Red Aid (Association)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Red help e. V.
(RH)
purpose Solidarity organization to support left activists
Establishment date: 1975
Number of members: 10,778 (contributors)
Seat : Goettingen
Website: www.rote-hilfe.de

Die Rote Hilfe e. V. (abbreviated RH ) is an association to support left activists who have come into conflict with the law as part of their political activities. He sees himself as a “non-party, cross-curricular left protection and solidarity organization”. The Red Aid has a growing membership inventory, the center in 2019 when 10,968 people were (compared to about 8,500 in 2017 and 9,200 in 2018). There are around 40 local and regional groups as well as a federal office in Göttingen.

The federal and state constitution protection authorities classify the association as left-wing extremist and accuse it of supporting violent criminals in particular.

history

prehistory

The Red Aid sees itself in the tradition of the Red Aid of Germany (RHD), which existed from 1924 until its self-dissolution in 1936. After the National Socialists “came to power” , their most important organs were banned as early as 1933, whereupon they continued to work for three years under the difficult conditions of illegality.

From the 1968 movement to RAF terrorism

The student movement in the 1960s began with protests against structures at the universities and soon expanded to include criticism of the social and political conditions in the Federal Republic. When, after the first major demonstrations in 1967/68, criminal prosecution of politically active leftists was expected, the legal aid of the extra-parliamentary opposition (APO) was founded. After the first convictions, prisoners were looked after. When Reinhard Wetter, an APO activist, was arrested in 1969, the “Red Prison Week” was called from July 12 to 19, 1969. In front of the correctional facility in Ebrach , the first "prison camp" was organized to campaign for the release of Wetter.

Based on the legal aid and prisoner aid groups of the extra-parliamentary opposition (such as the Republican Aid in Frankfurt am Main), which had been established since 1968, autonomous Red Aid groups were founded in various West German cities from 1970, the first in 1970 in the western part of Berlin . It was carried by various groups from the wings of the APO and by communist parties. Rote-Hilfe was founded in other cities: Munich, Hamburg, Cologne, Frankfurt, Fulda, Gießen, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Würzburg, Marburg, Kassel, Wetzlar, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Heilbronn, Kiel, Flensburg.

The newspaper “Rote Hilfe”, initially published by Rote Hilfe Westberlin. Nachrichten & Mitteilungen "was published nationally from autumn 1972 with the number 14 alternately by the Rote Hilfen Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich and West Berlin. The expenditures therefore also reflected the political spectrum of the groups involved.

In 1970 people from different groups were arrested: Horst Mahler , Monika Berberich , Irene Goergens , Hilmar Budde and Heinz-Georg “Jimmy” Vogler. The preparation of the trial and the action against solitary confinement formed the focus of the Red Aid activities during this time.

Activists associated with the June 2 Movement and anarchist groups opposed the exclusive orientation towards those they viewed as political prisoners . The first anarchist black aid groups were founded, who wanted to stand up for all prisoners and rejected the concept of political prisoners.

With the establishment of the centrally organized Rote Hilfe e. V. (this association is not to be confused with today's Rote Hilfe eV) through the KPD / AO the Rote-Hilfe-movement split up.

The Red Aid had gradually moved away from their actual concern of supporting APO activists who had come into conflict with the police and the judiciary. The main focus of the Red Aid activities since 1970 has included both the preparation of the trials and the commitment to improved prison conditions for the imprisoned members of terrorist groups such as the RAF or the June 2nd Movement. The uncritical attitude of the Red Aid towards allegations that imprisoned RAF members made about their conditions of detention caught the attention of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution .

From 1973, mainly on the initiative of the Communist Party of Germany / Marxist-Leninists (KPD / ML), further RH groups that were close to this party emerged. At Easter 1974 a joint meeting of all Red and Black Aid groups in Bochum led to a break for political reasons, which led to the founding of the KPD / ML-affiliated Red Aid Germany (RHD) on January 26, 1975.

Established in 1975

On January 26, 1975, the founding congress adopted the Red Aid program and statute. In this program, the RH established political oppression in various areas of society, turned against the emergency laws, demanded the elimination of special laws and freedom for all imprisoned left activists and proclaimed the fight against bourgeois class justice . According to the statute, the Red Aid saw itself as a “revolutionary mass organization to fight against the political oppression of the working people by the bourgeoisie”. The program was largely determined by the political line of the KPD / ML, which had initiated the establishment of the Red Aid. Most of the members at this time were also members of the KPD / ML. After the RH had opened up politically in the early 1980s, it was renamed Rote Hilfe e. V. renamed.

Red Aid has been organized on a decentralized basis since the mid-1980s. In 1986, the Federal Conference of Delegates decided to rename Rote Hilfe Deutschlands (RHD) into Rote Hilfe e. V.

In 1989 the subject of deportation came to the fore. In the early 1990s, Rote Hilfe e. V. started the campaign “ Anna and Arthur shut up ” and continued it in 2000 under the slogan “Please don't say anything now!”. In it, the accused are asked to refuse to give evidence in any proceedings, as any cooperation with law enforcement authorities supports them in their work of persecution and repression.

Today's field of activity

Information booth of the Red Aid 2013 in Hanover

In the 1970s, the newly founded Rote Hilfe was initially in the public eye in the area of urban guerrillas such as the RAF and the June 2nd movement. It now sees itself as an alliance that campaigns for political prisoners and against repression. She supports suspects , defendants and offenders from the left spectrum. This is primarily done by providing legal support to those who have been arrested for politically motivated activities, are involved in criminal prosecution or are pending preliminary investigations .

Rote Hilfe provides support through media work, advice and joint preparation of processes and organization of demonstrations, and above all subsidizes legal and procedural costs. In 2019, around 220,000 euros were paid out to support individuals and prisoner care. She supported the campaign against the reintroduction of occupational bans , which largely affected a former federal executive. In addition, the RH campaigns against the ban on activities by the Kurdish PKK , which is classified as anti-constitutional , demands that it be removed from the EU terrorist list and financially supports its legal aid fund Azadi . It also supports asylum seekers who are threatened with deportation .

Before large-scale demonstrations by left groups, so-called investigation groups, investigation committees (EA) or “legal teams” are often formed and representatives are sent into the crowd to be informed about arrests. "Emergency numbers" are published, through which the arrested can seek legal assistance.

The association publishes the quarterly magazine Die Rote Hilfe , which has also been available at the kiosk since 2010 and has a circulation of 10,600 (beginning of 2019). The brochure What to do in case of fire? , which was the namesake for the German film of the same name , contains recommendations for the behavior of victims when arrested at demonstrations, during house searches or other police measures. He distributes the music double CD "Rote Hilfe Soli Sampler". One of the 40 titles in the collection also includes the song line “I shit laws and want class war”.

In 2008, the left-wing faction in the Hessian state parliament named Rote Hilfe as an expert in a hearing on the new version of the police law . According to the newspaper Neues Deutschland , she was heard by the Thuringian state parliament on a similar matter in 2013 .

Prohibition discussion

The 2016 report on the protection of the constitution indicates 8,000 supporters and supporters in 51 local groups. This is almost a doubling of the number since 2006, when 4300 people were counted as supporters and followers in 35 local groups. Security circles speak of a "continuous increase in membership". It is also said that the riots at the G20 summit in 2017 and the subsequent charges led to an additional strengthening of the association. At the beginning of 2019, the number of members was over 10,300. The reason for the renewed increase is assumed to be the current discussion about a ban on the association, particularly in relation to the statements made by Federal Interior Minister Horst Seehofer.

After the membership of the Red Aid had risen so significantly, in 2018 the member of the Bundestag Armin Schuster (CDU) campaigned for a ban on the association by the Interior Ministry under Horst Seehofer (CSU). According to the Federal Government, the Red Aid provides "political and financial support to left-wing criminals and violent criminals". The association discredits the legal system across the board as "conviction justice". His support for left-wing offenders go "beyond the scope of a permissible constitutional criticism". He also advocates a “socialist-communist state system that is incompatible with the Basic Law”. All of these are "anti-constitutional goals". The Ministry of the Interior did not publicly comment on “any considerations about a ban”. The news magazine Focus , however, reported in November 2018 that Seehofer actually wanted to ban the Red Aid. This was criticized by the Bundestag member Ulla Jelpke ( Die Linke ) as a “purely politically calculated maneuver”. The Young Socialists called on their national convention, the SPD to become "to prevent the announced ban" because the Red Aid committed for Fundamental Rights. The Bundestag member Irene Mihalic ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) said she was not aware of any reasons that would justify a ban.

In February 2019, the AfD parliamentary group applied to the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia to call on the state government to "lobby the federal government and at the federal level emphatically for a nationwide ban on Rote Hilfe eV" and "at the state level the possibility of a legally secure ban on the to examine local and regional groups based in North Rhine-Westphalia, and - where possible - to bring them about ". After deliberation, the application was unanimously referred to the Interior and Legal Affairs Committee, where it was voted against the votes of the AfD on April 4, 2019 in the 34th meeting of the Interior Committee with the votes of the CDU, SPD, FDP and BÜNDNIS 90 / DIE GRÜNEN Parliamentary group was rejected.

Positions, goals and way of working

Own representation

In its self-portrayal, the Red Aid formulates its goals as follows: The Red Aid wants to prepare the trial together with the accused and attaches particular importance to making the “political background” of the crimes known to the public. By means of solidarity events, collected donations and funds from membership fees, Rote Hilfe wants to ensure that, above all, the legal and court costs are partially or fully covered. In special cases, payments for living expenses are also made, for example in the event of heavy fines or loss of job. The Red Aid calls for the release of alleged " political prisoners ", advocates that prison conditions be improved, in particular the isolation is lifted. Aid should be given to people who are politically active in the Federal Republic of Germany in the sense of the Red Aid, regardless of party affiliation or ideology. Political activity in the sense of the Red Aid is “standing up for the goals of the workers' movement, the anti-fascist, anti-sexist, anti-racist, democratic or union struggle and the fight against the danger of war”.

Relationship with the RAF

According to the daily newspaper Die Welt, the Red Aid has not distanced itself from the actions of the Red Army Faction (RAF) to this day. In 2016 the club newspaper printed a statement of solidarity to the alleged former RAF terrorists Burkhard Garweg , Ernst-Volker Staub and Daniela Klette , who are still wanted for various crimes, spoke of an “relentless manhunt” and wished those addressed “a lot of strength and Enjoyment of life. Have a good time ... and don't get caught! ”The Office for the Protection of the Constitution sees this and other examples as evidence that“ in parts of the left-wing extremist scene there is still a feeling of an inner bond with the RAF ”. The federal board of Rote Hilfe eV reacted by pointing out that the association has neither adopted a political program nor supported organizations as a whole since it was founded, but advocates the rights of accused or imprisoned political activists and against organization bans.

Requirements for help

The Red Aid expects supported people to refuse to testify , whether as a witness or a suspect, to the police, the public prosecutor's office and in court, in order to protect themselves and not to endanger other parties involved. After examining each individual case, the federal executive board can cancel or shorten the support if the applicants distance themselves from their actions or incriminate other people. In addition, the standard rates for support can be reduced or deleted if the accused apologizes or shows remorse (e.g. through offender-victim compensation); here too, the federal executive board examines individual cases. For example, a convict who apologized in court for throwing a bottle at police officers and showed remorse was reduced in litigation support. In its member magazine in 2010, the association wrote about this practice that in cases "in which there was distancing from the alleged act or an apology from the police, [...] support is generally refused or reduced". The answer on the organization's website is in the FAQ :

“The federal executive can reduce the standard rate or refuse support altogether if, after a comprehensive individual examination, it is determined that statements or even cooperation with the police, public prosecutor or court have been made in the course of criminal proceedings. [...] In the case of confessions in court and / or apologies for the alleged 'act', the standard rate - after examining the individual case - can be reduced or the application for support rejected. "

Michael Csaszkóczy , member of the federal board, affirmed that anyone who regrets the act that he is accused of is not a case for Red Aid. Refusal to give evidence to the police and public prosecutor's office is not only necessary for procedural reasons, but also a requirement of solidarity.

Classifications

State classifications

defense of Constitution

Red Aid was mentioned in reports for the protection of the Constitution in the early 1970s . The reason was the relationship with the RAF. The constitution protection report of 1972 judged the work of the Red Aid: "The 'Red Aid' [...] seeks a stronger solidarity with imprisoned 'comrades', especially the members of the RAF, among supporters of the ' New Left '." From 1974 it was assigned to the "run-up to terrorism" in reports on the protection of the constitution. In 1977 the Red Aid was declared a "field of recruitment for terrorist organizations".

The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution observes the Rote Hilfe e. V. continues. According to the Office for the Protection of the Constitution 2017, the association provides "criminal and violent offenders from the left-wing extremist spectrum political and financial support, for example with legal and legal costs as well as fines and fines". He tries to "discredit the security and judicial authorities as well as the rule of law democracy through opinion-forming public relations work (publications, lectures, demonstrations)" and supervise "legally convicted criminals during their detention in order to further or more closely bind them to the 'movement'" and to “motivate them to 'keep fighting'”.

The protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia, on the other hand, does not directly suspect the Red Aid of anti-constitutional efforts, but sees itself obliged to “fulfill its function as an early warning system in a defensive democracy” to include the Red Aid in a “list of endeavors and organizations” without classifying them as "unconstitutional" according to § 3 Paragraph 1 VSG NRW.

Federal government (2010/2018) and Brandenburg state government (2013)

In 2010 the federal government wrote in its answer to a small question from the left in the Bundestag: “The prisoners 'aid organization' Rote Hilfe e. V. ' (RH) is not a humanitarian, solidarity organization aimed at rehabilitating criminals. Rather, its aim is to support and strengthen violent 'leftists' in their struggle against the existing order. The RH identifies itself not only with the ideological goals of the left-wing extremist criminals, but also with their implementation by exercising violence against people. ” The“ Rote Hilfe ”confesses“ without any restriction to its communist tradition ”.

In July 2018, the Federal Government reaffirmed its view that the RH “as a whole pursues left-wing extremist and therefore anti-constitutional goals with varying degrees of intensity”.

Brandenburg's Interior Minister Ralf Holzschuher declared on behalf of the Brandenburg state government in November 2013: “The potential danger of the, Rote Hilfe e. V. ' is that the systematic contempt for the free democratic basic order could fall on fertile ground ”. The Red Aid has "a hinge function" because it is the only left-wing extremist organization that is accepted by all left-wing extremists and also by many left-wing alternatives . The organization “cultivates the 'state' as an enemy and aims with its strategy to denigrate the state and its institutions as a 'repression apparatus'. [...] It gives its members a feeling of constant surveillance and repression. "

Bremen

At the request of the Red Aid, the Bremen Administrative Court issued an interim order on October 23, 2017, according to which the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution may no longer describe it as “violence-oriented” in the 2016 report by the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution. The Senator for the Interior appealed against the decision to the Higher Administrative Court. The Higher Administrative Court, by amending the decision of the lower court, prohibited the designation of Rote Hilfe as “violence-oriented” without further explanation . Accordingly, in an “updated version” of the 2016 Bremen Constitutional Protection Report, Rote Hilfe continues to be classified as “violent left-wing extremism”; This is justified with “their violence-supporting and violence-advocating attitude”, “although the RH itself does not act violently”. The red-green state government confirmed the assessment of their authority on the occasion of a parliamentary question.

Scientific assessments

The political scientist Gereon Flümann sees the Red Aid oscillating between two poles in his dissertation. On the one hand, he notes that “advocating for people accused in criminal matters in a civil society, demanding legal protection or objecting to laws that are believed to restrict political freedom […] are natural and desirable activities in democratic constitutional states ]. ”And on the other hand, he criticizes the fact that the whole of the Red Aid tries to“ delegitimize the current political system of Germany by speaking of 'political prisoners' in the case of militant arsonists and terrorists and judging them as 'repression'. designated".

According to the sociologist Veronika Tacke , the RH stylizes the distance it has taken from society to exclusion through the semantic construction of the left movement being affected by “political persecution” by a “repressive state”. The construction of social exclusion is in turn used to legitimize the struggle against society.

Well-known members and supporters

In December 2007, some MPs from the Left Party publicly acknowledged their support for Red Aid. The first to sign the appeal “Stand up for solidarity! Against Repression and Duckmäusertum! "Are the then deputy federal chairmen of the party" Die Linke " Katja Kipping (Member of the Bundestag), Michael Leutert (Member of the Bundestag), Sevim Dağdelen (Member of the Bundestag), Nele Hirsch (Member of the Bundestag), Julia Bonk (Member of the Bundestag Saxony) and Freya- Maria Klinger (MdL Saxony). The membership of Norbert Müller , the vice-chairman of the Left in Brandenburg and member of the Brandenburg State Parliament, was the reason for a parliamentary question from the CDU opposition, which Interior Minister Ralf Holzschuher answered in November 2013.

The Juso chairwoman, Franziska Drohsel , who was elected in November 2007, was also a member of the Red Aid. Due to the discussion about this membership, she resigned from the association in December 2007. The membership of Sina Doughan , spokeswoman for the Green Youth , was also announced in 2013 . When asked about the political entanglements of the Red Aid , Doughan said that she saw it “very, very critical” if the Red Aid actually approved of politically motivated violence. She herself "rejects violence in any form out of deep conviction".

Oliver Höfinghoff , member of the Berlin House of Representatives for the Pirate Party , came under criticism from the SPD, CDU and regional media in June 2013, among other things because of his membership in the Red Aid.

Red Aid also received state funding indirectly. At the beginning of 2015, the “Spartacus Culture Center” received the honorary award from the city of Potsdam and dedicated it to the local Red Aid for their work against the “spying on and criminalizing visitors to cultural projects, football fans and bands” by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution. The spokeswoman for RH Potsdam announced that she would now proceed even more intensively against the alleged spying and to defend herself “against the secret service observation of the alternative culture in Potsdam”. The Cottbus 2017 Youth Office presented the past 15 years ongoing financial support of the "Association for a multi-cultural Europe" and one operated by it residential project "Cell 79" one after it was revealed that the club provided its rooms several times for events in the Red Aid would have.

literature

  • Helmut Pollähne: Red help (s). Help for the RAF and / or against the judiciary? In: Volker Friedrich Drecktrah (Hrsg.): The RAF and the justice. Aftermath of the "German Autumn". Meidenbauer, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-89975-186-4 , pp. 139-170.
  • Hartmut Rübner : "Organize solidarity". Concepts, practice and resonance of the left movement in West Germany after 1968. Plättner, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9808807-2-5 .
  • Bambule (ed.): The principle of solidarity. On the history of the Red Aid in the FRG. 2 volumes Edition Provo, Laika , Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-942281-33-1 , ISBN 978-3-942281-49-2 .
  • Robin Feber: Die Rote Hilfe e. V. An assessment of the organization in terms of compliance with minimum democratic conditions. (= POLITICA. Series of publications on political science, Volume 118) Verlag Dr. Kovač, Hamburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-339-11070-1

Self-portraits

  • Red help e. V. (Ed.): Forward and don't forget! 70/20 years of Red Aid. The history of the Red Aid from the Weimar Republic to its re-establishment in the 1970s. Kiel 1996 (1998) full text online .
  • Markus Mohr: Co-operative protection. The Red Aid in West Berlin 1969-71. ed. from the Red Aid e. V. and the Hans-Litten-Archiv e. V., Göttingen 2011.

Web links

Commons : Rote Hilfe  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Constitutional Protection Report 2010 ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 4.14 MB), p. 181f. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / verfassungsschutz.de
  2. ↑ a b c d Mona Jaeger: Left-wing extremists “Rote Hilfe”: Dubious connections , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, October 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b Federal Board of Red Aid eV, Göttingen (ed.): DIE ROTE HILFE . No. 4.2019 .
  4. ↑ Michael März: Left Protest after the German Autumn: A History of the Left Spectrum in the Shadow of the 'Strong State', 1977–1979. transcript, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-8376-2014-6 , p. 140. Restricted preview in the Google book search.
  5. ↑ 70/20 years of Rote Hilfe , PDF brochure, p. 50, Hans Litten Archive, online
  6. ^ Kurt Schilde : 'Medical column in the class struggle'. The International Red Aid and selected national sections in comparison. In: Sabine Hering , Berteke Waaldijk (ed.): The history of social work in Europe (1900–1960). Important pioneers and their influence on the development of international organizations. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3633-1 , pp. 135-146, 145; limited preview in Google Book search; doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-663-09711-2
  7. ^ Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia: Rote Hilfe e. V. ( Memento from February 20, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 2004 ( Memento of February 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), p. 167: Under the motto “Against the reintroduction of the practice of professional bans! Fight all forms of state repression! "The RH called for a large demonstration on October 23 in Heidelberg.
  9. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: State Office for the Protection of the Constitution: Security-endangering and extremist efforts of the Kurdish Workers' Party PKK and its successor organization )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / fhh.hamburg.de
  10. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 2004 ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), p. 166: "The regular financial support to the group of 'relatives and friends of political prisoners' and 'Azadi', the separate legal aid fund for the benefit of Kurds, which are supposedly politically persecuted in Germany for working for the 'Workers' Party of Kurdistan' (PKK) or the 'Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan' (KADEK) or the 'People's Congress of Kurdistan' (KONGRA GEL) has been increased. "
  11. ↑ a b c d e Justus Bender: Allegations against young politicians: The same in green. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 13, 2013, p. 4 , accessed May 2, 2014 .
  12. ↑ a b Federal Board of Red Aid eV, Göttingen (ed.): DIE ROTE HILFE . No. 2.2019 .
  13. ↑ Rote Hilfe e. V .: What to do if there's a fire ?, Göttingen 2011 (Download) .
  14. ^ Jan Bielicki: Rote Hilfe - Bundeschefin der Grünen Jugend is a member of a left-wing extremist group. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 16, 2013, archived from the original on April 29, 2013 ; accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Extremists as experts at the hearing , FAZ, August 20, 2008
  16. ↑ Tom Strohschneider , Andreas Fritsche: CDU sees red on Red Help. In: New Germany . November 28, 2013.
  17. ↑ Manuel Bewarder : Red help: Armin Schuster (CDU) wants to have a club ban checked . In: THE WORLD . April 13, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed April 18, 2018]).
  18. ↑ Jim Mülder: Seehofer wants a ban on left-wing clubs: Horst helps the Red Aid . In: The daily newspaper: taz . January 18, 2019, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed January 20, 2019]).
  19. ↑ Manuel Bewarder: Red help: Armin Schuster (CDU) wants to have a club ban checked . In: THE WORLD . April 13, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed December 8, 2018]).
  20. ↑ FOCUS Online: Left-wing politicians promote him: Seehofer wants to ban radical left-wing association “Rote Hilfe”. Retrieved December 8, 2018 .
  21. ^ Konrad Litschko: Red help under pressure . In: The daily newspaper: taz . December 7, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 , p. 3 ( taz.de [accessed December 8, 2018]).
  22. ^ Motion from the AfD parliamentary group: Strengthening Democracy - Forbid Rote Hilfe eV! In: Drucksache 17/5076. February 12, 2019, accessed June 16, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Committee Protocol APr 17/604. In: 34th session. State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia, Interior Committee, April 4, 2019, accessed on June 16, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Self-presentation of the Red Aid
  25. ↑ Manuel Bewarder: Extremely left and strongly growing , WeltN24, April 14, 2018.
  26. ↑ 40 years of “German Autumn” - the RAF in the discourse of left-wing extremist structures. Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, 2017, accessed on April 27, 2018 .
  27. ↑ Rote Hilfe eV rejects the demand for a ban as populism. Retrieved June 16, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Quarterly newspaper Die Rote Hilfe ; for example edition 2/2012, p. 6 f. as well as issue 4/2011, p. 7 (download)
  29. ↑ See Die Rote Hilfe, Heft 2 2012, p. 7 ( PDF file for download )
  30. ↑ https://www.rote-hilfe.de/rechtshilfe-und-unterstuetzung/haeufige-fragen-faq
  31. ↑ Organized and in solidarity against state repression - the Red Aid ( Memento of the original from August 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gjspunk.de
  32. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 1972, p. 61.
  33. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 1976, p. 126.
  34. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 1977, p. 122.
  35. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report 2017. July 24, 2018, accessed on June 16, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf (ed.): Report on the protection of the constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2017 . August 2018, p. 252 .
  37. ↑ Answer of the Federal Government to the minor question from the MPs Ulla Jelpke, Halina Wawzyniak, Jens Petermann and the DIE LINKE parliamentary group. - Printed matter 17/1327 (PDF; 117 kB) .
  38. ↑ Bundestag printed paper 19/3553. July 24, 2018, accessed August 24, 2018 .
  39. ↑ a b Thorsten Metzner: Member of the Left in "Red Help"
  40. ↑ Bremen secret service agent duped young world , November 2, 2017
  41. ↑ OVG Bremen, January 23, 2018 - 1 B 238/17
  42. ^ Constitutional Protection Report 2016, updated version, page 51
  43. ↑ Bremen citizenship: Printed matter 19/1448 of December 12, 2017
  44. ↑ Gereon Flümann: Streitbare democracy in Germany and the United States. The state's handling of non-violent political extremism in comparison. Diss. Univ. Bonn, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-08313-7 , p. 82f.
  45. ↑ Veronika Tacke : Functional differentiation as a scheme for the observation of organizations. On the theoretical problem and empirical value of organizational typologies. In: Same: Organization and Social Differentiation. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2001, p. 162 ff. Limited preview in the Google book search.
  46. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Solidarity must be organized! ) Of December 18, 2007.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.die-linke.de
  47. ↑ Left-wing extremism allegation: New Juso boss leaves "Rote Hilfe". In: The world . December 1, 2007, accessed May 2, 2014 .
  48. ↑ Karin Christmann, Tanja Buntrock: Pirate Christopher Lauer gives up parliamentary group chairmanship. In: Der Tagesspiegel . June 10, 2013, accessed May 2, 2014 .
  49. ↑ Review by Bernd Hüttner (Archive of Social Movements Bremen) in: Sozial.Geschichte Online. Volume 4, 2010, p. 188 ff., As PDF or as HTML .
  50. ↑ Review: Peter Nowak : Die Rote Hilfe in der BRD , SoZ August 2015.