Peter Agricola

Peter Agricola (born June 29, 1525 in Holzheim (near Neu-Ulm) , † July 5, 1585 near Reinsacker ( Randersacker )) was a student of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon , educator , statesman and humanist of the Renaissance .

overview

As a preceptor he was first educator of the son of Duke Friedrich III. von Liegnitz and later the sons of Duke Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken at the Pfalz-Neuburgischer Hof . He was school principal at the Latin School in Ulm and the Illustrious Gymnasium in Lauingen (the later Albertus Gymnasium Lauingen ). Although he had wanted to become an Evangelical Lutheran pastor , he entered the service of Count Palatine Wolfgang von Zweibrücken and his sons, who sent him on diplomatic missions. Agricola became the Princely Privy Counciland reformed the New Burg schools. He was also involved in the affairs of the principalities of the Holy Roman Empire . Peter Agricola was an exceptionally well educated man and was considered a skilled negotiator. His impartiality was praised. He was considered an excellent administrator. At the same time he fought for humane coexistence among people in his writing.

family

The Peter Agricolas family came from the Ulm area . His father Magnus Agricola from Steinheim was an innkeeper and judge in Holzheim and a former student in Ingolstadt . The father originally wanted to join the Elchingen monastery and had lived in Rome with a cardinal and follower of the Benedictine order , Jean de Bilheres de Lagraulas. Through the nepotism at the Holy See by Pope Alexander VI. and because of the war behavior of the later Pope Julius II , however, he took part in the Italian wars . Magnus Agricola fought under King Charles VIII of France from 1494 to 1497 before returning home and settling in Holzheim. He died on April 30, 1531. From his second marriage to Apollonia († September 20, 1560) came the son Peter Agricola, born in the year of the Peasants' War in 1525.

In 1575 the fifty-year-old Peter Agricola married Diana Clelius, widow of the astronomer, mathematician and astrologer Cyprian von Leowitz , court teacher at Neuburg and head of the illustrious grammar school in Lauingen. She died on November 24, 1581 at the age of 47 and that marriage remained childless. Agricola's nephew was Magister Magnus Agricola , theologian and superintendent in Neuburg, whom he also promoted.

Live and act

Peter Agricola attended the Latin school in Ulm , where he also worked as a private tutor . He matriculated on March 12, 1543 as Peter Agricola, studied by Holzheim at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , and received his bachelor's degree on June 18, 1544 . He worked in Wittenberg and was enrolled there in September 1544 as Petrus Agricola Ulmensis and again in 1548, whereupon he received his master's degree on May 3, 1549 . In Wittenberg he had Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon as teachers. As a pupil of Philipp Melanchthon he became teacher and disciplinarian of Heinrich XI on April 20, 1550 . , Son of Duke Friedrich III. von Liegnitz and stayed there for seven years.

From 1557 to 1559 he was the rector of the Latin school in Ulm, where he was co-author of Ludwig Rabus' school of debt . In 1559 he went to the Reichstag to Augsburg to Duke Henry XI., His former students to discuss, which is in a difficult situation to the emperor I Ferdinand was. Peter Agricola declined a further offer as an advisor to this prince, although the imperial advisor Warnsdorf urgently advised him to do so. Even an offer of Greek scholars Hieronymus Wolf , at the high school at St. Anna to be the faculty in Augsburg member or leader, he refused. Instead, thanks to his friend Ulrich Sitzinger , with whom he had studied in Wittenberg, he became rector of the newly founded Princely School in Lauingen.

On April 30, 1561, Peter Agricola, also on Ulrich Sitzinger's recommendation, became court master ( prince educator ) in Neuburg an der Donau . The eldest sons of Prince Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Philipp Ludwig and Johann , were previously taught by the court master Konrad Marius. "But when this was removed because of his inclination to Calvin's doctrine , the education of the young inquisitive prince, especially the eager instruction in Luther's doctrine, was transferred to Peter Agricola". The certificate of appointment states that Agricola should especially encourage Prince Philip Ludwig to “practice in Latin and French”. Until 1569, Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken sent the brothers with the court master to study in Lauingen. The Strasbourg rector Johannes Sturm attended a public exam held in December 1564 in Neuburg by Peter Agricola with the princes and praised their knowledge. In the General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts it says: “[…] handed over to the management and teaching […] to the famous Peter Agricola for further training, Duke Johann became a highly learned gentleman who spoke Latin, Greek and French Arithmetic, logic and rhetoric well practiced. ”Sturm got to know Agricola and recommended him to the local scholarchen for an appointment in Strasbourg . However, that did not happen.

After taking over the government in 1569, Duke Philipp Ludwig appointed Agricola to the secret council of Neuburg. In 1583 he was also titular advisor of Zweibrücken. As Minister of State, he traveled extensively in the Holy Roman Empire and, thanks to his fame, received money from German princes to support the theologians of the Reformation . He advised his princes to buy the library of the late Hieronymus Wolf for the school, which he succeeded, and he regularly exchanged letters with David Chyträus , a student friend from his time at the university in Wittenberg. In 1585 the prince asked him to travel with him to Düsseldorf to attend the wedding of Duke Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg with Jakobe von Baden-Baden . Peter Agricola died on the return journey after the departure of Würzburg at the height of summer suddenly of a apoplexy on the road at net Sacker ( Randersacker ). His body was brought to Ochsenfurt and buried the following day in the main church of Uffenheim in the presence of the Duke of Neuburg .

literature

• Johann Franz Wagner: Dissertatio historico litteraria de (…) M (agistri) Petri Agricolae (…) vita et meritis in scholam ecclesiam et rempublicam (…) . Drimborn, Helmstadt 1756 (Latin, reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
• M. Wagner: Vie de Pierre Agricola . In: JH Samuel Formey, Pierre Mortier (ed.): Bibliothèque nouvelle germanique ou Histoire littéraire de l'Allemagne, de la Suisse et des Pays du Nord . 1758 (French).
• Narratio Historica de Vita et Obitu M (agistri) Petri Agricolae, Consiliarii Palatini Neuburgici, ac Bipontini, Conscripta à M. Magno Agricola, Pastore gregis Dominici ad B. Mariam Virginem, Neuburgi . In: Magnus Agricola, Simon Ostermann (eds.): Oratio In Obitvm Clarissimi, Atqve Omni Liberali Scientia politissimi viri, ... Petri Agricolae, quondam ... Philippi Lvdovici, & D. Ioannis, Com. Palatinorum Rheni, & Boiariae Ducum, fratrum Praeceptoris, & postea Consiliarij: Habita In Schola Palatinâ Lauinganâ / à S. Ostermanno, IV Doctore, eiusdem scholae Rectore . Lauingen / Reinmichel 1600, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 355-ubr06556-7 (Latin).
• Georg Christian Crollius : Commentarius de Cancellariis et Procancellariis Bipontinis . 1768 (Latin).
• Agricola (Peter), théorien allemand (1525 - 5 juillet 1585) . In: Eduard Maria Oettinger, JJ Stienon (ed.): Bibliographie biographique universelle: dictionnaire des ouvrages relatifs à l'histoire de la vie publique et privée des personnages célèbres de tous les temps et de toutes les nations . 1854.
• Kurt Schöndorf, Ernst Wenzel: Truthful report on the life and death of Magister Petrus Agricola, the council of Pfalz-Neuburg and Zweibrücken . In: Yearbook of the historical association Dillingen an der Donau . 111th volume, 2010, p. 71-127 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Agricola, Peter: Ulm school rector, prince educator in the Palatinate. Hof - Holzheim, June 29, 1525, † Reinacker / Franconia, July 22, 1585 . In: Heinrich Ihme (ed.): Southwest German personalities: a guide to bibliographies and biographical compilations . Kohlhammer, 1988.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Agricola, Peter Pfalz-Neuburgischer Rat. * June 29, 1525 Holzheim [Krs. Neu-Ulm, Bay.] As the son of a farmer and innkeeper . In: Philipp Melanchthon, Heinz Scheible (eds.): Melanchthons correspondence . Frommann-Holzboog, 1977.
3. ^ ^{A b} Bettina Wagner : Libraries in Neuburg an der Donau: Collections of Count Palatine, Monks and Humanists . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.
4. ^ ^{A b} Karl-Heinz Glaser, Steffen Stuth: David Chytraeus (1530–1600): North German humanism in Europe; Contributions to the work of the Kraichgau scholar . Regional culture publisher, 2000.
5. ^ Society for German Educational and School History (ed.): Monumenta Germaniae paedagogica . Hofmann, 1899.
6. ↑ Archive for the history of the book industry, Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhändels. Historical Commission, Booksellers Association (ed.): The Palatinate-Neuburg Council Dr. Petrus Agrícola, the principal of the Princely School in Lauingen . 1963.
7. ^ Friedrich Schmidt: History of the education of the Palatine Wittelsbacher . Hofmann, 1899.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Bernhard Seuffert: Quarterly for the history of literature . Ed .: H. Böhlau. 1974.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Agricola, Peter, M (agister), 1561 teaching a. Taskmaster fd young. Sons d. Duke Wolfgang von Zweibrücken, 1583 zweibr. Titular council . In: Georg Biundo (Hrsg.): The evangelical clergy of the Palatinate since the Reformation (Palatinate Pastors' Book) . Degener, 1968.
10. ^ GC Gack: History of the Duchy of Sulzbach: according to its state and religious conditions, as an essential contribution to Bavarian history . Weigel 1847.
11. ^ Konrad Schröder: Linguarum recentium annales: teaching in modern European languages ​​in German-speaking countries . 1985.
12. ↑ Götz Pölnitz, M. Hueber: Pictures of life from the Bavarian Swabia . 1952.
13. ↑ Carl Clesca: The Illustre Gymnasium or the Palatinate Neuburg State School in Lauingen from 1561-1616 . Beef, 1848.
14. ^ M. Holland: sheets for Württemberg church history . 1982.
15. ^ Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Ed.): Reformation history studies and texts . 1953.
16. ^ Johann Samuelersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber (ed.): General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts . Gleditsch 1842.
17. ^ Anton Schindling: Humanistic University and Free Imperial City . Verlag Philipp von Zabern in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1977.
18. ^ Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg - Peter Agricola, prince. Rath . In: Georg Wilhelm Hopf (Hrsg.): Bavarian history in time tables: a manual for teachers, civil servants, as well as for all friends of patriotic studies . Schmid, 1865.