Poul Vendelbo de Løvenørn

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Poul Vendelbo Løvenørn

Poul Thomsen Vendelbo de Løvenørn (German Paul von Lövenörn auf Bregentved * April 5, 1686 in Horsens ; † February 27, 1740 in Copenhagen ) was a Danish army officer who initially served in Russian and later in Danish-Norwegian service - most recently as general of the cavalry - was standing.

Origin and family

Poul Vendelbo de Løvenørns was born as Poul Thomsen , called Poul Vendelbo (also Wendelbo or Windelboe ). He received the name " Løvenørn " through his admission into the Danish nobility on January 14, 1711 and is thus the progenitor of the family. Løvenørn's father was the merchant, undertaker and auctioneer Thomas Poulsen Vendelbo († 1693), his mother was his wife Anna, b. Nielsdatter (1641-1708). After the father's death, the mother married the policeman Stephan Jacobsen († 1728).

On March 21, 1714, Løvenørn married Ingeborg Dorthea Vinding (1686–1734), daughter of the Council of State and Professor Poul Vinding (1658–1712) and his wife Margrethe S., born in the Copenhagen Vor Frue Kirke . Bøgvad (1660-1721). She bore him a son - the future bailiff Frederik de Løvenørn .

Life

Youth and Great Northern War

Løvenørn grew up in a wealthy merchant household in Horsens, attended the local Latin school and from 1705 the university to study theology. In 1707, however, he was enlisted as a soldier for the Russian regiment in St. Petersburg . There he worked as steward for Prince Alexander Danilowitsch Menshikov , but before the end of the year he became a lieutenant in the infantry regiment and soon a captain in the princely body regiment. In 1708 he took part in the Battle of Lesnaya and the following year in the Battle of Poltava and rose to Major and General Adjutant Menshikov. As such, he led the surrender negotiations with the Swedish infantry general Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt near Perevolotschna . In the spring of 1710 he received news from the ambassador Just Juel that he could be accepted into the Danish nobility. On October 14, 1711 Løvenørn was accepted into the Danish and Russian nobility after he was sent to Copenhagen as a lieutenant colonel . At the same time as he was raised to the Danish nobility, he vowed to enter Danish-Norwegian service after the end of the war. Now he forged an important connection with Senior Secretary Ditlev Vibe . In July 1712 he became Danish-Norwegian adjutant general and acted - although still in Russian service - as Danish-Norwegian negotiator with Tsar Peter . In September of the same year he resigned from the Russian service because he was suspicious of Peter. At home he was now appointed Colonel , real Adjutant General and Company Commander of the Guard on Horseback. On December 20, 1712 Løvenørn took part in the Battle of Gadebusch and brought the Swedish commander Magnus Stenbock the terms of surrender and played the main role in the surrender of Tönning in 1714. After a diplomatic mission in St. Petersburg the next year, he took part in the conquest Rügen participated and negotiated the handover of Stralsund . In April 1716 he inspected the Norwegian Defense Forces and in 1719 after the death of Charles XII. in Stockholm peace opportunities. From June to July 1719 he negotiated with Karl Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and Georg I of Great Britain in Hamburg and from August to November with the Swedes in Copenhagen. After the final peace negotiations in Stockholm, he signed the peace treaty at Frederiksborg Castle on July 3, 1720 .

Bailiff and diplomat

Appointed major general in 1719, Løvenørn retired from active military service and after a gout-related spa stay in Aix-la-Chapelle became envoy to the court of Frederick William I in Berlin . Here he was welcomed benevolently, even accepted into the king's "Tobakskollegium", but otherwise did not feel comfortable in the Prussian atmosphere. After his career so far, he could have received more significant posts than that of a monastery magistrate for the Århus diocese or a magistrate for Havreballegård and Stjernholm - posts he received on November 24, 1725 - but Frederick IV did not like strong personalities around him and therefore did not appoint Løvenørn to succeed Christian Carl Gabel as Chief War Secretary. In his new offices Løvenørn made contact with the bailiff over Viborg , Iver Rosenkrantz , through whom he was accepted into the circle of supporters of Crown Prince Christian . In April 1730 he was sent to Berlin again, this time with the task of mediating between Prussia and England-Hanover. During this mission he was involved in the dramatic escape of the Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich . He had already told Løvenørn about his escape plans, which is why King Frederick William I accused him of not having betrayed them. So it represented a liberation for Løvenørn when he was called home to Denmark after the death of Frederick IV.

Chief War Secretary

Now Løvenørn benefited from the fact that he had previously been a sympathizer of the new king. On November 6, 1730 he was by Christian VI. appointed Chief War Secretary, and on November 17th he was appointed Deputy in the Secretariat for Army and Fleet. In 1732 he was promoted to lieutenant general . In 1735 Løvenørn handed over responsibility for the fleet to Friedrich Danneskiold-Samsøe ; afterwards the land and sea forces were assigned to different senior war secretaries. In 1738 he was promoted to general of the cavalry. He was somewhat at odds with Rosenkrantz because of foreign policy views; For example, if Rosenkrantz wanted to maintain the alliance with Great Britain , Løvenørn worked towards a pact with France . He was also a member of the building commission for Christiansborg .

Awards

literature

Web links

Endnotes

  1. ^ A b c Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien: The Elephant Order and its Knights ... Berlingsche Officin, Copenhagen 1846, p. 95 ( books.google.dk ).
  2. ↑ reventlow.dk : Poul Windelboe de Løvenørn , accessed on November 9, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c d e finnholbek.dk : Poul Thomsen de Løvenørn , accessed on November 9, 2019.
  4. ^ A. Tuxen: Løvenørn, Poul Vendelbo . In: Christian Blangstrup (Ed.): Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon . 2nd Edition. tape 16 : Ludolf – Miel . JH Schultz Forlag, Copenhagen 1924, p. 285-286 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Claus Bech, CO Bøggild-Andersen: Poul Vendelbo Løvenørn . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 9 : Levi – Moltesen . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1981, ISBN 87-01-77452-2 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
personal data
SURNAME De Løvenørn, Poul Vendelbo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES De Løvenørn, Poul Thomsen Vendelbo (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish army officer
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1686
PLACE OF BIRTH Horsens
DATE OF DEATH February 27, 1740
Place of death Copenhagen