 and has a special feature of exposure measurement during the recording and in the film plane. In 1981 Pentax introduced the Pentax ME-F, the first reflex camera with TTL auto focus ( Konica introduced the first 35 mm viewfinder camera with auto focus in 1977 with the C35 AF ). The ME-F works with a system in which the AF motor is located in the lens (like today with Canon). In 1983, the 35mm SLR multi-automatic machine Pentax Super A and the associated SMC PENTAX-A lenses were also very modern.

The K bayonet can be described as the successor to the universal M42 connection system; it was licensed generously from the start, so that it was also used by numerous other manufacturers. During the development was u. a. Pay attention to the possibility of easy adaptation for older lenses with M42 screw connection. Despite all further developments - such as the introduction of cameras with an autofocus drive, the electrical transmission of lens parameters and the introduction of lenses with ultrasonic autofocus - the K-bayonet remained largely compatible, so that even the oldest lenses with at least manual operation and exposure measurement on current digital camera models can be operated.

Some providers have developed their own extensions to the K bayonet, which in individual cases can lead to incompatibilities. The use of some Ricoh lenses on Pentax cameras with an autofocus drive leads to jamming, so that the camera and lens can no longer be separated without tools.

The high quality segment of the newer Pentax SLR lenses includes the particularly compact, partly handcrafted FA- & DA Limited model series as well as the DA * / DFA * lenses, which are sealed against dust and moisture and equipped with an ultrasonic autofocus motor (SDM). The abbreviations “WR” (weather resistant) and “AW” (all weather) also identify weatherproof sealed lenses. Compared to previous model series from Pentax and compared to the market-leading providers, today's range of interchangeable lenses for DSLRs is less diversified. On the other hand, current Pentax DSLR cameras are backwards compatible with all older K-bayonet lens series since 1975 - in some cases, however, with functional restrictions such as exposure metering and aperture control.

Pentax Auto 110

Pentax Auto 110

In the summer of 1979, Pentax presented the Auto 110, one of the smallest SLR pocket cameras ever offered on the world market, and the only one with interchangeable lenses. The Auto 110 was initially only supplied as a set with a motor drive, flash and three lenses for around 1000 DM, but was then also offered individually. All lenses had an aperture ratio of 1: 2.8 because the aperture was integrated in the camera housing. At the beginning Pentax offered lenses with 18 mm, 24 mm and 50 mm focal lengths, later another telephoto lens with 70 mm, a pan focus lens and the zoom with 20 mm to 40 mm focal length were added. The films that go with this camera have been produced again since 2012 and are available in stores.

Viewfinder cameras

In 1982 Pentax presented the PC 35 AF as its first viewfinder camera , followed by other models with a fixed focal length in 1986, the Zoom 70 , which was also the world's first compact camera with a built-in zoom lens (35 to 70 mm focal length). In 1990 the Pentax Zoom 105 Super (38 to 105 mm focal length) appeared. In 1992, Pentax the successful compact camera -Modellreihe Espio , which continues to this day. The first zoom compact camera from Pentax with a triple zoom from 38 to 115 mm ( Pentax Espio 115 from 1993) also comes from this model series .

Auto focus SLR

SLR Pentax ME F, 1981-1984
SLR Pentax SFXn, 1989-1993

In 1981 the Pentax ME F appeared with an autofocus lens SMC Pentax AF 35 mm - 70 mm f / 2.8 . In contrast to later products, the motor for focusing was built into the lens and was powered by its own batteries. However, the regulation was carried out by the camera.

In the SLR sector, Pentax lost market share from 1985 onwards due to the success of the Minolta 7000 . As a reaction from 1987 Pentax brought the moderately successful cameras of the SF series ( SFX , SFX-N and SF7 ) with autofocus and the associated SMC PENTAX-F lenses. Unlike the ME-F, like the Minolta 7000, the AF motor was in the camera and not in the lens. In 1991 the Z series was introduced; Some of the associated zooms in the SMC PENTAX-FA lens series have a power zoom function that can be switched off . In 1995, the MZ-5 with classic operating elements came onto the market as the first SLR camera in the compact MZ series . In 1997, the Pentax 645N was the world's first medium-format single-lens reflex camera with automatic focusing.

Digital cameras

As early as 1996, Pentax introduced the German-language Internet offering and the first Pentax digital camera. The compact Optio 330, 430, 450 and 550 models were relatively successful from 2001 , the tiny Optio S and its successor models from 2003 , the waterproof Optio WP from 2005 . The numerous later models of digital compact cameras were also sold until 2012 under the name "Optio". In early 2013, the MX-1 was a premium compact camera that is reminiscent of classic SLR cameras like the Pentax MX with its housing design . Compact cameras have not been offered under the Pentax label since 2013, which is now primarily reserved for SLR camera models. Instead, the brand name Ricoh is usually integrated into the model name.

DSLR

The digital SLR camera Pentax MZ-D with image sensor in 35mm format, presented as a prototype in 2000 , did not come onto the market. The prototype is exhibited in a camera museum in Japan and is called K1-D. The camera was planned with a 6 MP chip from Philips measuring 24 mm × 36 mm.

Only in 2003 was followed by a commercially available digital Pentax SLR ( DSLR ) with interchangeable lenses, the Pentax * ist D . At 23.5 mm × 15.7 mm, its image sensor was significantly smaller than the 35mm format ( 35mm format ). The later Pentax DSLRs also had sensors with a crop factor of 1.5 in relation to the KB format (compare: APS-C , DX format ). Unlike the big manufacturers, Pentax did not have a DSLR with a 35mm full- format sensor in its range for a long time . The Pentax K-1 has been delivered since April 2016 . The * ist D and its smaller siblings ( Pentax * is Ds , Pentax * is DL , Pentax * is DS2 and Pentax * is DL2 ), which were released between 2004 and 2006, were characterized by their compact dimensions and a relatively large and bright viewfinder image compared to their immediate competitors out. The model * is DS2 was not available on the European market. The same was planned for the * ist DL2, but when the * ist DL sold out too quickly, the * ist DL2 was also introduced in Europe.

From 2003, SMC PENTAX-DA and SMC PENTAX-DFA lenses optimized for digital SLR cameras were released . The former do not have an aperture ring and do not fully illuminate the image circle of the 35mm format, whereas the latter are also suitable for 35mm SLR cameras.

In 2005, Pentax entered into a development cooperation with Samsung for digital SLR cameras . Initially, Samsung limited itself to re-labeled Pentax cameras: The GX1S corresponded to the * is DS2 and the GX1L to the * is DL2. In addition, Pentax lenses were re-labeled as Schneider-Kreuznach. The cameras and lenses were gradually available on the German market from April / May 2006.

Pentax worked with Tokina for years on lens development . The optical construction of some lenses was developed together, while the mechanics remained different and both manufacturers produced at different locations. The Pentax versions were only made for their own bayonet, while Tokina only supplied other camera connections.

The K100D was the first model to have image stabilization integrated into the housing; this could be activated with a slide switch on the back.

With the models K100D and K110D available in Germany from August 2006, Pentax turned away from the type designations of the first DSLR series. The K100D was equipped with a so-called shake reduction system , the K110D did not have this and was offered correspondingly cheaper as an entry-level model. In September 2006 the top model K10D was presented, among other things with a higher resolution image sensor, image stabilizer and improved protection against dust and moisture. The bayonet of the K10D has been expanded to include the ability to control lenses with their own ultrasonic autofocus drive, which came on the market in August 2007. This extension consisted of a power contact in the lower part of the housing, which enabled the K10D to work again with the power zooms of the 1990s, at least in their basic functions. The SDM lenses of the DA * series are, like the K10D, splash-proof and dust-proof thanks to elaborate seals. In June 2007 the K100D Super was presented. This was largely identical to the K100D, but offered two new features: sensor cleaning and support for the ultrasonic focus motor of the SDM lenses from Pentax.

Thanks to the success of the K10D in particular, Pentax has once again attracted more attention from experts and consumers. With a market share of 4.7 percent for digital SLR cameras, Pentax was in third place in this market segment at the end of 2006 behind the two market leaders Canon and Nikon in Japan.

In 2008 Pentax added three more digital single-lens reflex cameras to its product range. In spring 2008, the K20D appeared as the successor to the K10D and the K200D as the successor to the K100D, K110 and K100D Super. In autumn the range was expanded to include an entry-level model, the Km . This camera was sold in North America as the Pentax K2000.

Pentax K-5 with battery handle D-BG 4 and 18-55 mm WR

In May 2009, the top DSLR model at that time, the K-7, appeared with a more angular design compared to its predecessor, the K20D, which, however, already had the same image sensor developed together with Samsung . The successor model K-5 has been available since October 2010. It has the identical, sealed housing made of a magnesium alloy, but among other things a new sensor from Sony - combined with higher light sensitivity and more effective noise suppression - as well as an improved autofocus function. The Kx was introduced as an upscale entry-level DSLR in September 2009 , supplemented by the Kr in October of the following year and the functionally greatly enhanced K-30 in 2012 and a year later the technically almost identical K-50 and K-500 with a modified housing design . The Pentax K-5 II and K-5 IIs models presented in September 2012 were placed as successors to the K-5. Both have optimized autofocus and have a modified rear display. The K-5 IIs also lacks a low-pass filter in front of the sensor, which increases the detail resolution, but can also increase the susceptibility to the so-called moiré effect in certain subject situations.

In October 2013, Ricoh presented the Pentax K-3 as the new top model in the APS-C range . This has a 24 MP sensor without a low-pass filter, whereby a corresponding filter protection can be simulated by micro-vibrations of the moving sensor in critical recording situations (function can be switched on and off). In August 2014, a new, particularly small, light and quite strikingly designed entry-level DSLR model was announced. The Pentax K-S1 has a 20 MP sensor and - like the K-3 - does not have a low-pass filter in front of the image sensor, but a low-pass filter simulation using an oscillating sensor. Despite the small dimensions, a pentaprism viewfinder with a 100% field of view is installed. The operating concept has been revised and should be less menu-heavy, but should be done via a central thumb control wheel and screen displays.

Pentax presented the Pentax K-1 in autumn 2015 as the company's first camera in 35 mm format (24 × 36 mm) ; it has been shipping since the end of April 2016. The camera has a 36 MP sensor, built-in GPS, WiFi and a swivel display. The APS-C camera Pentax K-70 followed in summer as the successor to the K-50.

Digital medium format cameras

In 2010 the Pentax 645D was the first digital medium format camera from Pentax to build on its own tradition in the field of medium format. Initially, the 40-megapixel camera, primarily intended for professional studio, landscape and architectural photographers, was only available on the Japanese market, and since the beginning of 2011 also in the USA and Europe. As with the other digital Pentax SLR cameras, the 645D is largely compatible with the existing lenses of its film-based predecessors from the 645 series. However, the image circle is a crop in relation to the analog medium formats, as the sensor only covers a recording format of 44 mm × 33 mm (compared to a nominal 60 mm × 45 mm or 60 mm × 70 mm). Compared to the so-called (KB) full format (24 mm × 36 mm), the recording area of ​​the Pentax 645D is around 1.7 times larger. In April 2014 Ricoh Imaging introduced a sister model that has been improved in terms of resolution, light sensitivity and other features: the Pentax 645Z . This has a CMOS sensor with around 51 megapixels and without anti-aliasing filter, a new autofocus system SAFOX 11 and live view including video function in full HD. The PRIME III image processor, the autofocus module and the exposure measurement with an RGB sensor comprising 86,000 pixels are identical to the modules built into the K-3, the sensitivity reaches 204,800 ISO. The 645Z also has a housing that is sealed against dust and moisture.

Mirrorless system cameras

Pentax Q

With the Pentax Q , the appearance of a mirrorless compact digital camera with interchangeable lenses was announced in June 2011; This type of device, which is located between compact cameras and SLR cameras, is referred to by the term “mirrorless system camera” or the abbreviation “DSLM” (Digital Single Lens Mirrorless). With the so-called Q-bayonet, the small camera has a new type of connection for lenses. Conventional Pentax DSLR lenses for K-bayonet do not fit natively on it, only special compact lenses designed for the much smaller image circle and sensor of the camera. These have a crop factor of 5.53 in relation to the KB format. At around 28 mm², the miniaturized CMOS image sensor of the Pentax Q is significantly smaller than that of compact system cameras from other manufacturers that were released at the same time, and for comparison with SLR cameras: the sensor of the K-5 measures a good 370 mm², the medium format model 645D has a recording format of 1452 mm². It has a resolution of around 12 megapixels and is exposed from the back, which, according to the manufacturer, should have a positive effect on light sensitivity, noise reduction and image processing speed. A lens adapter also enables normal Pentax K lenses to be connected; adapters for numerous third-party lenses are now available from different manufacturers. (The successor model Pentax Q10 was announced in September 2012. Almost a year later, the Pentax Q7 came out with a slightly larger image sensor (1 / 1.7 inch; crop factor to KB: 4.6); in 2014 the Pentax Q-S1 was modified Housing design presented. This also has a continuous (tracking) autofocus during video recordings.)

Mirrorless Pentax K-01 in black with interchangeable lenses DA 35 mm 1: 2.4 AL

In February 2012, Pentax announced the appearance of another DSLM. The Pentax K-01 , offered between March 2012 and the end of 2013, has a 16-megapixel sensor in APS-C format, so that, unlike the Pentax Q, it is directly compatible with all commercially available Pentax lenses with KA bayonets. Due to these properties, however, it is also less compact and weighs 560 grams including battery and memory card - hardly less than an entry-level DSLR like the Kx despite the lack of an optical viewfinder and folding mirror. The K-01 was offered, among other things, in a set with a “pancake” lens (DA 40 mm / f2.8 XS), which was extremely flat at 9.2 mm in length.

Overview of products and model series

Digital cameras

Digital compact cameras Digital compact cameras (continued; without "Ricoh") Digital bridge cameras and mirrorless system cameras (DSLM) Digital SLR cameras Digital medium format cameras

Pentax Optio series
(2001–2012):




Bridge cameras :


Mirrorless system cameras (DSLM):

Cameras for medium format and 35mm film

compact cameras SLR cameras with screw connection SLR cameras with bayonet Medium format cameras

Pentax Espio series ( viewfinder camera ; called "Pentax IQ-Zoom" in North America):

  • Espio 24EW
  • Espio 60S / 60V
  • Espio 70 / 70E
  • Espio 80 / 80E
  • Espio 90MC
  • Espio 105G / 105Mi / 105S / 105SW / 105WR
  • Espio 110
  • Espio 115 / 115G / 115M
  • Espio 120SW / 120SW II
  • Espio 130M
  • Espio 135M
  • Espio 140 / 140M / 140V
  • Espio 145M Super
  • Espio 150SL
  • Espio 160
  • Espio 170SL
  • Espio 200
  • Espio 628
  • Espio 738 / 738G / 738S
  • Espio 838 / 838G / 838S
  • Espio 928 / 928M
  • Espio Junior
  • Espio Mini
  • Espio P
  • Espio W

Pentax PC series:

  • PC 30
  • PC 33
  • PC 35AF / 35AFM / 35R
  • PC 50
  • PC 55
  • PC 100
  • PC 300
  • PC 303
  • PC 313
  • PC 330
  • PC 333
  • PC 500
  • PC 505
  • PC 550
  • PC 555
  • PC 606 W
  • PC 700

Pentax zoom series:

  • Zoom 105R / 105 Super
  • Zoom 280P
  • Zoom 60 / 60X
  • Zoom 70 / 70R / 70S / 70X
  • Zoom 90 / 90R / 90WR

M37 lens screw connection:


M42 lens screw connection:

Pentax 110 bayonet:

Pentax-K bayonet:

Pentax KA bayonet:

Pentax KAF bayonet:

Pentax KAF2 bayonet:

Lenses

Super-Takumar 50 mm f / 1.4 with M42 thread Super-Takumar 50 mm f / 1.4 with M42 thread
Super-Takumar 50 mm f / 1.4 with M42 thread
smc DA 40 mm 1: 2.8 Limited - right with screwed-on lens hood.
smc DA * 300 mm 1: 4.0 ED [IF] SDM - right with mounted lens hood
Porro prism binoculars "Papilio" with an unusually low focus limit
  • 35mm + DSLR lens series (M37 / M42 connection or K bayonet): Takumar , K, M, M *, AF, A, A *, F, F *, FA, FA *, FA J, FA- Limited, D FA, DA, DA L, DA WR, DA-Limited, DA *
  • Medium format lenses: System 645, System 6 × 7/67
  • Q bayonet lenses
  • CCTV lenses

Binoculars

  • Binoculars: different models with roof prism or Porro prism
  • Spotting scopes: PF series

Eyepieces for microscopes and astronomical telescopes

The production of astronomical lens telescopes (refractors) was apparently stopped in 2009.

Medical technology

Pentax Medical (to Hoya; the brand name Pentax will continue to be used) offers a comprehensive range of flexible medical endoscopes , which extends over the following product groups:

  • Video endoscopes
  • Gastroscopes
  • Colonoscopes
  • Duodenoscopes
  • Bronchoscopes, auto-fluorescence bronchoscopes
  • Endomicroscopes
  • Fiber endoscopes
  • Ultrasonic Endoscopes (EUS)
  • endo-bronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
  • Intubation endoscopes (e.g. Airway Scope AWS)
  • ENT endoscopes
  • KayPENTAX (ear, nose and throat)
  • Double balloon enteroscopes
  • Video processors for digital image processing
  • i-scan filter techniques (in EPK-i and EPK-i5000 video processors)
  • Video cart
  • Monitors, also wireless
  • surgical hand instruments under the label MICROLINE

literature

  • Herbert Keppler: The Asahi Pentax Book , exp. u. edit again Ed., Verlag Die Schönen Bücher, Strache 1976, ISBN 3-7956-0143-6

Web links

Commons : Pentax  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. About Us , ricoh-imaging.co.jp
  2. Pentax photo division at Hoya: sales collapse and losses , photoscala.de
  3. "90 Years Pentax - 9 Decades of Innovations" , fotomagazin.de, accessed on October 21, 2011
  4. a b Ricoh Establishes PENTAX RICOH IMAGING COMPANY, LTD. , official announcement from Ricoh; Retrieved October 16, 2011
  5. ^ Sony, Nikon Narrow Gap to Canon With New Digital Camera Models , bloomberg.com, accessed October 22, 2011
  6. The Pentax headquarters moves from Hamburg to Paris , digitalkamera.de
  7. ^ Pentax sold to Ricoh. heise.de, July 1, 2011
  8. PENTAX Imaging Systems GmbH becomes PENTAX RICOH IMAGING DEUTSCHLAND GmbH at pentax.de
  9. RICOH founds PENTAX RICOH Imaging Company, LTD  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Pentax.de, accessed on November 11, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / security-systems.pentax.de  
  10. Company name change , Pentax.jp, accessed on July 3, 2013
  11. Change of company name , Pentax.de, accessed on July 3, 2013
  12. ^ Marco Antonetto, Claudio Russo: Topcon Story. Nassa Watch Gallery, ISBN 88-87161-00-3 , p. 67.
  13. Lomography Online Shop , accessed September 1, 2013.
  14. lomography website ; accessed on September 1, 2013.
  15. Article on the presentation of the Color Tiger , accessed on September 1, 2013.
  16. Announcement on the appearance of the Pentax K-1 , digitalkamera.de, accessed on February 18, 2016
  17. Manufacturer's website Pentax K-1
  18. Press release on the introduction of the 645D from Pentax (PDF Download; 313 kB)
  19. ^ Pentax 645D Digital Camera Review , ePHOTOzine
  20. ^ German company website to introduce the Pentax 645Z
  21. K-01 - system camera , pentax.de, accessed on February 7, 2012
  22. Pentax system camera K-01 and 9.2 mm flat lens announced , digitalkamera.de, accessed on February 7, 2012
  23. Optical devices Jürgen Thomaier - distributor for astronomical articles from Pentax Europe GmbH ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.telescopes-by-pentax-gmbh.com