Parish Church of St. Nikolaus (Haintchen)
| Catholic parish church of St. Nicholas | |
|---|---|
 Catholic parish church of St. Nicholas with summer linden tree |
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| Data | |
| place | Haintchen , Selters (Taunus) , Limburg-Weilburg district , Hesse |
| builder | Johann Martin Ulrich |
| Construction year | 1749-1750 |
| height | Church tower: 36 m high west tower m |
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus is a listed church building in Haintchen im Taunus ( Limburg-Weilburg district ).
prehistory
The first documentary mention of a church in Haintchen is from 1388. In the mention of July 25, 1388 in a continuation of the interest book of the Cistercian convent Gnadenthal created by Abbess Sophie von Lindau, it says: "Item we all born jar the kyerchin to the Hayne 1/2 punt waisis un (d) 6 young h. zu oistirn also von Husin, unsim hoibe.- "(So every year we give the church at Haintchen half a pound of wax and six young Heller at Easter also from Hausen , our farm).
As early as 1388 there was a predecessor of today's church in the village, probably also consecrated to Saint Nicholas as the patron saint of travelers due to its location on the old Hessenstrasse . There was also an extensive rectory with the old rectory and the barn. Another parish church in Haintchen (zum Henichen) is mentioned in a document dated July 13, 1476. In 1525 documentary mentions made reference to the St. Nicholas patronage of the church in Haintchen.
Traditionally, there was a smaller church on the Kirchberg with a steeple in the shape of a pointed helmet , probably built after the middle of the 17th century. Before that, a chapel , the so-called Old Chapel with Hohenfeld Castle (also known as Hohenfeld Castle) is said to have existed here. Like the villages of Obernhain and Steinbruch, it had suffered badly in the Thirty Years' War and died when peace was made. From the castle cave in the western Eisenbachtal there is said to have been an underground tunnel (passage) to connect to Hohenfeld Castle on the Kirchberg. The entries speak for their constituents book Stock of Haintchen. In old purchase files there is a plot of land on Kirchberg listed as Hohenfeldches plot. The meadow areas south of the Kirchberg and the road are referred to as von Hohenfeldche Wiesen. Around 1900 the schoolchildren sang a song at a dance that had survived from the Hohenfeld time and refers to the countess of the same name. The family of the “governor of the Nassau Land”, Achatius von Hohenfeld , owned the “Hof zu Hausen” estate at that time. This noble family came from Aistersheim Castle in Upper Austria and resided in nearby Camberg. On a map from 1711, the forest district close to the village: Laubus, a Hohenfeld chapel is shown there.
As has been handed down from old reports, opinions were divided about the construction of the previous church. The lower village wanted to build the church on the Koberg , the upper village at the current location. The timber and building materials were brought up to the Koberg several times. The next day it was back on the Kirchberg.
The opinion has long persisted in official writings and publications that the builder of the churches in Haintchen and Hasselbach was the architect Appel. But Ludwig Baron Döry names Johann Martin Ulrich (1697–1768) as the builder of the two churches. Johann Martin Ulrich was a builder and geometer; from his father-in-law Forth he took over the Limburg cellar office for the von Hohenfeld family . His work as a master builder is documented in addition to secular buildings for various monasteries and churches, such as that of the baroque church of Haintchen.
History and architecture
The 1750 by the architect Johann Martin Ulrich made in the years 1749 Limburg an der Lahn built Catholic parish church, under the patronage of St. Nicholas was found one of the few churches in the wider area, the complete equipment from the baroque of the 18th Century has been preserved. It is an east-facing hall church with a narrower choir closed on three sides. The interior has a trough-shaped wooden barrel vault with eight painted oval medallions with stucco frames. Progressing from the entrance to the choir, on the Gospel side the hl. Michael - Mark - Matthew - Annunciation and on the epistle page Guardian Angel Luke - Johanes Evangelist - Joseph.
The classicist sober room setting dates from around 1810. The elaborate furnishings from the Baroque period, which come from the Hadamar school, are almost completely preserved .
Johann Martin Ulrich (1697–1768) was a builder and geometer; from his father-in-law Forth he took over the Limburg cellar office for the von Hohenfeld family. His work as a master builder is documented in addition to secular buildings for various monasteries and churches, such as that of the baroque church of Haintchen. On September 23, 1748, he had made this demolition along with a cost estimate for the church and on October 22, 1748, in the presence of Pastor Klemmer, the mayor Roth and the community representatives, he concluded the construction contract with the foremen. The building project was then submitted to the Kurier Chamber of Rent on November 23, 1748 and approved by it. Pastor Klemmer had suggested, since the available funds did not seem to be sufficient, to build a graceful roof turret instead of a tower ; only when the elector approved a grant to build the church could the planned tower be built.
The painter Johann Georg Schamo was involved in the painting of the baroque church in Haintchen from 1751 to 1760. The eight oval medallions to decorate the choir and nave come from him, as well as the color design of the organ case and the color version of the high altar with the associated two paintings. His father, the painter Peter Schamo, came from Saint-George in Savoy and founded an active painting dynasty in the Limburg area and Goldenen Grund .
Three bricklayers named Hafeneger were also involved in the construction of the Nikolauskirche. In the old accounts for the new church, their names are mentioned: Tobias, Heinrich and Sebastian. The spelling of her surname has changed considerably in the period after it was built until today. The ancestors of the three masons can be traced back to Haldensee in the Tannheimer Tal in Tyrol . There is also a St. Nicholas Church there , which was built by Andreas Hafenegger from Haldensee. It resembles the internal structure and equipment of the Haintchener parish church.
In the Haintchen parish chronicle, the pastor Johannes Theodor Klemmer reports: “When, on Thursday night from April 16 to 17, 1749, unknown night thieves broke into the old Haintchen church, which was easy to break because of its ruin, they got the iron box that had stood in the sacristy completely robbed and all of the sacrifices , including other vasa sacra and paraments belonging to the church , violently stolen. ”The old church was then in such a bad condition that the Trier prince-bishop Franz Georg von Schönborn allowed the building of a new church in the same year which, like its predecessor, was consecrated to Saint Nicholas.
The parish church of St. Nikolaus zu Haintchen was consecrated on July 19, 1751 by the land dean Johannes Fridericus Dornuff, through a power of attorney from the Trier Elector Franzisco Georgio , which was granted on November 16, 1750. On July 14, 1781, the three altars of the baroque church were consecrated by Johann Maria Cuchot d'Herbain , Bishop of Ascalon and Auxiliary Bishop of Trier .
Furnishing
The view is immediately drawn to the high altar . It is carved out of wood. Above the tabernacle is a pelican who nourishes his young with his heart's blood, a symbol of Christ. A communion scene and a picture of the patron saint of the church, Saint Nicholas, who distributes bread among the poor, close the top of the altar. On both sides of the altar are the princes of the apostles Peter and Paul , life-size carved with the symbols key and sword . The side altar on the epistle side represents St. Sebastian and above that St. Wendelin , on the Gospel page St. Trinity. Interestingly, these figures are depicted in relief, as well as on the richly carved pulpit . In addition to the altar figures, the representations of St. Peter with the cock and the penitent Magdalena (she used to hold a human skull in her hand) on the two confessionals . The baptismal font from Schupbacher marble from 1671, a picture of the Madonna and a Taufaltärchen of 1680 and two Stoup of 1709 and an offertory of 1713 originate from the previous church, presumably after the Thirty Years' War was built.
On the opposite side of the choir is the two-story west gallery. The two galleries are decorated with parapet paintings from oil paintings and the organ with figures. Another rarity is the valuable baroque organ built in 1754 by the Frankfurt organ builder Johann Christian Köhler . There are only a few of these valuable, well-sounding organs left in Germany.
organ
The Johann Christian Köhler organ, built in 1754, is located on the upper of the two rear west galleries . As was often the case at this time, the whole organ work is built into the parapet , which is drawn forward accordingly in the middle part. The view shows the housing and the prospectus divided into seven fields with three round towers, two angular towers and two two-storey intermediate fields . The large round central tower is flanked by a two-story flat field, each of which is adjoined by a pointed tower of the same height, whose cornice extends over the flat fields. A lower round tower forms the end, a little higher than the lower flat field. Towers and flat fields each contain seven pipes; the upper pipes of the two flat fields are blind pipes.
This brochure layout was built in 1750 by Johann Christian Köhler and Philipp Ernst Wegmann in the Evangelical Church in Grävenwiesbach ; in most of his works, small round towers close off the work from the outside. The organ includes a manual and pedal with 15 registers and 855 pipes.
Tower and summer linden tree
The 36 m high west tower, which is crowned by a baroque hood , looks far into the valley floor. The magnificent summer linden tree , which has been protected by nature conservation since 1934 by the then District Administrator of the Limburg district , helps to complete the sight.
Bells
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After its completion in 1750, the baroque church only had a small bell. By the end of the 18th century the parish had already bought three new bells. However, these only had a short lifespan. Tradition has it that these bells cracked just a few years after they were purchased and new bells had to be bought. In 1879 these needed to be renewed because they had lost their sound. The three new bells were poured into Sinn by the FW Rincker company . The largest “Susanna” with 94 cm diameter, the middle “Anna” with 75 cm diameter and the smallest, “Maria” with 62 cm diameter.
On June 9, 1917, the two smallest bells for armaments purposes, of the First World War , were transported to the then district town of Usingen . The smallest weighed 52 kilograms, the middle 387 kilograms. In 1925, the Franz Otto company in Hemelingen near Bremen cast a new Maria bell with a diameter of 78 cm and a weight of 340 kilograms in the tone “c”. In the same year, the Nikolaus bell was rung in tone "b" with a diameter of 90 cm, with the inscription: "St. Nicholas, protect our country from hunger, hardship and war fire. You had to die in distress like your sons the heroic death. Now I have awakened after a long time, God give you bliss. St. Nicholas, ora pro nobis ”, completed. On March 15, 1942 , the two largest bells had to be handed in for armament purposes during the Second World War . The largest and oldest was the "Susanna", from 1879 in the tone "g sharp" and the Nikolaus bell, from 1925.
In 1950, two new bells were added to the remaining Maria bell, from the Franz Otto company in Hemelingen, so the original three-part ringing was now finally completed again with the tone sequence as-bc, as the gloria ringing. The Nikolaus bell in tone “b” with a diameter of 88 cm and 437 kilograms, with the inscription: “Sanct Nikolaus, protect our country from hunger, hardship and war fire! The community dedicates this bell to the memory of their fallen sons ”. The second and largest bell today is the Herz Jesu bell in the tone "as" with a diameter of 100 cm and a weight of 638 kilograms, with the inscription: "Heart of Jesus + House of God and gate of heaven, our reconciliation, have mercy on us!" ". These were inaugurated on December 17, 1950. So on Christmas Eve 1950, after eight years, all three bells rang again, and the whole village was on its feet.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) |
inscription |
| 1 | Heart of jesus | 1950 | Company Franz Otto , Hemelingen |
as 1 +4 | 638 | 1000 | Heart of Jesus, house of God and gate of heaven, our reconciliation, have mercy on us! |
| 2 | Nicholas | 1950 | b 1 +2 | 437 | 888 | Sanct Nikolaus, protect our country from hunger, hardship and war fire! The community dedicates this bell to the memory of their fallen sons. | |
| 3 | Maria | 1925 | c 1 +5 | 340 | 780 | Sankta Maria, ora pro nobis. You are consecrated to Mary the Queen of Peace. I too had to hike during the war. Mild gifts made me renew again. O virgin hear our fervent supplication. |
Web links
- State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Catholic parish church St. Nikolaus In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
- Bells ringing from Haintchen / Taunus
- Pastoral area Bad Camberg, St. Nikolaus Haintchen
literature
- 600 years of Haintchen, 1388–1988, Seltersdruck & Verlag, ISBN 3-923811-04-7 .
- Limburg Bell Book. Bells and chimes in the Diocese of Limburg. Foersch, Hubert, Limburg 1997.
- Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 2012, Rüdiger Fluck: “About builders, masons and painters of the St. Nikolauskirche in Haintchen”, REKOM Verlag Wetzlar, ISBN 3-927006-48-3 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Alois Staudt: 600 years of Haintchen - contributions to recent church history .
- ↑ Hellmuth Gensicke: 600 years of Haintchen - from the beginnings to the modern age .
- ↑ Rüdiger Fluck: field names, forest districts, departments, streets, etc. Place names in the Haintchen / Taunus district in 2009
- ^ A b Rüdiger Fluck: Yearbook 2012 Limburg-Weilburg district - About builders, bricklayers and painters of the St. Nikolauskirche in Haintchen
- ↑ Rüdiger Fluck: Burglary in the Haintchener church - "Unknown night thieves" overlooked St. Nicholas. In: Nassauische Neue Presse. December 6, 2016.
- ↑ Rüdiger Fluck: 600 years of Haintchen - The Johann Christian Köhler organ in the Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus
- ↑ List of natural monuments in the Limburg-Weilburg district (PDF; 33 kB) at the Lower Nature Conservation Authority (UNB) of the Limburg-Weilburg district .
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, in particular pages 409, 526, 547 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, especially pp. 383, 488, 504 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
- ^ Alois Vollmer: Festschrift 100 Years of the Singing Association "Sängerkranz" 1886 Haintchen eV - From the history of our village.
- ↑ Karl Liesering: 600 years Haintchen - Between 1914 and 1988th
Coordinates: 50 ° 21 ′ 38.7 " N , 8 ° 18 ′ 59.3" E